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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

(716»  872-4503 


■r^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exempiaire 
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de  cet  exempiaire  qui  sont  peut-Atr?  uniques  du 
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une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modif ic /.tion  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


n 


n 


n 


D 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pellicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


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Bound  with  other  material/ 
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mais,  lofsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  f:lm6es. 


D 
D 
D 

n 

D 
D 

n 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
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obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires; 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

^ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


tails 
idu 
odifier 
une 
mage 


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gAnArositA  de: 

Douglas  Library 
Queen's  University 

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conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimie  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
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la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ^>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


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different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
fiimis  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  11  est  film6  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


frata 
to 


pelure, 
n  d 


n 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

12  3 

4  5  6 

j 

i  '    : 


SM 


( 


SMITIISONLVy  MISCELLANEOUS  COLLECTIONS. 
CLASSIFICATION 


OF  TBK 


COLEOPTERA 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


PREPARED   FOR  TUE  SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTION. 


8ir 

JOHN   L.  LECONTE,  M.D. 


PART    I. 


3^       * 

^4' 


WASHINGTON: 
SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTION. 

MAY,  1S61— liAKCH,  1662. 


iTiifmBf 'f?r"-''n ''^^f  ■•^*^'^  ■'^'^•^-''-""'  - 


V,  I 


^4 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The  present  work  is  one  of  a  series  to  be  published  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  the  study 
of  certain  branches  of  the  Natural  History  of  North  America 
which  appear  to  require  special  aid.  It  has  been  prepared,  at  the 
request  of  the  Institution,  by  Dr.  LcConte,  to  whom  science  is 
much  indebted  for  thus  devoting  his  time  to  the  preparation  of  an 
elementary  book,  intended  to  introduce  others  to  a  field  iu  which 
be  has  himself  been  so  successful  a  pioneer. 

JOSEPH  HENRY, 

Secretary  S.  J. 
SmrnsoNiAs  Institttion, 
Washisotom,  May,  1861. 

The  preceding  advertisement  was  written  and  published  with 
page  1—208,  in  May,  1861.  Since  then,  pages  209—278,  com- 
pleting I'art  I  of  the  present  work,  have  been  prepared  aud  are 
now  published. 

The  second  and  concluding  part  of  the  work  will  contain  the 
families  embraced  in  the  divisions  Tetramera  and  Trimera  of  the 
older  authors.  Some  time  will,  however,  necessarily  elapse  before 
it  can  be  prepared  by  Dr.  LeConte. 

J.  H. 

February,  1862. 


•« 


ACCEPTED  FOR  PUBLICATION,  OCTOBER,  1860. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
COLLIHt,  pamTK. 


PREFACE. 


TnB  science  of  Entomology,  in  this  country,  is  to  a  very  con- 
siderable degree  traditional.  The  series  of  specimens  which  are 
arranged  and  named  Lave  assumed  their  scientific  value  entirely 
from  the  labors  of  four  or  five  individuals,  who,  from  peculiarly 
favorable  circumstances,  have  been  enabled  to  lay  a  groundwork 
for  scientific  investigation  by  coufcrcuce  or  correspondence  with 
European  students. 

The  present  small  treatise,  prepared  at  the  request  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  is  intended,  so  far  as  relates  to  the 
determination  of  genera  of  Coleoptera,  to  obviate  the  necessity 
for  this  traditional  knowledge,  and  to  enable  those  who  have  a 
desire  beyond  that  of  the  mere  collection  of  specimens  to  acquire 
sufficient  information  to  enable  them  to  consult  with  profit  the 
various  works  in  wlrch  are  found  scattered  the  descriptions  of 
our  species. 

At  the  same  time  it  is  designed  to  present  in  as  compact  a 
form  as  possible  the  most  recent  results  of  scientific  analysis,  as 
applied  to  the  classification  of  those  genera  of  Cole<^ptera  which 
have  been  found  in  that  portion  of  America  north  of  Mexico. 
In  presenting  these  results,  I  have  by  no  means  adhered  to  the 
opinions  expressed  by  those  who  have  previously  written  on  the 
classification  of  the  order  of  insects  which  will  occupy  our  atten- 
tion ;  but  where  it  has  seemed  to  me  possible  to  change  with 
advantage  the  schemes  already  proposed,  I  have  not  hesitated  to 
alter  them. 

The  work  is,  therefore,  intended  for  two  classes  of  persons — 
for  those  who  wish  to  obtain  a  knowledge  of  this  l)ranch  of 
science,  and  for  those  who  have  already  acquired  that  knowledge, 
and  who  now  occupy  the  position  of  investigators. 

The  first  class,  or  beginners,  will  here  find  the  elementary 

iii 


62753 


It 


PREFACE. 


results  obtained  from  a  long  course  of  reading  and  tiic  obscrva- 
lion  of  abundant  materials.  A  knowledge  of  tbese  rcHuits  will 
enable  them  to  understand  t!..;  more  special  memoirs  which  they 
will  find  it  necessary  to  use  in  the  prosecution  of  their  future 
studies,  and  eventually  to  correct  any  errors  which  ore  contaircd 
in  the  present  treatise.  The  second  class,  or  investigators,  will 
find  herein  certain  views  proposed  for  their  adoption,  which,  with 
the  material  afforded  by  our  fauna,  seem  to  the  author  to  be  pre- 
ferable to  those  presented  in  previous  works.  Many  of  the  pre- 
sumed improvements  will  no  doubt  be  rejected,  but  it  is  hoped 
that  at  all  events  they  will  help,  like  those  which  have  gone 
before  them,  to  establish  a  basis  for  future  progress. 

Bibliographical  references  have  been  avoided  in  the  body  of 
the  work ;  they  would  increase  considerably  the  size,  without 
rendering  the  work  more  useful.  The  beginner  does  not  need 
them ;  the  investigator  knows  where  to  find  them  in  more  general 
works. 

I  have  derived  great  aid  in  the  preparation  of  this  work  from 
the  Genera  des  Coleopteres,  by  my  learned  friend  Prof.  Th. 
Lacordaire,  and  from  the  Genera  des  Coleopteres  d'Europe,  by 
Jacqueliu  du  Val,  both  admirable  works,  which,  except  in  some 
very  intricate  cases,  render  any  reference  to  the  earlier  authors 
on  the  subject  of  genera  almost  unnecessary. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  repeat  that  the  present  work  is  not 
expected  to  inspire  any  one  with  a  love  for  this  branch  of  Ento- 
mology, but  to  satisfy,  so  far  as  I  am  able,  the  desires  which 
have  arisen  in  the  minds  of  those  in  whom  the  sacred  fire  of 
science  has  already  been  kindled. 

JOHN  L.  LECONTE. 

Philadelpbia,  April,  1861. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


ion 


Preface 
Introduction 

Table  of  Orders  of  Insects 
Exteriml    Organizat 
Coleopiora 
Head    . 
Thorax 
Wings 
Legs 
Abdomen 
Other  Structures 
Table  of  Families 

Ciri.NI>ELII>AB       . 

Cababiuar 

Carabidae  . 

Oz.Tiiidae   . 

Harpalidae 
Amphizoidae     . 
dvtiscidak 
Qtkinidak 

IIVDnoPIIIMDAE 
SiLPIIinAB 

Silphidae    , 
Brathinidae 

SCYDMiKNIDAB      . 
PSKLAPIIIDAE       . 

Ciavigeridae 
P.selaphidae 

STAPnYLINIDAE 

Stapliylinidae 
Piestidae    . 
Micropeplidae 

HlSTEUIDAE 

Histeridao  . 
Murtnidiidae 

SCAPUIDIIDAE      . 


iii 
vii 
vii 

vii 
ix 

xiv 

xvii 

xviii 

xix 

XX 

xxii 
1 

41 
5  1 

14  I 

10 

3(J 

38 

42 

4.'! 

4S 

4s 

52 

53 

54 

55 

50 

5K 

50 

72 

72 

7:! 

74 

78 


TuinropTEKYriinAK 

PlIALACItlliAE      . 

N'itiih:mi)AK 

)[r)N<iT(iMlliAR      . 
TuoUoslTIDAE      , 

Tn)i;ositidao 
Peitiilae      . 
Peitasticidae 

COLYDIIKAE 
RllYSSdMHAK 

CrcrjiDAi; 

Silvanidae . 
Passaiidridae 
Cucujiilae  . 
Heiriipeplldao 
Tt'h'pliaiiidao 
Ckyi'tophacidak 
Dkroikixtidm-;  , 
Lathiudiihae    . 
Otiiniidae 
Mycetophaoidab 
iMycetoiihagidae 
Diph.vliidae 

DEKMKSrriME      , 

Hyturidae  . 
DtTrnestidao 

UYRltniDAK 

Nosodendridae 
Hyrrliidae  . 
Clu'lonariidae 

Gkokyssiiiae 

Par.nii>ak 

Pst'pbenidae 
Parnidae     . 
Elmidae      . 

IIeteuoceuidae 


7!) 
SO 
HI 
85 

8(; 
87 
88 
88 
8it 
".•2 

94 

sir. 

1(X» 

1(11 

1(12 

1(14 

1(4 

1(15 

105 

10(i 

107 

lOil 

11(1 

111 

112 

113 

114 

115 

115 

117 

117 


!. 


VJ 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 


LCCAIfinAR 

.     119 

Dascyli-idar     . 

.     177 

HCAUAIIJilliAR     . 

.     121 

Daricylliilno 

.     ITS 

8.  Laparostictl 

.     12;J 

Ili-Uxliilau  . 

.     ITU 

Mololiinllii(liii) 

.   i:n 

Lampvuidak 

.     Is2 

S.  I'ImiroMticfi 

.     141 

Laiiii)yiiila() 

.     1K{ 

DdPRRHTIIiAB       . 

.     140 

Tt)l<*i)linii<lHe 

iMi 

TiinosciiiAB 

.-  If)? 

Mai.aciiidar 

IW 

Elatriudar 

.     I.IH 

f'l.KIUIiAR  . 

l:t4 

Euciieiiiiilne 

.     I(i0 

LVMHXVLIDAB     . 

lil.S 

Ceropliytidfte 

162 

Cl'I'RHIDAK 

lit!) 

Elateridiw  , 

lt'3 

pTINrDAR    . 

2(10 

CRBKIONinAE 

174 

Ptinidao     . 

2(11 

RiiirirRKtuAR    . 

175 

Aiiol)ii(lao  , 

202 

ScuiZOl-UUIIiAB  . 

176 

lUiHtrichiclao 
Lyctidao    . 

2(Mi 

208 

INTRODUCTION. 


The  articulate  branch  of  the  animal  kinj^dom  contains  aiiimnlH 
composed  of  simple  rings,  more  or  less  similar  to  each  other, 
which  contain  and  support  the  organs  necessary  to  animal  life. 

According  to  the  method  in  which  this  plan  of  structure  is 
exemplified,  articulate  animals  are  divided  into  three  classes : 

Body  permeated  by  air  vessels.  Iksecta. 
Body  witliout  air  vessels  ; 

Tlioracic  region  distinct  from  abdominal.  CiursTACKA. 

Thoracic  region  not  distinct.  Vekmeh. 

The  class  Insocta  are  again  divided  by  subordinate  modifica- 
tions in  the  plan  of  structure  into  three  sub-classes  :— 
Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  distinct,  legs  (i. 
Head  and  thorax  usually  agglutinated,  legs  8. 
Head  distinct,  legs  numerous. 


Inhecta. 
Akaciinida. 
mvhiapoda. 


The  first  sub-class  Insccta  (gcnuina)  alone  occupy  our  attention 
at  present. 

In  examining  the  transformations  of  those  which  pass  from  a 
larval  form,  which  is  very  different  from  the  adult,  we  find  that 
the  changes  may  be  grouped  as  follows  :— . 

1.  Greater  concentration  of  the  central  organs,  and  diminution 
of  the  number  of  external  segments. 

2.  Greater  complication  of  the  peripheral  organs. 

3.  Hardening  of  the  integument. 

We  also  find  that  certain  forms,  when  hatched  from  the  egg, 
resemble  in  appearance  the  parent,  and  finally  assume  the  charac- 
ters of  the  adult  after  growth,  and  repeated  changes  of  skin.  In 
others  the  individual  emerging  from  the  egg  bears  no  resemblance 
to  the  adult,  but  after  growth,  accompanied  with  several  changes 
of  skin,  passes  into  a  condition  in  which  a  body  similar  to  that  of 

Tii 


TUi 


•INTnonUCTION. 


llic  perfect  inncct  is  covorod  by  an  iiitpgumont,  whit'li  \h  finally 
Kliod.  TiiiH  condition  is  culled  the  jjiiim,  durinff  whicli  the  uninml 
is  HonietinieN  active,  and  sometimes  inactive.  Tlie  three  thoracic 
Hcj^ments  are  in  the  perfect  insect  cither  similar  (except  that  the 
middle  and  posterior  ones  hear  the  wings)  or  ag  jiutinuted,  or  the 
anterior  one,  or  prulhorajr,  is  freely  movable,  and  the  other  two 
closely  connected  with  each  other  and  with  the  abdomen.  The 
])arts  of  the  mouth  are  also  nioditied  in  form,  so  that  the  nuindi- 
bles  and  ma.\illuD  are  either  free  moving  lateral  organs  fitted  for 
mastication  and  prehension,  or  arc  elongated,  forming  a  sucking 
tube.  In  the  former  case  the  mouth  is  said  to  be  mandihulale, 
in  the  latter  haustelluli;.     The  wings  are  also  of  various  structure. 

The  cmbryological  studies  of  insects  are  as  yet  not  sufTiciently 
progressed  to  enable  us  to  subordinate  these  complications  of 
structure,  in  such  manner  as  to  determine  which  forms  are  higher 
and  which  lower.  We  can  nu^rely  state  in  general  terms  that 
tho.se  having  a  perfect  metamorphosis  are  the  highest;  and  those 
having  the  thoracic  segments  agglutinated,  or  the  prothorax 
separate,  are  to  be  considered  above  those  in  which  the  larval 
<;haracter  of  similarity  among  the  thoracic  segments  is  preserved. 

By  a  parity  of  rea.soning,  those  orders  in  which  the  appendages 
of  the  thoracic  organs  (the  wings)  arc  remarkably  dilferent  in 
form  must  be  considered  as  higher  than  the  most  nearly  allied 
forms  in  which  they  are  similar. 

The  sub-class  therefore  divides  into  orders  as  follows : — 

§  Metamorphosis  distinct ;  winga  usually  pruseut  ; 

Pupa  inactive ; 

Mouth  inanilibulate  ; 

I'rotliorax  free  ;  anterior  wings  corneous.  I.  Coleoptera. 

Thorax  agglutinate  ;  wings  4,  meiubranous  ;  posterior  one.s  smaller. 

II.  IItme.noi-tkra. 
Mouth  haustellate  ;  thorax  agglutinate  ; 

Anterior  wings  membranous,  posterior  abortive.  III.  Diptera. 

Wings  4,  membranous^  usually  covered  with  scales. 

IV.  Lepidopteha, 

Pupa  variable,  sometimes  active,*  sometimes  inactive ;    thorax  variable ; 

mouth  mandibulate  ;  wings  4,  membranous,  nearly  equal. 

V.  Nki'roptera. 

*  Those  having  an  active  pupa  (Biomorphotica,  Westwood)  are  now 
called  Pseudoneuroptera,  and  are  united  by  some  authors  with  Orthoptera, 
with  which,  however,  they  appear  to  have  but  little  affinity.  The  habits, 
aa  observed  to  me   by  Baruu  K.  Usteu  Sackeu,  are  quite   diHereut,  the 


I 


in 
iud 


RA. 

now 
ptera, 
iibiti), 
tho 


VI.  OBTnopTunA. 

VII.  Ukmu'tkua. 

IX.  ANoiM.riu. 

X,    TllVHANOt'KA. 


INTHoDl'CTION. 

Pupanctivo;  wi.ip«4;  prothorax  free; 
Mouth  tiiandiliiilatu. 
Miiutli  hauxtullatu. 

§§  .VIutaiiiDrplioolii  none  ;  wings  wanting ; 
Altilomou  witiiout  uppfiulagoH. 
AliiloiiiHii  witli  anal  apiwn.lagi'H. 
The  ortlor  Ni-uroptoni  is  vory  diflRenlt  to  define,  tlnmf^h  tlio 
Rul>-t»r(l('r.s  composing  it  arc  very  readily  distiiitjuished  from  uny 
of  llio  otiior  orders. 

Several  so-called  oruera  will  by  tliis  scbcme  beeonio  attnelied 
to  the  orders  here  recognized,  tiy  possessiiij;  a  nmjority  of  the 
characters  al)ove  nientioned  ;  thus  the  .St rcpsi ptera  heconio  the 
Coleopterous  family  .Stylopidie  ;  the  Tiiysanoptera  and  Kuple.\- 
optera  unite  with  the  Orthoptera ;  the  Aphaniptera  with  tlio 
I)il)tera,  and  the  Triehoptera  become  a  sub-order  of  Neuroptera. 
Ilaviiif;  thus  exhibited  the  eleineiitary  charncters  ti|)on  which 
the  orders  arc  based,  the  special  sidtject  of  the  present  treatise 
may  now  occupy  the  attention  of  the  student. 

In  order  that  the  body  of  the  work  may  be  made  intellifjible  to 
the  beginner,  it  will  l)e  necessary  to  make  a  brief  exposition  of 
the  external  anatomy  of  Coleopterous  insects,  Ijcfore  attempting 
to  define  the  i»umerous  families  which  compose  the  order.  The 
three  regions,  the  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen,  will  therefore  be 
taken  up  in  succession. 

HEAD. 

The  anterior  portion  of  the  body  is  called  tho  fiead ;  it  varies 
greatly  in  form,  and  is  joined  by  meml)ranc  to  tlie  thorax.  Usually 
the  hind  portion  is  but  slightly  narrowe<l,  and  enters  the  anterior 
part  of  the  thorax ;  sometimes  the  part  behind  tho  eyes  is  sud- 
denly narrowed,  and  constricted,  forming  the  neck\ 

The  surface  of  the  head  consists  of  a  solid  horny  plate ;  above 
it  is  frecpiently  marked  by  a  single  suture,  running  transversely 
between  or  in  front  of  tlie  antennte ;  this  is  called  tho  cbjiieal  or 
frontal  suture.  The  portion  in  front  of  this  suture,  when  dilated 
so  as  to  project  over  the  mouth,  as  in  many  Scarabieida;,  is  called 
the  chjpeus;  when  small,  it  is  nametl  ojuKtoma,  and  is  sometimes 

Orthoptera  being  terrentrinl,  and  using  tlieir  wings  only  <is  accessaries  in 
progression,  jvhile  the  Pseudonouroptera  are  essentially  uerial,  passing  tlie 
greater  portion  of  the  time  ou  the  wing. 


I 


11' 


X  INTBODUCTION. 

membranous,  or  coriaceous,  instead  of  horny  like  the  rest  of  the 
surface.  The  upper  surface  is  divided  into  regions,  the  back  part 
being  called  the  occiput,  the  middle  the  vertex,  and  the  anterior 
the  front ;  on  each  side  are  the  eyes. 

The  eyes  of  Coleoptera  are  very  variable  in  form  and  shape, 
and  are  composed  of  aggregated  small  Iciises ;  rarely  they  are 
entirely  wanting ;  equally  rarely  accessory  eyes  are  seen,  in  the 
form  of  one  or  two  simple  lenses  ;  they  are  situated  between  the 
compound  eyes,  on  the  upper  surface,  and  are  called  ocelli. 

The  under  surface  of  the  head  is  widely  excavated,  forming  the 
mouth ;  the  parts  beneath  the  eyes  and  behind  the  mandibles  are 
called  the  genae;  behind  the  mouth  the  region  is  called  the  throat, 
or  gula ;  the  suture  separating  the  gula  from  the  menttm  (here- 
after described)  is  called  the  gular  auture  ;  from  the  opening  of 
the  mouth  may  be  seen  two  sutures,  which  sometimes  unite  at  the 
medial  line,  running  backwards  ;  those  are  called  buccal  sutures; 
they  are  of  but  small  interest  in  classification,  but  I  have  made 
use  of  their  position  to  define  the  groups  of  the  sub-family  Tele- 
phoridse. 

Antenna. — The  antennas  are  articulated  appendages  inserted 
in  front  oi,  or  more  rarely,  between  the  eyes — usually  under  tho 
pide  margin  of  the  front ;  they  vary  in  form  and  number  of  joints, 
the  latter  attaining,  in  our  fauna,  the  minimum  in  Adranes,  of  the 
family  Pselaphidae,  in  which  genus  they  consist  of  but  two  joints ; 
the  maximum  is  reached  in  certain  species  of  Prionus,  of  the 
family  Ccrambycidae,  where  25 — 2T  joints  are  seen.  The  usual 
number  of  joints  is  eleven  ;  the  joints  nearest  the  head  are  usually 
of  denser  consistence  than  the  outer  ones,  which  possess  a  peculiar 
structure,  intended  for  special  sensibility.  It  consists  in  an  im- 
mense number  of  pores,  visible  only  under  a  very  high  magnifying 
power,  and  covered  by  a  very  delicate  transparent  membrane. 
These  pores  vary  in  situation  in  different  families,  but  it  is  not 
yet  known  how  far  these  variations  may  be  used  for  purposes  of 
classification.  Lacordaire  has  found  them  of  service  in  grouping 
the  genera  of  Buprestidae. 

The  forms  of  antennas  may  be  reduced  to  the  following  types : — 
1.  Filiform,  where  the  joints  are  cylindrical,  and  the  outer 
ones  are  not,  or  scarcely  enlarged  ;  when  the  outer  ones  are  some- 
what more  slender,  the  antcnnai  are  said  to  be  setaceous. 


I 


INTRODVCTION 


2.  Serrate,  where  the  joints  are  triangular  and  compressed, 
presenting  therefore  a  serrate  outline  eu  the  inner  margin ;  the 
outer  joints  (usually  three  in  number)  are  sometimes  enlarged, 
forming  a  serrate  club ;  the  form  varies  by  insensible  gradations 
(as  in  the  family  Clerida;),  from  the  regularly  serrate  form  and 
the  very  flattened  serrate  club,  to  the  small  and  more  compact 
club  of  Corynetes ;  whereby  we  pass  to  the  next  type.  Other 
variations  of  the  serrate  type  are : — 

a.  The  joints  are  short,  and  very  much  prolonged  on  the  inner 
side,  giving  the  pectinate,  or  on  both  sides,  giving  the  bipectinate 
form  ;  when  these  proloiigations  arc  very  long  compared  with  the 
uutenmc,  the  Jlabellate  form  results. 

b.  The  joints  emit  from  the  base  or  apex,  sometimes  on  one, 
rarely  on  both  sides,  rdiiulrical  branches ;  the  antenniB  are  then 
called  ramose  f  if  the  branches' are  very  long  and  flexible,  they 
are  called  plumose. 

3.  Clavate,  where  the  outer  joints  are  more  or  less  enlarged, 
but  not  triangular,  nor  leaf-like.  This  is  one  of  the  most  usual 
forms  of  antenna),  and  its  modificatfens  connect  insensibly  with 
all  thcf  other  types ;  names  are  therefore  necessary  for  the  purpose 
of  more  definite  description.  The  principal  forms  are  as  fol- 
lows:—      . 

a.  Moniliform  or  granose,  when  the  joints,  not  diflTering  greatly 
in  size,  are  rounded,  resembling  a  string  of  beads ;  this  leads  to 
the  filiform  type. 

b.  Clavate,  where  the  outer  joints  are  gradually  larger,  forming 
an  elongate  club.  . 

c.  Capitate,  where  the  outer  joints  are  suddenly  larger,  forming 
a  compact  rounded  club  ;  this  leads  gradually  to  the  last  type, 

4.  Lamellate:  in  this  the  outer  joints  are  prolonged  internally, 
opposing  flat  surfaces  to  each  other,  which  may  be  brought  closely 
in  contact,  forming  thus  a  transverse,  or  rarely  rounded,  club, 
supported  at  one  side  by  the  stem  of  the  autenuae.  This  form 
obtains  in  all  Scarabseida). 

Antennse  are  called  geniculate  when  the  second  joint  is  affixed 
so  as  to  make  an  angle  with  the  first;  the  following  joints  con- 
tinue in  the  line  of  the  second. 

Other  names  have  been  applied  to  modifications  in  the  form  of 
antennic,  but  they  are  of  rare  occurrence  in  the  literature  of  the 
science,  and  are  not  used  in  the  present  treatise. 


i^tr 


zU 


INTRODUCTION. 


A»TBKif«:  1.  Serrate;  2.  Pectinate;  .1.  Capitate  (and  also  geniculate);  4,  fl,  6,  7.  Clft- 
rate  ;  8,  0.  Lamellate;  10.  Serrate  (Dorcatoma) ;  11.  Irregular  (Oyrinus) ;  12  T\7o-jointeJ 
mteamt  ot  Adranea  coecut. 

Mouth. — The  mouth  of  Colcoptcra  is  niandibulate  ;  that  is  to 
say,  it  possesses  two  pairs  of  horizontally  moving  pieces  for  the 
purpose  of  seizing  the  food.  Above  it  is  seen  a  small  piece  arti- 
culating with  the  front  or  epistoma,  which  is  called  the  upper  lip, 
or  labrum. 

Immediately  below  the  labrum  are  the  jaws,  or  mandibles ; 
they  are  of  various  shapes,  but  are  gpnerally  curved  and  of  mode- 
rate size ;  exceptionally,  in  certain  Lucauidas,  they  are  very  long 
and  branched,  like  the  antlers  of  a  deer ;  at  other  times,  as  in 
certain  Scaraboeidae,  thoy  are  very  small  and  partly  membranous. 
The  form  of  the  joint  between  the  mandibles  and  the  head  varies 
somewhat,  and  has  been  used  by  Duval  for  the  purpose  of  defining 
some  genera  of  Buprestidse. 

Below  the  mandibles  is  a  second  pair  of  horizontally  moving 
pieces,  called  maxillas ;  they  are  complex  in  structure,  and  are  of 
great  moment  in  classification,  and  therefore  demand  a  special 
paragraph. 


MAXiLiiiE. — The  hind  portion  or  base  of  the  maxillae  is  com- 
posed of  two  pieces  ;  the  one  articulating  with  the  head  is  called 
the  cardo,  the  second  piece  the  stipes ;  attached  to  the  stipes  are 
the  appendages,  which  are  normally  two  hhes  and  one  maxillary 
palpus ;  the  lobes  are  varied  in  form,  according  to  the  families 
and  genera,  and  sometimes  one  or  the  other  is  so  small  as  to  be 
indistinct;  the  outer  lobe  is  occasionally,  as  in  Cicindclidffi,  Cara- 


INTRODUCTION. 


■  -•*■ 

xnt 


bidoB,  and  Dytiscidae,  slender,  and  usually  divided  into  two  joints 
like  a  palpus,  whence  in  the  older  buoks  the  insects  of  those 
families  are  said  to  have  six  palpi.  The  iuuer  lobe  is,  by  a  rare 
exception,  as  in  most  Cicindelidae,  terminated  by  a  movable  hook. 
The  maxillary  palpi  are  usually  4-jointed,  rarely  8-jointed,  and 
in  the  genus  Aleochara  alone  5-jointcd,  by  the  addition  of  a  very 
minute  terminal  piece  ;  they  vary  in  form,  beinjj  filiri/rm  or  dilated, 
and  are  occasionally  of  great  size,  as  in  most  Pselnphidie;  some- 
times very  long  and  slender,  as  in  most  Ilydrophilidae ;  the  last 
joint  is  frequently  much  smaller  and  more  slender  than  the  penul- 
timate, in  which  case  the  palpi  are  called  subulate. 


AUTEHJt^:  1.  Blpectlnate  ;  2.  Flabellate.  Maxiil^r:  3.  Bembidluni  ;  4.  ir.vdrophilus; 
6.  Pselaphas.     Maxiliabt  palpi  :  6.  CtenUte*;  7.  Tmeslphorus ;  8.  Tycbus. 

Mentum  and  Lioula.— Beneath  the  maxillte,  and  between 
them,  is  seen  a  small  movable  piece  called  the  ligula,  wiii'ch  sup- 
ports two  articulated  appendages  called  the  labial  po  I  pi;  behind 
them  is  a  large  or  small  corneuus  plate,  forming  the  floor  of  the 
mouth — it  is  called  the  menhim,  and  articulates  with  the  lower 
surface  of  the  head  by  the  gular  suture,  which  is  rarely  effaced ; 
the  openings  each  side  of  the  mentum  are  called  buccal  openings. 
The  mentum  and  ligula  are  very  important  organs  in  the  system 
of  classification. 

The  mentum  is  usually  small,  or  moderate  in  size,  and  trape- 
zoidal or  quadrate,  but  frequently  of  large  size,  and  varies  accord- 


1   I 


XIV 


INTBODUCTION, 


!» 


• 


ing  to  the  family ;  rarely  it  is  so  large  as  to  close  over  the  buccal 
openings,  and  thus  conceal  the  base  of  the  maxillse ;  it  is  fre- 
quently, as  iu  Carabitlae  and  allied  families,  deeply  emarginate 
in  front,  with  a  prominence  called  a  tooth  at  the  middle  of  the 
emargination  ;  the  presence  and  form  of  this  tooth  are  of  generic 
value.  In  many  families,  especially  those  with  antennae  of  the 
clavate  and  serrate  types,  the  mentum  appears  to  be  divided  into 
two  portions ;  this  results  from  a  piece  between  the  mentum  and 
ligula,  called  the  hypoglottis,  and  which  is  usually  entirely  con- 
cealed, coming  into  view  by  reason  of  increased  development. 

The  ligula  is  either  corneous  or  membranous,  usually  oblong, 
pointed,  rounded,  or  emarginate,  or  even  cleft  and  lobed  at  the 
anterior  extremity ;  usually  prominent,  rarely  concealed  behind 
the  mentum  ;  near  the  tip  is  usually  seen  on  each  side  a  mem- 
branous process ;  these  are  called  paraglossse,  but  are  frequently 
wanting.  Between  the  body  of  the  ligula  and  the  mentum  are 
the  supports  of  the  labial  palpi ;  these  sometimes  are  largely 
developed,  and  in  certain  ScarabajidaD  are  entirely  united  together, 
forming  what  appears  to  be  the  ligula ;  the  genuine  ligula  in  these 
cases  is  almost  atrophied,  and  is  concealed  behind  the  corneous 
plate  formed  by  the  labial  supports.  In  the  following  pages  the 
term  ligula  is  used  in  both  cases,  and  is  to  be  understood  to  mean 
the  piece  in  front  of  the  mentum  bearing  the  palpi,  whether  it  be 
the  ligula  proper  or  some  other  part. 

The  labial  palpi  are  usually  3-jointed,  but  occasionally  2-jointed 
or  even  (certain  Staphylinidfe)  filamentous,  and  not  divided  into 
joints.  In  the  genus  Aleochara  they  become  4-jointed,  by  the 
addition  of  a  very  minute  terminal  joint.     They  vary  in  form. 


THORAX. 


The  second  division  of  the  body  is  called  the  thorax,  and  con- 
sists of  three  segments  which  support  legs,  and  which  are  variously 
modified  as  regards  size  and  union  in  the  different  orders  of 
insects. 

In  Coleoptera  the  first  of  these  segments,  the  prothorax,  is 
separate  from  the  other  two,  and  is  freely  movable  ;  it  consists  of 
a  dorsal  surface,  the  pronotum,  consisting  normally  of  four  pieces, 
which  in  Coleoptera  are  never  distinct;  two  pairs  of  pieces  form- 


INTllODUCTIOV. 


iufj^  the  sides  of  the  under  surface  ;  and  a  middle  piece,  the  pro- 
tili'rnum,  between  aud  in  front  of  the  anterior  K'gs.  The  side 
pieces  are  best  seen  in  the  Carabidiu  ;  the  anterior  jiair  is  called 
the  episterna,  and  the  hind  pair  tlie  epimera.  Must  frecjuently 
the  sutures  between  these  pieces,  and  between  them  and  the  pro- 
notum  are  entirely  effaced,  so  that  the  dorsal  surface  and  the 
flanks  form  a  continuous  piece  ;  the  sutures  between  the  proster- 
nuin  and  the  flanks  arc  always  distinct,  and  are  called  prusternal 
autures.  The  cavities  in  which  are  inserted  the  anterior  legs  are 
called  anterior  coxal  cavities,  and  are  either  entire  when  they 
are  inclosed  behind  by  the  junction  of  the  prosternuin  and  the 
epimera,  or  open,  when  a  space  is  left  protected  only  by  mem- 
brane ;  they  are  separate  when  the  prosternuin  extends  between 
them,  or  conjlnent  when  the  prosternuni  is  not  visible  between 
them. 

For  strengthening  the  anterior  opening  of  the  prothorax  which 
receives  the  head,  one  pair  of  horny  plates  is  included  in  the 
membrane ;  they  are  called  antecoxal  plates,  and  are  usually 
invisible  without  breaking  the  insect ;  I  have  found  thom  very 
largely  developed  in  the  genus  Chaulioguathus  of  the  sub-family 
Telephoridae. 

The  second  segment  is  called  the  mesolhorax,  and  in  Coleoptera 
is  very  closely  united  with  the  third  segment  or  the  mclnHiorux, 
which  is  also  closely  connected  with  the  abdomen  ;  these  parts 
together  form  the  trunk,  or  main  body  of  the  insect. 

These  two  segments  support  on  the  inferior  surface  the  middle 
and  hind  legs,  and  at  the  sides  of  the  dorsal  surface  the  irimjs. 

The  dorsal  surfaces  of  these  two  thoracic  segments  are  covered 
by  the  elytra,  consequently  invisible  without  dissection  ;  they  arc 
called  mesonotum  and  metanotum,  and  consist  each  of  four  pieces, 
separated  by  sutures,  and  named,  commencing  with  the  anterior 
one  of  each  segment,  proscidum,  acutum,  sctUellitm,  and  pvxt- 
scutellum.  No  use  is  made  of  them  in  classification,  except  that 
the  small  triangular  piece,  usually  visible  between  the  elytra  at 
their  base,  is  sometimes  mentioned  under  the  name  scutellum. 

The  under  surfaces  consist  of  the  same  pieces  as  the  prothorax, 
viz  :  respectively,  mesosternum,  with  its  epimera  and  episterna, 
and  metasternum,  with  its  epimera  and  episterna;  those  pieces 
are  distinct,  except  that  rarely  the  epimera  and  episterna  of  the 
mesothorax  are  entirely  united  :  the  form  of  the  epimera  of  meso- 


1^ 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ill:, 


iji 


nil  t 


;  i! 


'  i) 


thorax  is  of  great  importance  in  classification,  according  as  they 
reacii  the  middle  coxte,  or  are  cut  ofl"  from  them  by  the  junction 
of  the  epistenia  with  tiie  metasternura.  The  epimera  of  the  ratta- 
thorax  arc  also  of  importance,  being  sometimes  visible,  sometimes 
covered  by  the  elytra. 


fJj.  t 


rsnr-B  spRFArE  of  nARPAirs  cAi.ioiTosrs. 
a.  Lfgula;  b.  ParagloHsie  ;  c.  •Supports  of  labial  palpi ;  ('.  Labial  palpas ;  e.  Mentutn; 
/.  Inner  lobe  of  maxilla;  /;.  outer  lobe  of  maxilla;  h.  Maxillary  palpus;  i.  Mandible; 
Jt.  Buccal  openiuif ;  I.  Gula  ^r  throat;  m,  m.  Buccal  guturCH  (ouglit  to  be  more  diKtinct)  ; 
n.  Gular  suture;  «.  Presternum;  p'.  Epigternum  of  prothorax;  2'-  Epimeron  of  protho- 
rax  ;  <j,  (j',  tj  '.  Coxaj ;  r,  r,  r.  Trochanters  ;  s,  «',  »''.  Femora  or  thighs ;  t,  t',  t".  Tibiie  ; 
V,  v",  I'',  &c.  Ventral  abdominal  soj-ments ;  w.  Episterna  of  mesothorax  (the  epimeron  is 
the  very  portion  immediately  beliind  It,  and  does  not  touch  q'  the  middle  coxa,  better 
represented  on  the  left  side  of  the  fi^rure)  ;  a-.  Mesostcruum ;  y.  Episterna  of  metathorax; 
y'.  Epimeron  of  metathorax ;  z.  Metasteruum. 


Mi  ;  ' 


INTRODUCTION. 


XVU 


8  they 

nctiou 

nifcia- 

etitues 


UPPRR  BCRFArR  OP  NECROPnORUB  AHERICAKCB. 

a.  Mandible;  b.  Maxillary  palpus;  c.  Labrum  ;  d.  Eplstoma;  e.  Antenna;  /  Front; 
g.  Vortex  ;  h.  Occiput :  i.  Necl<  ;  k.  Eye ;  /.  I'ronotum  (uauiilly  calloJ  protlmrax) ;  ni.  Ely- 
tron ;  n.  Winif ;  o.  Scutellum  (of  niesothorax) ;  }>.  Mctanotum  (or  dorsal  surface  of  nu-ta- 
thorax) ;  7.  Femur  or  thigli ;  r,  r^,  r',  &c.  Dorsal  abdominal  segments ;  #,  «',  *',  &c.  Spira- 
cles or  stigmata;  t,  t',  t".  Tibia;;  v.  Tibial  spurs;  to.  Tarsi. 


Mentum ; 

Maudiblu ; 
(  distinct)  ; 

of  protho- 
Tibije ; 
•pimeron  is 
oxa,  better 
letatUoraz ; 


Wings. — The  anterior  or  mcsothoracic  pair  of  wini^s  in  Cole- 
optera  arc  horny  plates,  called  chjtra,  and  vary  greatly  in  shape 
and  sculpture ;  faint  traces  of  nervures  are  seen  in  many  families 
in  three  or  four  lines  of  different  sculpture ;  they  usually  cover 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  abdomen,  but  in  many  genera  of  widely 
differing  families  are  very  much  -.horter  than  the  abdomen ;  the 
inflexed  portions  along  the  sides  are  called  epipleurm.  The 
elytra  are  not  entirely  wanting  in  any  species  of  our  fauna, 
though  in  cei'tain  foreign  genera  of  Lampyridaj  and  Scarabteidaj 
the  females  are  destitute  both  of  wings  and  elytra. 

The  posterior  or  mctathoracic  pair  of  wings  are  membranous, 
and  have  but  few  nerves ;  these  are  so  arranged  in  most  instances 


n^ 


;     . 


M 


ff 


m 


I 


iili 

'  i  1 

nil 

i 

1 

1 

; 

! 

i 

j 

.wiii 


INTRODUCTION. 


US  to  form  a  joint  near  the  extremity,  whereby  the  wing  can  bo 
luided  entirely  under  tlic  elytra;  in  some  genera  with  short  elytra 
the  wings  are  extended  straight  along  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  abdomen.  The  venation  is  subject  to  variation  in  diflertnt 
genera,  but  no  results  of  importance  for  classification  have  yet 
been  obtained  by  the  study  of  these  organs.  Fretiuently  they 
are  wanting,  in  which  case  the  elytra  are  usually  united  closely, 
or  connate. 

Legs. — The  first  joint  of  the  legs,  or  that  by  which  they  are 
attached  to  the  body,  is  called  the  coxa,  and  is  received  in  appro- 
priate cavities ;  the  anterior  coxal  cavities  are  surrounded  by  the 
l)rosternum  and  adjoining  pieces,  and  are  frequently  open  behind, 
and  rarely  in  such  cases  completed  by  the  close  apposition  of  the 
mesosternura. 

The  middle  coxje  are  surrounded  by  the  meso-  and  nietasternum, 
and  by  the  episterna  of  the  mesothorax;  when  these  last  do  not 
reach  the  metasternum  the  intervening  space  is  occupied  by  the 
inner  extremity  of  the  epimera  of  the  mesothorax,  which  are  then 
said  to  attain  the  cojoe. 

The  hind  coxie  are  placed  between  the  metastcrnum  and  the 
fir.st  segment  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  latter  extends  along  the  outer 
edge  anteriorly  so  as  to  reach  the  side  pieces  of  the  metathorax, 
though  frequently  this  junction  can  be  seen  only  on  raising  the 
elytra. 

The  form  of  the  coxse  is  of  the  greatest  importance  in  distin- 
guishing the  families. 

At  the  outer  extremity  of  the  anterior  coxaj  is  seen  in  some 
families  an  accessory  piece  called  a  irochantin;  when  the  protho- 
racic  breathing  pore,  or  stigma,  or  spiracle  is  visible,  it  is  in  the 
same  vicinity.  Still  more  rarely  the  middle  coxae  have  a  similar 
trochantin. 

At  the  extremity  of  the  coxaj  is  a  small  piece  called  the  tro- 
chanter;  it  varies  in  form,  being  usually  situated  in  the  axis  of 
the  thigh,  and  is  more  or  less  obliquely  cut  off;  in  many  families 
the  trochanters  of  the  hind  pair  are  quite  prominent  at  the  inner 
margin  of  the  thighs,  and  connected  with  them  only  at  the  base. 

The  first  long  piece  of  the  legs  is  called  the  thigh,  or  femur; 
following  it  is  the  tibia.  The  form  of  the  legs  varies  greatly  in 
different  families;  being  either  fitted  for  walking,  ambulatorial ; 


4 


INTRODUCTION.  01 

digging,  foasorial;  or  swiiniuiiig,  natatorial;  in  the  latter  form, 
tlio  hind  legs  assume  the  I'urm  of  ours  in  Dytiseidiu  and  aomo 
Ilydrophiliduj;  or  the  middle  and  hind  legs  become  hroud,  short, 
and  Hat,  ad  in  Oyrinidu).  At  the  extremity  of  the  tibiu)  are  two 
movable  spines,  called  tibial  sjiurs;  rarely,  one  of  those  is  absent, 
but  frequently  both  are  so  small  as  to  be  indistinct. 

Attached  to  the  til)iie  is  a  series  of  from  three  to  five  pieces, 
constituting  the  foot,  or  tamua;  the  last  joint  bears  two  claws, 
which,  by  a  very  rare  exception,  are  sometimes  wanting.  The 
genus  Phana'us  of  Sarabieidiu  and  the  family  of  Stylopiduj  are 
the  only  examples  in  our  fauna  in  which  this  is  the  case,  lietween 
the  claws  is  seen  in  many  species  a  small  appendage,  called 
onythiuiH,  which  usually  bears  at  its  extremity  two  bristles. 


ABDOMEN. 


The  portion  of  body  behind  the  metathorax  is  called  the  abdo- 
men, and  consists  of  a  series  of  rings,  the  normal  number  of 
which  is  nine,  though,  by  coalescence  and  disappearance,  this  num- 
ber is  not  visible  ;  these  rings  are  divided  into  two  portions ;  the 
dorsal  segments,  more  or  less  covered  by  the  elytra,  and  the  ven- 
tral segments,  visible  on  the  under  surface.  The  union  between 
these  takes  place  on  the  dorsal  surface,  and  is  by  membrane,  ex- 
cept in  the  last  two,  which  are  frequently  very  closely  united.    , 

The  breathing  pores,  or  spiracles,  are  situated  in  the  connect- 
ing membranes,  or  iu  the  upper  iuflexed  portions  of  the  ventral 
segments. 

The  ventral  segments  are  not  always  opposed  to  and  connected 
with  the  corresponding  dorsal  segments,  but  are  situated  difl'er- 
ently  in  different  fjfrailies,  though  no  use  is  made  of  these  differ- 
ences for  systematic  arrangement. 

The  anal  aperture  is  between  the  last  dorsal  and  ventral  seg- 
ments, and  above  it,  in  the  same  fissure,  is  situated  the  genital 
opening ;  each  side  of  this  are  horny  valves,  rarely  visible  exter- 
nally, but  sometimes  of  very  complex  structure  constituting  the 
genital  armature. 

The  last  dorsal  segment  is  called  the  pygidium,  and  the  penul- 
timate the  propygidium,  when  they  are  exposed  behind  the  elytra. 


•fs^mmm 


XX 


INTRODLCTION. 


OTHER  STRUCTURES. 

Besides  the  parts  of  tlio  body  above  described,  there  are  certain 
structures  uccasiunally  seen,  wliicli,  from  being  used  for  tlic  dis- 
crimination of  genera,  need  our  attention. 

Stridulating  organs,  or  organs  for  producing  sound,  exist  in 
various  families,  and  consist  of  finely  wrinkled  surfaces,  IVeiiucntly 
with  a  pearly  lustre  ;  the  sound  is  produced  by  friction  with  some 
other  part  in  the  neighborhood  of  these  stridulating  surfaces. 
The  situation  of  these  organs  is  inconstant ;  thus  among  the  Sca- 
rabteidtc  they  arc  found  in  Trox,  on  the  ascending  jjortion  of  the 
first  ventral  segments ;  in  Strategus,  on  the  propygidium,  and  in 
Ligyrus  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  elytra. 

Extensible  membranous  vesicles  are  observed  in  one  tribe  of 
the  family  Malachida) ;  there  are  two  pairs,  one  proceeding  from 
a  fissure  beneath  the  anterior  angles  of  the  prothora.v  ;  the  other 
pair  emerging  outside,  and  anterior  to  tho  hind  coxa3. 


!    ill 


The  above  sketch  of  the  external  anatomy  of  Coleopterous  in- 
sects contains  all  that  is  necessary  to  enable  the  student  to  com- 
prehend the  following  pages,  and  in  order  to  facilitate  the  deter- 
mination of  the  family  to  which  any  given  species  must  be  referred, 
I»will  now  attempt  to  display  the  relations,  partly  natural  and 
partly  empirical,  between  the  different  families  recognized  in  our 
fauna.  * 

This  synoptic  table  of  families  must,  in  the  present  state  of 
science,  be  to  a  considerable  extent  artificial,  for  it  is  unwise  to 
suppose  that  in  an  animal  which  passes  through  a  complete  meta- 
morphosis, all  the  highest  relations  and  analogies  can  be  exhi- 
bited in  any  single  phase  of  its  development.  And  although  the 
structure  of  the  perfect  insect  enables  us  to  refer  the  species  to 
its  proper  family,  yet  in  grouping  ihe  families  together,  some 
reference  must  be  had  to  the  characters  seen  in  the  development 
of  the  animal.  Such  information  is  at  present  too  vague  to  be 
of  service  in  the  higher  investigations  of  science,  and  for  this 

*  For  the  purpose  of  illustrating  to  the  student  modifications  of  structure 
used  in  the  tables  of  this  work,  1  add  the  following  wood-cuts  illustrating 


I 


INTnODI'CTUm. 


X.M 


reason,  althoogh  the  families  are  perfectly  defined,  tlic  attempts 
to  combine  them  into  higher  groups,  or  to  exhibit  their  relations 
to  each  other  by  characters  couunoii  to  several,  have  to  a  greot 
degree  failed. 


gHnerio  (liflferfiicex  in  tlie  family  Ciciiidelida',  and  iu  the  first  aud  uuuoud 
BubfaiuilieH  of  Carabids.  ^ 


CiCINDKMnA. 

1.  Head  of  CIclndpla;  2.  Maxilla  of  Cicliulcla;  3.  Mnntnm  of  Omn»;  4.  Meiitum  of 
Tt'tracha;  .V  MnatHm  of  Clplndcla;  6.  Aiitoniia  nf  do.  ;  7.  Abdomen  of  %  of  ilo.  ;  s.  I',i-te- 
riur  coxa  of  do.  ;  9.  Auterlor  tarHuit  of  Ouuk  (%);  10.  Auterlor  turHus  of  Ciciudela  (  %  ). 


CARAniB.B,  PIIIST  AXD  gECOSD  SrB-FA.tlll.IEB. 

1.  Extremity  of  antorior  til)ia  of  Carabii.s,  innor  fHci' ;  2.  Maxilla  of  Cychrus ;  3.  Hiiid 
of  C'yc'hrus  ;  4.  Head  of  Carabiis  ;  .'),  Anteuiia  and  part  of  head  of  Lorlccra ;  li.  Meutiiiii  i.f 
Carabim:  7.  Maxilla  of  do.;  8.  Under  mirfaco  PaKlniaihtis :  9.  Under  Burfacn  of  inoBo- 
aud  metathorax  of  Metrlun;  10.  Anterior  tibia  of  Metriim ;  11.  Under  mirface  of  meso-  aud 
inetathorax  of  I'byHoa;  12.  Antenna  of  raslinaolins ;  1.'!  Mentum  of  do.  ;  14.  Maxilla  of 
do;  15  Anterior  tibia  of  do.  ;  10.  Head  of  Promucoguathus;  17.  Mcutuia  of  I'scudom-.'r- 
pbu8,  sliowi&K  the  iudiBtluct  gular  buture. 


Ill 


—•itm 


,  t»i, 


ill  I 


i     i 


!(      i 


TABLE    OF    FAMILIES. 


§  Fenultimate  joint  of  tarsi  not  connate  with  the  last  joint ; 

f  Iliml  tarsi  with  the  sutnc  iiinnbcr  of  joints  as  the  miiidlu 
tarsi,*  which  are  5-jointed,  unless  utht-rwise  stated  : 


FirHt  ventral  Begmunt  TJHible  at  the  middle  and  Hidtiii ; 
First  ventral  Hegment  visible  only  at  the  aides ; 
2.  Legs  fitted  for  8winiiuing  ; 
LegH  fitted  for  running  ; 
Mesosternum  pointed  behind,  ntfaining  the  abdomen  ; 


4 

2 
8 


1.    CiriNDEMDiK. 

2.  Cakauiii/k. 

3.  Am'm'Aonia:. 

4.  DvTim'm;ii. 

5.    OyUISID/T!. 


Antennie  innerted  upon  the  front. 
Antennie  inserted  under  the  side  of  the  front. 
Mesosternum  not  attaining  the  abdoiuuu. 

3.  Eyes  two,  antenna)  slender. 
Eyes  four,  antenna)  short  irregular. 

4.  Dorsal  segments  of  the  abdomen  partly  membranous ;  0 
Dorsal  and  ventral  segments  entirely  corneous  ;  elytra  short ; 

Abdomen  Hexile,  ventral  segments  eight.  10.  StaphtliniD;*. 

Abdomen  not  flexile,  ventral  segments  five  or  six.    9.  Pselaphida:. 

5.  Antennce  not  having  a  lamtdlate  club,  or  legs  not  fossorial.  tj 
Outer  joints  of  antenna^  forming  a  lamellate  club ;  legs  fossorial ; 

Joints  of  the  club  fixed.  31.  Lucanid*. 

Joints  of  the  club  movable.  32.  ScARAUAiDiK. 

6.  Ventral  segments  free.  7 
Ventral  segments  five,  1 — 4  connate  ;  tarsi  4-jointed  j 

Antennie  regular,  legs  not  fossorial.  18.  Colydiid*. 

Antennae  irregular,  legs  fossorial.  30.  Hetekocerid*. 

Ventral  segments  1 — 3  connate  ;  tarsi  5-jointed,  not  lobed  beneath  ; 

Last  joint  of  tarsi  very  long.  29.  Pabmda, 

Last  joint  of  tarsi  moderate.  12.  Rhyssodid^. 

First   and  second  ventral   segments  connate  ;   antenna)  serrate ;    tarsi 
."i-jointed,  with  membranous  lobes  beneath  ; 

Anterior  coxae  small,  rounded.  33.  Bcprestida. 

*  Except  in  certain  males  in  Families  20  and  21,  and  one  genus  of  11. 
xxii 


TAULE  OV  FAMILIES. 


XXIlt 


4 
2 
8 


YUIMD^K- 


28.    GkoUY8B1I)A. 

45.  Ptimid^b.* 


Anterior  coxib  large,  trannTurHH.  38.  SciiiKoponiii*. 

7.  Anlt'iiiiif  niofi)  or  Icsh  xurrntu,  the  outer  Joints  frequently  enlurguJ,  but 

not  furniing  u  rogular  uiub.  12 

Antfiinie  cUvatw,  (HouiMtiuuts  very  nliglitly  80) ; 
TaiHi  H-jointfd ;  antHrlor  coxi-  cdiiiciil,  contiguoiin ;  onychlum  a  clubhetl 
lirUtlf,  wiiigx  fringed  with  long  liairs.       J3.  Tki(iii>i>tki(yiiiii.«. 
Onycliinm  not  diritiuut.  23.  Lathhiuuvm. 

T«n«i  4-joint«d ; 
I'roNternuin  membranoua. 
ProHlcrnuin  corneous ; 
First  ventral  seffinent  very  long. 
Fir^t  Ventral  Hegnient  not  elongated  ; 

Head  protected  by  tlie  hood-like  thorax.  40.  Cioin*. 

Head  not  covered  by  the  thorax.  25.  MTrKTopnAon>«. 

Tarsi  5-|ointfd ;  (except  in  certain  genera  of  FamilieH  10  and  7); 

Labial  ]>alpl  approximate  at  base  ;  8 

Labial  palpi  very  distant  at  base  ;  palpi  long.     6.  HyuuopuiliI)*. 

8.  Anterior  coxa'  large,  conical,  prominent,  cavities  open  behind.  9 
Antfrior  lox.e  conical,  cavities  coiitluent,  closed  behind.  10 
Anterior  coxje  rounded  or  oval,  not  prominent.  11 
Anterior  coxre  transverse,  not  prominent ; 

Hind  cox.-e  sulcate  behind  for  reception  of  thighs.       27.  RTRRHiiiiB. 
Hind  cox^  Hat ; 
Antennae  geniculate.  11.  Histbrid>«. 

Antenna)  straight; 

Tarsi  more  or  less  dilated,  first  joint  not  short,   l.").  Nitipi'lid^. 

•    Tarsi  not  dilated,  first  joint  short.  17.  THooosiTiniS. 

!>    Hind  cox.'P  sulcate  behind  for  reception  of  thiglis.       2f>.  DEHMKSTin*. 

Hind  coxie  not  prominent,  last  ventral  segment  long.  12.  ScApmniiDiii. 

Himl  coxie  somewhat  conical,  and  prominent,  not  sulcate  ; 
Tarsi  lobed  beneath.  25.  MYCETOPnAOiDiB.f 

Taisi  not  loV)ed  beneath  ; 
Eyes  finely  granulated  or  wanting. 
Eyes  coarsely  granulated.  8. 

10.  Hind  coxie  not  sulcate  behind,  simply  transverse. 
Hind  coxiB  concave  behind,  for  reception  of  thighs  ; 
Front  scarcely  margined.  22. 

Sides  of  the  front  broadly  dilated.  17. 


7.  SiLPiiin^. 

BcYBMJKNIDjK. 

24.  Otuniu)^. 


Derodontid-k. 
TnooosiTinj«4 


11.  Antennic  geniculate.  11.  Hibteuid«.§ 

Antennffi  straight ; 

Hind  coxaj  sulcate  hehind  for  reception  of  thighs.  34.  Turoscid«.|| 
Hind  coxtB  not  sulcate  beliind. 
First  and  fifth  ventral  segments  very  long.         10.  Monotomid*. 


'PRE8TID*. 


of  11. 


*  Sub-family  Lyctidae. 
t  Sub-family  Peltaaticidae. 
II  Tribe  Throscini. 


f  Sub-family  Diphyllidas. 
§  Sub-family  Murmidiidse. 


XXIV 


TABLE  OF  FAMILIES. 


[I       I 


! 


Fifth  ventral  segment  not  elongated  ; 
Hind  coxffi  more  or  less  distan,';  ventral  segments  aubeqnal; 
Epimera  reaching  the  middle  coxae,  which  are  distant  from 

anterior  ones.  20.  Cucujidvb. 

Epimera  not  reaching  the  middle  coxce,  which  are  close  to 
anterior  ones ; 
Anterior  coxal  cavities  open  behind.   21.  Chyptophaoid;IB. 


Anterior  coxal  cavities  closed. 
Hind  coxoD  flat ;  first  ventral  segment  longer. 

12.  Hind  coxie  uot  sulcate ; 
Hind  coxae  sulcate  for  reception  of  thighs ; 

Anterior  coxjb  transverse  or  conical. 
Anterior  coxae  globose ; 
Anterior  coxal  cavities  closed  by  mesosternum 
Anterior  coxal  cavities  open  belli  nd  ; 
Spurs  small,  ventral  segments  usually  five. 
Spurs  large,  ventral  segments  six. 

13.  Onychium  large,  hairy. 
Onychium  small  or  wanting ; 

Head  not  constricted  behind  ; 

Epimera  of  mesotborax  attaining  the  coxae. 

Epimera  of  mesotborax  not  attaining  the  coxae. 
Head  suddenly  constricted  behind. 

14.  Tarsi  with  membranous  lobes  ;  hind  coxfo  flat. 


Ekotylid*.* 

14.  Pualacbid;e. 

14 

18 

34.    THROSCID^E.f 

35.  Elaterib^s. 

36.  CEBRIONIDiB. 
37.    RlIIPICEBID^. 


39.  Dascyllid*. 

45.  PTiNiniK.t 

44.  cupesidjk. 

42.  Clekid^. 


.1 


Tarsi  not  lobed  beneath  ;  hind  coxae  more  or  less  prominent ; 

Anterior  coxa!  long,  without  trochantin.  43.  Lymexylidjb. 

Anterior  coxae  long,  with  distinct  trochantin; 

Ventral  segments  seven  or  eight.  40.  Lampyrid^. 

Ventral  segments  six  (rarely  apparently  five).  41.  Malaciiiid^b. 

Anterior  coxae  large,  rounded,  without  trochantin.     45.  rTiNiD.B.§ 

*  Sub-fr.mily  Encidfe.  f  Tribe  Lissomiui. 

i  Stib-faniilies  Ptinidau  and  Auobiidse. 
§  Sub-family  Bostrichidaj, 


J. 


TABLE  OF  FAMILIES. 


xxr 


2 
3 


47 


ft  Hind  tarsi*  with  a  less  number  of  joints  than  the  middle 
tarsi ;  4-jointed. 

Anterior  coxal  cavities  closed  behind. 
Anterior  coxal  cavities  open  behind. 

2.  Tarsal  claws  simple  ; 

Ventral  segments  five ; 
Penult,  joint  of  tarsi  not  spongy  beneath. 
Penult,  joint  of  tarsi  spongy  beneath. 
Ventral  segments  six. 
Tarsal  claws  pectinate. 

3.  Head  not  strongly  and  suddenly  constricted  behind. 
Head  strongly  constricted  at  base. 

4.  Middle  coxie  large,  conical ; 
Middle  coxre  not  very  prominent ;  head  horizontal ; 

Penultimate  joint  of  tarsi  cylindrical; 
Antennae  received  in  grooves. 
Antennw  free. 
Penult,  joint  of  tarsi  with  a  membranous  lobe. 
T).  Lateral  margin  of  prothorax  distinct. 
Lateral  margin  of  prothorax  wanting. 
(J.  Head  gradually  narrowed  behind  the  eyes. 
Head  suddenly  narrowed  behind  ; 
Lateral  suture  of  prothorax  wanting. 

Lateral  suture  of  prothorax  distinct;  base  as  wide  as  the  elvtra  • 
Antennse  filiform ;  "^       ' 

Hind  coxne  not  laminiform. 
Hind  coxae  laminiform. 
Antenna;  flabellate. 
7.  Tarsi  perfect  with  distinct  claws  ;  eyes  normal ; 
Prothorax  at  base  narrower  than  the  elytra  ; 
Hind  coxae  not  prominent. 
Hind  coxae  large,  prominent ; 
Claws  simple. 
Claws  cleft  or  toothed. 
Prothorax  at  base  as  wide  as  the  elytra. 
Tarsi  without  claws  ;  eyes  pedunculated. 


Tenedriomdae. 
50.  Laouiidae. 
48.  Aegialitidae. 
49.  Cisteliuae. 
4 
6 
6 


61.  monommidae. 

53.  Pytiiidab. 

54.  Myctekidae. 

52.  Melandkyidae. 

55.  Oedemeuidae. 

56.  Cepualoidae. 


52.    MELAXDUYIDAE.f 

57.    MoKI)KLI,IUAE. 

61.    RlIIPIl'HOIilDAE.t 


58.  Anthicidae. 


59.    PYEOCnHOIDAE. 

CO.  Meloidae. 

61.  ruipiphokidae. 

62.  Styloi'idae. 


*  Except  in  Stylopidae,  which  is  an  entirely  anomalous  family 
t  Tribe  Scraptiiui.  j  Tribe  Evanioceriui. 


fffl 


!    ! 


!     1 


1 


.  f 


mm 


i  1 

II 

1.    •''. 

J^ 


CLASSIFICATION 


OF  THB 


COLEOPTERA  OF  KOETH  AMERICA. 


Fam.  I.— cicindelidae. 

Men'tum  deeply  emarginate;  ligula  small,  concealed;  base 
of  labial  palpi  free. 

^laxilhe  with  the  outer  lobe  biarticulate,  the  inner  usually 
terminated  by  an  articulated  hook. 

Antennas  inserted  on  the  front,  above  the  base  of  the 
mandibles. 

Prothorax  with  the  epimera  and  episterna  distinct. 

Metasternum  pointed  behind,  reaching  the  abdomen. 

Abdomen  with  the  three  anterior  segments  connate- 
6-articulated  in  the  female,  usually  7-articuhited  in  the  male! 
_  Legs  slender,  formed  for  running;  posterior  coxa)  dilated 
internally,  not  reaching  the  margin  of  the  body;  tarsi 
o-jomted. 

The  species  composing  this  family  are  the  most  prcdaceous  of 
Colcoptcra,  and  in  some  of  them  activity  as  well  as  briliiauoy  of 
coloring  is  carried  to  its  greatest  perfection.  The  genera  fonnd 
in  the  United  States  are  all  terrestrial,  but  within  the  tropics  are 
many  wliich  alight  only  on  leaves  of  trees.  More  full  descriptions 
of  the  habits  will  be  given  below,  under  the  particular  groups. 

The  head  is  large;  the  mandibles  long  and  sharply  toothed ;  the 
raa.xilkc  have  two  lobes;  the  interior  is  armed  with  spines  on  its 
inner  margin,  and  in  our  genera  is  terminated  by  an  articulated 
hook,  wliich  is  wanting  in  some  foreign  genera ;  the  uientum  is 
large,  deeply  emarginate  with  the  lateral  angles  acute,  armed  in 
the  middle  with  a  large  acute  tooth,  and  is  separated  from  the  gula 
by  a  distinct  suture;  the  ligula  is  small,  hidden  under  the  mentum 
tooth;  the  base  of  the  labial  palpi  is  free  and  prominent,  appearing 
like  a  separate  joint. 
1 


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11 


2  COLEOPTERA  OF  NOnTII  AMEUICA. 

Tho  anlennre  are  inserted  upon  the  front,  above  the  mandibles; 
they  are  always  ll-jointud,  with  the  four  inferior  joints  glabrous 
and  polished,  the  others  pubescent;  they  are  usually  filiform,  rarely 
thickened  externally. 

Tiie  thorax  is  usually  cordate,  sometimes  cylindrical,  rarely  qua- 
drate; the  dorsal  surface  is  marked  by  an  anterior  and  posterior 
transverse  impression,  and  a  dorsal  line  connecting  the  two  trans- 
verse impressions;  the  lateral  margin  is  not  well  defined,  as  in 
most  of  the  genera  of  the  next  family;  the  prosternnin  is  narrow, 
not  produced  behind;  the  episterna  and  ejiimcra  are  distinctly 
defined  by  sutures,  and  tho  anterior  coxa)  are  globular,  with  the 
cotyloid  cavities  entire. 

The  raesosternura  is  obliquely  declivous,  deeply  emarginate 
behind  ;  the  epimera  and  episterna  are  sometimes  connate,  without 
suture,  and  sometimes  distinct;  in  the  latter  case  the  snturc  runs 
diagonally,  and  the  epimera  extend  to  the  middle  coxie,  which  are 
globular. 

The  mctasternum  is  pointed  in  front  and  behind,  reaching  tho 
middle  of  the  second  ventral  segment;  the  epimera  are  large  in 
the  winged  species,  small  in  the  apterou.^  ones;  the  episterna  are 
small,  and  frequently  indistinct.  The  posterior  coxa;  are  triangular, 
dilated  and  prominent  internally,  concave  behind  for  the  motion 
of  the  thighs;  they  do  not  e:itend  to  the  margin  of  the  body,  but 
are  inclosed  by  the  side  pieces  of  the  metathorax,  and  the  first 
ventral  segment. 

The  elytra  cover  the  body,  and  are  rounded  at  the  tip;  some- 
times they  are  connate,  and  sometimes  (as  in  Amblychila)  embrace 
widely  the  flanks  of  the  abdomen ;  the  wings  are  usually  well 
developed,  sometimes  wanting. 

The  legs  are  slender,  usually  long ;  the  tibite  have  two  distinct 
terminal  spurs;  the  tarsi  in  our  genera  are  filiform,  the  fir^^t  three 
joints  of  the  anterior  ones  of  the  male  usually  dilated,  and  densely 
clothed  with  hair  beneath.     The  claws  are  acute,  and  simple. 

The  abdomen  is  composed  in  the  female  of  six  ventral  segments ; 
in  the  male  the  sixth  segment  is  usually  deeply  emarginate,  and  a 
small  seventh  segment  is  thus  seen,  but  in  Amblychila  the  abdomen 
is  alike  in  both  sexes;  the  three  anterior  segments  are  closely  con- 
nate, the  first  is  visible  only  on  the  sides,  the  second  is  acute  in  the 
middle,  and  reaches  the  point  of  the  mctasternum;  the  others  arc 
movable.     The  dorsal  segments,  as  first  observed  by  Dr.  Schaum, 


^*«r 


-'i 


CTCINPELIDAE. 


8 


luliblcs; 
[rliihrous 
n,  rarely 

rely  q«'i- 
posterior 
vo  trans- 
id,  as  in 
i  narrow, 
distinctly 
with  the 

narginate 
t',  without 
ture  runs 
which  are 

idling  the 
e  large  in 
isterna  are 
triangular, 
he  motion 
body,  but 
il  the  first 

tip;  somc- 
I  embrace 
uully  well 

0  distinct 
irst  three 
nd  densely 
uijile. 
segments; 
late,  and  a 
le  abdomen 
;losely  con- 
icute  in  the 
others  arc 
-.  Schaum, 


M 


are  eight  in  the  male  and  seven  in  the  female,  the  seventh  in  the 
latter  sex  being  elongated  so  as  to  conceal  the  eighth. 

This  family  is  divided  by  Lacordaire  into  five  tribes,  of  whi'.h 
but  three  are  found  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States,  and  are 
distinguished  in  the  following  manner: — 

A.  Tliinl  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  longer  than  the  fourtli. 

First  joint  of  labial  palpi  very  short.  Maxticorisi. 

First  joint  of  labial  palpi  elongatml.  Mkoackpuamni. 

B.  Third  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  shorter  than  tho  fourth.      Ciciadelisi. 

Tribe  I.— MAXTICORIXI. 

The  species  of  this  tribe  are  apterous,  with  the  elytra  connate ; 
the  eyes  are  small,  and  in  this  respect  they  differ  from  all  other 
members  of  the  family;  the  first  joint  of  the  lal)ial  pnlpi  is  very 
short,  and  hardly  extends  beyond  the  cmargination  of  the  mentum. 

Tliese  insects  are  probably  cre])uscular  or  nocturnal  in  their 
habits.  I  am  informed  by  Dr.  AVm.  A.  IFammond,  that  speci- 
mens of  Amblyehila  were  found  by  him  running  aliout  in  the  early 
morning  of  cloudy  days.  The  only  specimens  of  Onms  found 
by  me  were  drowned  in  a  rain-pool  nenr  San  Francisco.  In 
Amblyehila  the  usual  dilTerences  between  the  sexes  fail ;  the  tarsi 
of  the  male  are  not  dilated,  and  the  abdomen  has  only  six  ventral 
segments.  In  Omus  the  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  are  widely 
dilated,  and  the  Tth  ventral  segment  is  distinct. 

Two  genera  of  this  tribe  are  found  in  our  country,  and  both  arc 
peculiar  to  it.  Amblyehila,  having  wide  epiplcura?,  occurs  in 
Kansas,  New  ^lexico,  and  probably  in  California.     (1  species.) 

Omus,  having  narrow  epipleura?,  is  found  in  California,  Oregon, 
and  Washington  Territory.     (3  species.) 

Tril)e  II.— !»IEf;AC  FPIIAMM. 

The  native  species  of  this  tribe  arc  but  two  in  number,  and 
belong  to  the  genus  Tetracha.  T.  ririjiin'ai  is  crepuscular  iu  its 
habits;   T.  Carolina  extends  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  I'acific  coast. 

Tribe  III.— CICIXDELiXI. 

Of  this  tribe  the  species  arc  very  numerous.  Those  of  our 
fauna  belong,  with  one  exception,  to  Cicindela,  and  many  of  them 
are  seen  on  roads  exposed  to  the  sun,  flying  actively  on  the  least 
alarm,  and  again  alighting  at  the  distance  of  a  few  paces.     The 


!!i, 


''!'"r 


^i^ 


4  COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

species  nre  more  nnmorous  in  the  temperate  anil  warm  regions  of 
the  country,  and  gradually  disap})car  towards  the  north,  until  iu 
the  latitude  of  Lake  Winnipeg  but  two  or  three  species  remain.* 
Our  species  all  belojig  to  the  genus  Cicindela.f 
The  larva;  of  Cicindida,  like  the  perfect  insects,  live  in  holes, 
which  they  excavate  with  their  juws  and  feet,  in  sandy  localities, 
using,  as  stated  by  Westwood,  their  broad  head  for  bringing  the 
particles  to  the  surface.  They  are  easily  procured  in  spring  by 
placing  a  fine  straw  down  the  hole,  when  the  larva  will  gradually 
push  it  out,  and  rising  to  the  surface,  may  be  captured.  They  are 
whitish  grubs,  with  a  large,  flat,  metallic-colored  head,  with  long 
toothed  mandibles;  the  prothoracic  segment  is  protected  above  by 
a  large,  lunate,  corneous  scute;  the  ninth  segment  has  two  dorsal 
hooks;  the  tarsi  are  terminated  by  two  claws.  They  lie  in  wait 
for  prey  at  the  mouth  of  the  burrow,  the  head  and  thorax  closing 
the  opening,  and  seize  with  the  long  mandibles  any  insect  which 
approaches  within  reach. 


Fam.  II.— CARABIDAE. 

Mentum  deeply  emarginate ;  ligula  more  or  less  promi- 
nent, usually  furnished  with  paraglosste. 

Maxillte  with  the  outer  lobe  palpiform,  usually  biarticulate, 
the  inner  usually  curved,  acute,  ciliate  with  spines. 

Antennae  inserted  behind  the  base  of  the  mandibles,  under 
a  frontal  ridge. 

Prothorax  with  the  epimera  and  episterna  usually  distinct. 

*  For  a  synopsis  of  the  native  species  of  Cicindela,  see  Transactions  of 
the  American  IMiilosophital  Society,  vol.  X[. 

f  While  this  slieet  is  ])assing  tlirougli  the  press,  Mr.  Ulke  has  kindly 
loaned  me  a  female  specimen  of  Drvmocliurus  J'ihitt'i  Guerin,  ■wliich  lie  h.TS 
recently  received.  It  has  not  the  third  joint  of  the  labial  palpi  any  thicker 
than  in  ordinary  Cicindehe,  but  dill'ers,  however,  by  the  wings  being  en- 
tirely wanting.  In  several  species  of  Cicindela.  the  wings  are  very  feeble, 
and  in  that  case  the  humeral  angles  of  the  elytra  are  not  distinct,  so  that 
the  form  of  Dromica  is  assunuMl.  I  am  disponed,  therefore,  to  consider  Jk 
Pilntci  as  constituting  merely  an  aberrant  gmup  of  Cicindela,  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  (,'.  dromicuides,  and  our  own  C.  celerijies.  It  is  a  black  insect, 
about  half  an  inch  long,  without  lustre.  The  eyes  are  moderately  large, 
and  tlie  front  is  scarcely  concave,  with  but  few  wrinkles.  The  elytra  are 
convex,  oval,  narrowed  in  front,  and  covered  with  not  very  deep  bluish 
punctures  ;  there  is  no  putural  spine,  and  the  apex  is  entirely  without  ser- 
rature.  The  tarsi  are  more  jjubescent  than  in  other  species.  The  labrum 
is  armed  with  three  acute  teeth.     It  is  found  in  Texas. 


il    i^'' 


f 


CARABIDAE.  O 

Metasternum  pointed  behind,  usually  meeting  the  second 
ventral  segment. 

Abdomen  with  the  three  anterior  segments  connate; 
usually  with  six,  rarely  (Brachinini)  with  seven  or  eight 
ventral  segments;  the  first  visible  otdy  at  the  sides. 

Legs  slender,  formed  for  running;  anterior  and  middle 
coxa3  globular,  posterior  dilated  internally,  not  attaining  the 
margin  of  the  abdomen  (exeept  iu  Traehypachini);  tarsi 
5-joiuted. 

One  of  the  most  numerous  families  of  Coleoptera,  and  generally 
predaceous  in  character,  althou<^h  some  species  of  Amara,  Zabrus, 
and  Ilarpul'is  also  use  vegetable  food.  The  larva  of  Omophron 
labiatum  is  also  very  destructive  to  young  corn  in  our  Southern 
States. 

The  characters  above  mentioned  being  almost  the  only  ones 
common  to  all  the  members  of  the  family,  it  will  be  unnecei^sary 
to  enter  into  a  detailed  description  of  the  different  parts  of  the 
body,  as  I  have  done  in  the  preceding  family. 

Numerous  efforts  have  been  made  to  indicate  a  rationnl  dis- 
tribution of  the  genera,  and  the  attempts  commenced  by  Latreille 
and  Bonelli,  and  successively  improved  by  the  suggestions  of  De- 
jean,  Eriehson,  SchiOdte,  Lacordaire,  and  myself,  have  fiiiully,  in 
the  expert  hands  of  Schaum,  assumed  a  form  in  which  probably 
permanent  results  have  been  attained. 

Following,  then,  the  suggestions  of  these  later  authors,  with 
still  further  modifications,  the  whole  family  may  be  divided  into 
three  series,  which  might  be  almost  termed  sub-families. 

Middle  coxtB  distant ; 

Epimera  of  tlie  mesothorax  reaching  the  coxse.  Carabid.'e. 

Epimera  of  tho  mesothorax  not  reaching  the  coxae.  Hakpalid.b. 

Middle  coxoe  contiguous.  Oz.ii.MDiB. 


Sub-Family  I— CARABIDAE  (gcnuini). 

Epimeraof  the  mesothorax  extending  to  the  coxa;;  mcsosternum 
broadly  separating  the  middle  coxa;. 

In  this  sub-family  are  contained  nearly  all  the  anomalous  forms  of 
Carabida;.  They  consequently  may  be  arranged  in  several  tribes, 
among  which  are  to  be  found  the  osculating  points  with  the  i)re- 
ceding  and  following  families,  as  well  as  the  direct  lines  of  affinity 
to  the  second  and  third  sub-families.  No  general  characters  ex- 
cept the  one  above  given  will  apply  to  all  of  them,  but  the  special 


"^^ 


i 


p 


(i» 


6 


COLEOPTEnA  OF  NOUTII  AMEHICA. 


characters  of  the  tribes  found  in  the  United  States  may  be  thus 
expressed: — 

•  rular  suture  distinct  in  nil  of  our  tribes. 

Autennio  insor'od  under  frontal  i)lates  ;  anterior  tibiao  palmate. 

VIII.  ScxniTixt. 
Antonnfo  with  tho  base  free  ;  anterior  tibia;  not  palmate.  2 

2  Mesosternuni  covered  ;  scutelluuj  wanting.  I.  Omopuiiosim. 
Mesosternum  visible  ;  scutellum  distinct.  3 

3  Anterior  coxnl  cavities  closed  behind  by  the  prosternum.  4 
Anterior  coxal  cavities  open  behind.  7 

4  Maxilhe  covered  at  the  base.  VII.  PuoiiECOflXATHisi. 
Maxilla)  exposed  at  the  base.  5 

5  Prosternum  produced  behind.  VI.  Mktriim. 
Prosternum  not  produced  behind  tho  coxne.  G 

6  AntenniB  ordinary  ;  anterior  tibia)  slightly  emarginate.   II   Elapiirisi. 
Antennae  verticillate,  basal  articulation  prominent ;  anterior  tibiie  strongly 

emarginate.  III.  Lokr'erim. 

7  Posterior  coxse  attaining  the  margin  of  the  body ;  mpsosternum  not  cari- 

nate.  IV.  TiucKYrAcniNi. 

Posterior  coxa)  normal ;  mesosternum  carinate  anteriorly.  V.  Cakabiki. 

Tribe  I.— OMOPIIUOXI^I. 

This  tribe  consists  of  bnt  a  single  genus,  remarkable  for  its 
round  convex  form  and  the  absence  of  scutellum. 

The  head  is  broad,  pointed  in  front;  the  labrum  flat,  the  man- 
dibles also  flattened  above ;  the  clypeal  suture  makes  an  angle 
between  the  antenna;;  the  latter  are  filiform,  with  the  four  basal 
joints  smooth.  The  palpi  are  filiform.  The  mentum  is  deeply 
emarginate,  toothed  in  the  middle,  with  the  gular  suture  distinct ; 
the  anterior  coxa)  are  surrounded  by  the  prosternum,  which  is 
broad,  and  prolonged  behind  so  as  to  cover  the  mesosternum;  the 
side  pieces  of  the  latter  are  very  transverse,  and  the  epirnera  reach 
inwards  to  the  coxal  cavity;  the  episterna  of  the  metathorax  are 
short  and  broad,  without  visible  epirnera.  The  striae  of  the  elytra 
are  beyond  the  usual  number;  in  our  species  there  are  fifteen, 
including  the  marginal.  The  anterior  tibiic  are  obliquely  suleate 
at  the  apex  internally,  one  spine  is  apical,  the  other  is  placed 
above  the  apex.  The  first  joint  of  the  anterior  and  middle  tarsi 
of  the  males  is  strongly  dilated  in  our  species,  and  covered  with 
hair  beneath. 

The  species  are  found  in  wet  sand,  near  the  margin  of  streams 
or  ponds;  two  are  found  on  the  Pacific,  four  on  the  Atlautic  slope 
of  the  continent. 


,.l!!i 


CARABIDAE. 


Tribe  II.— ELAPIIltlM. 


In  this  tribe,  as  restricted  by  i.ie,  tliere  are  but  two  genera,  both 
of  wliieli  are  rcj)rcsente(l  in  North  America.  Khiphrus  liaviiiff  tlio 
eyes  larjre  and  i)ronHnent,  and  the  elytra  witli  rows  of  larjre,  slial- 
low,  ocellate  fovea;;  IJlethisa  liaving  tlic  eyes  small,  the  elytra  with 
nine  dorsal  stria;,  with  a  few  scattered  fovea*. 

The  head  is  pointed  in  front;  the  clypeal  suture  straight;  trie 
autcnns  filiform,  with  four  glabrous  joints;  the  mentum  is  deej)ly 
emarginate,  with  a  bifid  tooth,  gular  suture  di.stiiict ;  the  anterior 
co.\a>  are  entirely  surrounded  by  the  prosteruum,  which  is  not  pro- 
longed behind.  The  mesosternum  is  declivous;  the  side  pieces  are 
diagonally  divided,  and  the  epimera  reach  the  coxa? ;  the  episterna 
of  the  metathorax  are  short  and  broad,  without  visible  epimera. 
The  wings  are  well  developed.  The  anterior  tibia;  are  obliquely 
sulcatc  at  the  apex  internally,  somewhat  cmarginate,  with  the  inner 
spur  considerably  above  the  apex;  the  anterior  tarsi  of  the  males 
have  three  or  four  joints  dilated,  and  covered  with  hairs  beneath, 
and  in  Blethisa  quadricoUis  the  anterior  thighs  of  the  same  sex 
are  armed  beneath  with  an  acute  tooth. 

Species  of  both  genera  arc  found  on  both  sides  of  the  continent. 
Elaphrus  has  considerable  resemblance  to  Cicindela  in  form  and 
habits,  and  is  found  running  on  mud-flats  near  .streams  or  pools. 
Blethisa  occurs  also  near  water  (usually  marshes),  under  stones. 

Tribe  III.— LORICERIXI. 

This  tribe  contains  two  genera,  of  which  but  one  is  found  in 
Xorth  America,  and  its  affinities  are  very  differently  represented 
by  authors.  By  most  of  them  it  is  placed  near  Panagieu.s,  the 
form  of  the  anterior  tibia;,  which  is  altogether  that  of  the  ordinary 
Carabida;  of  the  second  series,  being  considered  to  outweigh  the 
other  characters. 

From  all  other  Carabida;  the  species  of  the  present  tribe  difter 
in  having  the  antenme  inserted  so  as  to  expo.sc  the  globular  base 
of  the  first  joint;  the  latter  is  very  long;  four  joints  are  glabrous, 
and  the  2 — 6  are  furnished  with  long  diverging  bristles ;  the 
mandibles  are  flattened ;  the  base  of  the  maxilla;  is  very  promi- 
nent, and  armed,  as  in  Nebria,  with  long  bristles;  the  palpi  an; 
long  and  slender;  the  meutum  is  emarginate,  with  a  bifid  tooth 


iff 

Ill  ti;t 

■■   ■' 

I 

i;  ,..| 

I.; 
'i  ■ 


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II 


iPi. 


(.,,.; 


Mi;i: 


If' 

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i 

1 

t 

ill 

111' 


•ill 


8  COLEOPTEIIA  OP  NOBTII  AMERICA. 

and  distinct  gulur  suture.  Tlio  head  is  strongly  constricted  be- 
hind tlio  eyes  into  a  neciv;  the  clyi)eul  suture  is  transverse.  Tlio 
anterior  coxiv  are  entirely  enclosed,  and  the  iirosterninu  is  not  pro- 
longeil  behind;  the  niesosternuni  is  declivous,  the  side  pieces  arc 
diugunuily  divided,  and  the  epimcra  reach  the  coxiu;  the  episteruiv 
of  the  nietathorax  are  moderately  broad;  their  epimera  are  visilile 
in  tlic  Maderan  genus  Elliptosoma,  but  are  not  seen  in  Loricera. 
The  elytra  have  fourteen  striro,  and  a  few  impressed  foveie.  The 
anterior  tibia)  arc  very  slightly  thickened,  deeply  sulcate  and  emar- 
ginate  internally,  with  the  inner  spur  far  above  the  a))cx.  Tliree 
joints  of  the  anterior  tarsi  of  the  males  are  dilated,  covered  with  a 
brush  of  hairs  beneath. 

Several  species  are  found  near  the  Pacific  coast;  one  also  occurs 
in  Nova  Scotia  and  at  Lake  Superior,  which  does  not  appear  to 
differ  from  the  European  L.  pilicornis. 

Tribe  IV.— TRACHYPAtlllXI. 

This  tribe  is  represented  by  two  genera.  Trachypachys,  of  which 
one  species  is  found  in  Xorthern  Europe,  and  another  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  north  of  Columbia  River,  and  Sistolosoma,  found  in  Chile. 

It  differs  from  all  other  Carabidic  by  having  the  posterior  coxtc, 
though  not  unusual  in  size,  extended  to  the  margin  of  the  body, 
so  as  to  separate  the  side  pieces  of  the  raetathorax  from  the  first 
ventral  segment.  The  form  of  body  is  that  of  a  small  Ilarpalidc. 
The  head  is  rather  blunt,  the  eyes  not  prominent,  the  clypeal  suture 
transverse;  the  antennas  are  shining  and  glabrous,  having  only  a 
few  hairs  about  the  sides  of  the  outer  joints.  The  palpi  are  fili- 
form ;  the  mentum  deeply  emarginate,  with  bifid  tooth  and  gular 
suture  distinct;  the  anterior  coxa)  are  not  closed  behind;  the  i)ro- 
sternum  is  produced  behind  the  coxa;,  and  passes  over  the  mcso- 
sternum;  the  sutures  between  the  epimera  and  the  prosternum  are 
not  visible;  the  mesosternum  is  declivous,  not  carinate  in  front, 
though,  by  an  error  of  observation,  I  have  stated  in  the  Pacific 
Railroad  Reports  and  Explorations,  vol.  XL,  that  it  is  formed  as 
in  Js'otiophilus ;  the  side-pieces  are  diagonally  divided,  and  the 
epimera  reach  the  coxaj;  the  episterna  of  the  raetathorax  are  long 
and  narrow,  without  visible  epimera.  Elytra  with  stritB  composed 
of  small  punctures,  visible  only  near  the  suture.  The'  anterior 
tibia)  thickened  gradually,  and  armed  with  short  spines  externally, 
obliquely  sulcate  and  slightly  emarginate  internally  at  the  apex, 


> 


CARAniPAE. 


9 


with  the  inner  spnr  above  the  npcx;  anterior  tarsi  of  the  nmlo  witii 
two  joints  modenituly  (iilateii. 

Uy  tiiis  group  is  luuilc  u  transition  to  the  following  fuuiily,  Am- 
phizoicUi'. 


Tribe  v.— C'ARABIXI. 

A  nnmerons  tribe,  containing  some  of  the  largest  anil  most 
beautiful  species  of  the  family,  and  also  some  very  small  ones; 
they  agree  in  hal)its,  being  found  in  shady  situations  in  forests, 
under  stones  and  pieces  of  wood,  or  under  leaves.  They  also  agree 
in  the  following  characters: — 

The  prosternum  and  prothoraeic  side  pieces  do  not  entirely  sur- 
round the  anterior  coxib,  whereby  the  latter  are  in  part  i)rotected 
by  concavities  of  the  mesosternum,  which  is  carinate  at  the  middle 
anteriorly,  and  frequently  concave  beneath;  the  prosternum  (ex- 
cept in  Cychrus)  is  more  or  less  produced  behind  the  coxie,  so  as 
sometimes  almost  to  cover  the  mesosternum ;  the  anterior  tibiic 
arc  somewhat  grooved  internally  at  the  apex ;  the  spurs  are  either 
both  terminal,  or,  from  the  apex  being  obliquely  truncate,  the 
inner  one  is  above  the  apex. 

The  characters  in  this  group  arc  otherwise  quite  variable;  the 
labrum  is  emargiimtc,  toothed,  or  even  deeply  bilobed;  the  man- 
dibles are  sometimes  toothed,  sometimes  simple,  in  Cychrus  more 
elongate  than  usual;  the  maxiilio  of  the  same  genus  are  also 
much  prolonged;  the  palpi  are  sometimes  very  much  dilated;  the 
mcntum  is  deeply  emarginate,  with  the  gular  suture  di.stinct.  The 
clypco-frontal  suture  is  straight,  and  usually  distinct,  but  is  want- 
ing in  the  European  genus  Procerus.  The  antenna)  have  usually 
four  basal  smooth  joints,  but  in  Nomarctus  there  are  only  two. 

The  outer  joints  are  usually  entirely  pubescent,  but  in  certain 
species  of  Calosoma  are  so  only  at  the  margins. 

The  sutures  of  the  under  surface  of  the  prothorax  are  distinct, 
the  epiniera  project  along  the  posterior  part  of  the  coxie,  but  do 
not  reach  the  prosternum ;  the  coxal  cavity  is  thus  open  for  a 
greater  or  less  extent  at  the  liinder  part.  I  cannot  agree  with 
Schaum*  that  this  is  owing  to  a  simple  depression  of  this  hind 
margin;  and,  moreover,  the  fact  that  it  accompanies  the  carinate 
mesosternum  is  sufficient  to  mark  it  as  a  natural  character,  even 


*  Ins.  DeutscLL,  I.  60. 


|i||'iMi1'!> 

m 


iii 


!  9it; 


'i. 


fit 


W 


■  J 

f)iiiiiii 


'I  • 


I: ' 


I   , 


■If 


% 


WW 
!  ( 


4 ' 
k  1 


10 


COLEOPTEUA  OP  NOHTII  AMEllICA. 


lliough  it  should  separate  genera  so  similar  in  sculpture  as  Oi)i8- 
tiling  and  lliaphrus. 

The  sculpture  of  tlio  elytra  is  very  variable ;  sometimes  (\el)riii) 
the  striiu  have  the  normal  numher  (nine)i  usually,  however,  they 
are  more  numerous;  in  Notiophilns  the  inner  slriiu  are  sepamtL'd 
Irom  the  outer  ones  by  a  very  wide  smooth  space;  in  Opisihius 
the  sculpture  consists  of  rows  of  shallow  oeellate  fovea* ;  in  certain 
species  of  f'ychrus  and  Carabus  the  elytra  are  ornamented  with 
rows  of  tubercles. 

Our  genera  may  bo  thus  arranged  : — 

A.  Uoad  trinngular ;   prostornuui  prolonijed  bohind  the  anterior  cosas ; 

epipU'UiiD  narrow. 
a,  Mi'tituni  liidontiitt) ; 

Antt'rior  tibia)  obliquely  truncate.  Notiopimmtb. 

Antorlor  tibiao  with  both  Bpurs  torraiual ;  elytra  with  ocKllato 

fiivem.  Oi'isTiiiiM, 

Elytra  with  nine  strias,  the  outer  one  frequently  obliterated ; 

(inner  spur  of  anterior  til)ite  not  quite  terminal)  ; 
Mnxill.-e  arnu'il  beneath  with  l)ristles.  Ni;iiniA. 

Maxillro  artned  beneath  with  spines.  Lklstdh. 

h.  Montum  tooth  simple  (elytra  with  numerous  striie)  ; 

Tiiird  joint  of  antenna;  stroiiijly  eonipressed.  Calosoma. 

Third  joint  of  ai.tenna)  cylindrieal.  ('auaiics. 

B.  Head  elongate  ;  labrura  deeply  bilobed  ;  epipleurse  very  broad. 

Antenna'  with  two  glabrous  joints;  stria)  of  the  elytra  not  exceeding 
thirteen.  Nomakktus. 

Antenna)  %vith  four  glabrous  joints ;  strioB  of  the  elytra  numerous, 
sometimes  replaced  by  tubercles.  Cycuuus. 

Of  these  genera,  Opisthius  contains  a  single  species,  found  in 
Oregon  and  at  Mackenzie  River;  Leistus  one  species  from  Russian 
America,  and  is  also  found  in  Europe.  Nomaretus  is  conOued  to 
the  Atlantic  slope;  the  other  genera  are  widely  difl'used. 

Tribe  VI,— METRIIIVI. 

This  tribe  contains  but  a  single  Californian  species  {Metrins 
contractus  Ksch.),  of  singular  form,  found  under  stones  in  forests. 
The  head  somewhat  obtuse,  the  clypeal  suture  transverse,  the 
eyes  small,  not  prominent;  the  mandibles  are  trigonal,  concave 
externally,  as  in  most  Carabida);  the  antenna)  have  four  glabrous 
joints.  The  mcntnm  is  deeply  emarginate,  with  a  bifid  tooth; 
gular  suture  distinct;  palpi  moderately  stout.     Anterior  coxae  eu- 


If!'  t 


€ ' 


CARAIIIDAE. 


11 


;  ns  Opl«- 

I  (Nchria) 
L'vcr,  tlicy 
st'pariitt'il 
Opistliiiis 
ill  certuin 
;iitcd  wilh 


trior  cozn ; 


MOPllIMtS. 

ith  oci'llato 

)l'ISTIIIUf(. 

i}blitci'utod ; 

Ni:uniA. 
Lkistdh. 

/ALOPOMA. 

('akaiu's. 
t  exceeding 

)MAKKTI'!<. 
lUlIlHTOUS, 

Cyciiuuh. 

I,  found  in 
m  Russian 
•onfmed  to 


R  {Metritis 
in  forests. 
;verse,  the 
concave 
r  glabrous 
ful  tooth; 
r  coxa;  eu- 


tircly  rnolosod,  prostornum  prohjugcd  behind;  moso.stomnm  sinnli, 
deeply  depressed,  side  pieces  diagonally  divide  d,  epiiiiera  reaeliing 
tlie  cosu!;  inetustcrnuin  very  short,  side  pieces  liruad,  with  distinct 
opiineni.  Klytra  connate,  witli  very  faint  strin-,  tlie  oxternal  ones 
entirely  oliliterated.  Anterior  tihiie  gra<hially  tiiiekened,  hairy 
externally,  deeply  silicate  I'lid  einarginate  near  the  apex  internally, 
with  the  inner  spur  reinoto  from  the  ni)ex.  Middle  til)ia'  pul»es- 
ccnt;  posterior  tiliiic  piihcscent  internally.  Anterior  tarsi  of  the 
male  with  two  dilated  joints  densely  covered  heneath  with  hair. 

The  genr.s  Metrius  is  jilaced  Ity  Sehauin  in  the  preceding  tribe, 
which  ho  delines  as  liaving  the  niesosternuin  carinate  in  front. 
Such  is  not  the  case  with  this  genua,  which  it  therefore  becomes 
necessary  to  remove.  It  cannot  certainly  enter  any  other  tribe 
known  to  nic,  and  1  have  therefore  been  compelled  to  separate  it 
ud  distinct. 

Tribe  VII.— PRO.MEC'OfiXATIIIXI. 

This  tril)e  is  representctl  in  the  United  Slates  by  a  single  Cali- 
fornian  species  (Proitn'cnt/naihus  lurissiittus).  It  is  an  elongiite, 
shining  insect,  with  entirely  smooth  elytra,  and  long,  narrow  man- 
dibles. 

The  head  is  narrow,  with  the  eyes  small,  and  the  clypeal  suture 
transverse;  the  inandiljles  are  very  long,  slender,  and  decussating; 
the  labrum  is  bisinuate;  the  mcntum  is  very  transverse,  Glling  up 
the  fissure  usually  seen  each  side  of  the  gular  suture,  so  as  to  cover 
the  base  of  the  maxillos  (as  in  Scarites),  not  deeply  emarginate, 
with  a  large  medial  tootli;  gular  suture  distinct.  Four  joints  of 
the  anteniuu  are  smooth,  the  first  much  longer  and  stouter  than  the 
others;  the  remaining  joints  are  less  densely  pubescent  than  usual. 
The  anterior  co.xaj  are  entirely  enclosed;  the  prosternum  is  not 
produced  behind.  The  trunk  is  pedunculated  in  front.  Tlic 
mesosternum  is  declivous,  the  side  iiieces  diagonally  divided,  with 
the  epiraera  extending  to  the  coxic.  The  metasteriium  is  very 
short,  the  side  pieces  small,  without  visible  epimcra.  The  elytra 
are  connate,  without  dorsal  stria;,  and  the  marginal  stria  and  its 
jiunctures  are  very  close  to  the  margin.  Anterior  tiltia?  gradually 
thickened,  obliquely  sulcate  and  deeply  emarginate  internally,  with 
the  inner  spur  remote  from  the  apex.  Middle  tibia)  pubescent. 
The  tarsi  are  not  dilated  in  the  male. 

I  have  been  compelled  to  dilate  upon  this,  and  some  other  tribes 


r^'^1^ 


V    '"'' 

;.   ; 

jili    ■'■ 

11-' 

it  ' 

i 

l!i 


fiiip' 


ii .,..» 


■■Ip 


'III 


I 


m 


'#1 


M 

illlH 


12 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


represented  by  a  few  species  of  great  rarity,  beyond  what  is  to  be 
desired  in  an  elementary  work  liiie  the  present;  but  I  trust  it  inny 
not  be  without  profit  to  the  student,  for  upon  a  correct  appreciation 
of  the  respective  importance  of  tiie  characters  given  depends  the' 
rational  arrangement  of  the  entire  family  of  Carabidie;  the  tribes 
in  quest'on  are  precisely  those  of  the  most  anomalous  character, 
and  concerning  the  affinities  of  which  the  most  diverse  opinions 
have  been  expressed.  The  present  genus,  for  instance,  was  asso- 
ciated by  Chaudoir  with  Stomis,  with  which  it  has  no  character  in 
common,  except  the  elongate  mandibles;  Lacorduire  has  adopted 
the  group  Storaides  as  established  by  Chaudoir;  Schaum  has  placed 
the  present  genus  in  the  group  Broscida;,*  from  which,  however,  it 
departs  both  by  the  abse!;ce  of  the  epimera  of -the  nietathorax,  and 
by  the  epimera  of  the  niesothorax  reaching  the  coxic.  To  me  it 
seems  most  natural  to  consider  it  as  the  passage  from  the  jjrcceding 
to  the  following  tribes.  I  found  the  insect  under  stones  at  an 
eievatiou  of  2,500  to  3,000  feet,  near  Sau  Jose,  California. 

Tribe  VIII.— SCARITIXI. 

Readily  distinguished  from  all  other  tribes  of  this  snb-family  by 
the  anterior  tibiic  being  more  or  less  produced  at  the  apex,  and 
toothed,  giving  the  form  called  palmate,  and  by  the  abdomen  being 
pedunculate  anteriorly. 

The  head  is  pointcu  In  front,  fron?  e  mandibles  being  longer 
than  usual;  the  latter  are  sometimes  -  .ongly  toothed  internally, 
sometimes  slender  and  unarmed  (Ardistomis,  Aspidoglossa).  The 
eyes  are  small ;  the  edge  of  the  front  is  dilated  over  the  insertion 
of  the  antennaj,  the  base  of  which  is  capable  of  being  received  in  a 
hollow  extending  below  the  eyes;  two  basal  joints  and  the  base  of 
the  third  arc  glabrous;  the  first  joint  is  elongate  in  some  (8oarites, 
Pasimachus),  short  in  others.  The  mentum  affects  two  different 
forms;  when  the  first  joint  of  the  antennte  is  long,  the  base  of  the 
mentum  covers  the  base  of  the  maxilla;,  filling  the  fissure  each  side 
of  the  gular  suture;  when  the  basal  joint  of  the  antenna;  is  short, 
the  base  of  the  maxilUe  is  uncovered,  as  in  most  Carabidie :  the 
mentum  is  frequently  trilobed,  with  the  lateral  lobes  hardly  longer 
than  the  medial  one.     The  maxillie  sometimes  (I'asimachus)  have 


*  But  has  corrected  this  error  on  a  subsequent  page;  vide  Ins.  Deutschl., 
I,  773. 


CARA15IDAK. 


IS 


is  to  be 
t  it  may 
reeiation 
ends  the' 
lie  tribes 
liaraeter, 
opinions 
'as  asso- 
racter  in 
adopted 
us  placed 
wever,  it 
jrux,  and 
To  me  it 
)receding 
les  at  an 
a. 


family  by 
ipe.x,  and 
nen  being 


g  longer 

nternally, 
a).  Tlie 
insertion 
ived  in  a 

le  base  of 
Soarites, 
different 

ise  of  the 
each  side 
is  short, 

)idte :  the 
ly  longer 
lus)  have 

Deiitschl., 


the  inner  lobe  rounded  at  the  apex,  entirely  destitute  of  the  usual 
terminal  liook. 

Tlie  thorax  is  usually  much  narrowed  behind,  without  posterior 
angles,  the  chief  exception  being  in  I'asiinachus,  where  the  angles 
are  distinct;  the  margin  is  frcrpiently  obsolete;  the  posterior  coxie 
are  entirely  enclosed.  The  trunk  is  pedunculate  in  front,  the  nieso- 
sternum  declivous,  the  side  pieces  diagonally  divided,  with  the 
cpimera  reaching  the  coxa;;  the  side  pieces  of  the  metathorax  are 
sometimes  short,  without  epimera  (I'asiniachus),  sometimes  long, 
with  distinct  e{;imera.  The  anterior  tibiie  are  dilated,  produced 
at  the  apex,  and  frequently  toothed  externally;  they  are  deeply 
emarginate  internally,  with  the  inner  tooth  remote  from  the  apex. 
The  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  are  rarely  dilated. 

This  tribe  contains  two  groups,  as  follows : — 

Group  I. — Scarites. 

JJasal  joint  of  antenna;  very  long ;  base  of  maxilla;  covered. 

These  are  insects  of  moderate  or  large  size,  found  under  stones, 
or  {Pasimaclnts  elongatus  Lee.)  running  on  the  ground.  The 
genus  Pasimachus  is  confined  to  North  America;  most  of  the  spe- 
cies are  margined  with  blue. 

M.ixill.T  roundoil  at  tip;  hind  angles  of  thorax  distinct.        PAsiMAcncs. 
Maxillae  hooked ;  posterior  angles  of  thorax  none.  Scauites. 

Group  II.— Clivinae. 

Basal  joint  of  antenna;  not  elongated;  base  of  maxilla;  exposed. 
Species  of  small  size,  mostly  found  in  moist  places,  though  some 
occur  under  bark  of  trees. 


Ligula  not  prolonged  into  a  point. 
Ligula  prolonged. 
Lateral  lohes  of  the  montum  entire. 

Mandililes  slender,  prolongml  ;  clypeus  truncate. 
Mandibles  Hat,  acute  ;  clypeus  emarginate. 
JIandil)les  flat,  acute;   clypcus  not  emarginate. 
Lateral  lobes  of  the  mentum  emarginate. 


DYScmnius. 


Akdistomls. 
aspidoolossa. 

Cl.IVINA. 

ScnizofiKsiu.-!. 


In  Ardistomis  and  Aspidoglossa  the  anterior  tarsi  are  dilated, 
but  more  strongly  in  the  males  than  in  the  females.  These  two 
genera  do  not  occur  on  the  racilic  coast;  the  others  are  widely 
distributed.      Acephorus   Lee.   is  suppressed,  as  not  sufficiently 


f"'^ 

':  .4 

fit! 

>  • 


14 


COLEOITERA  OP.NOKTII  AMETIICA. 


distinct  from  Dyst-liirius.     Tlie  licad  in  Schizogciiius  is  remarkablj 
sculptured,  with  deep  longitudinal  grooves. 


t  .1-1  ■  ■ 


m 


Sub-Family  II.—OZ.ENIDAE. 

Mesosternum  very  narrow ;  middle  coxa)  contiguous. 

On  this  single  character  I  have  seimrated  ns  a  sub-family  two 
small  tribes.  They  diflfer  from  each  other  by  the  form  of  the  meso- 
thoracic  cpimera,  which  in  Ozienini  reach  the  ooxiu,  and  in  Pseu- 
domorphini  do  not.  Nevertheless,  these  groups  are  related,  and  the 
transition  is  clearly  shown  by  Physca  which,  with  all  the  essential 
characters  of  Ozajna,  has  the  dilated  frontal  plates  and  the  exca- 
vated femora  of  the  other  tribe. 

I  have  observed  certain  anomalies  in  the  form  of  the  eyes  in 
these  tribes,  which  I  do  not  find  in  other  Carabidic. 

In  Ozicna  the  eyes  are  truncated  behind,  and  in  Physea  even 
emarginated  by  the  inflated  portion  of  the  sides  of  the  head.  In 
I'seudomorphus  the  eyes  are  distinctly  angnlated  on  the  Outer 
margin,  where  they  arc  limited  by  the  corneous  under-surface  of 
the  head,  so  as  to  be  confined  entirely  to  the  upper  surface. 


iijliiiiiil;^'!! 


ijllliillllli 


Tribe  I.— OZ^XIXI. 

The  species  of  this  tribe  differ  from  all  the  preceding  genera  in 
having  the  mesosternum  very  narrow,  so  that  the  middle  coxtc  are 
almost  in  contact.  There  are  considerable  dilforenccs  in  other 
respects  between  the  two  genera  before  me,  neither  of  which  have 
yet  been  found  within  our  limits,  though  either  may  be  hereafter 
discovered  in  Texas. 

In  Oztcna  the  antenna^  arc  inserted  as  usual,  slightly  thickened 
externally,  with  four  basal  joints  more  smooth  than  the  rest;  the 
legs  are  not  compressed,  the  anterior  tibiic  deeply  cmarginalc 
internally,  with  the  upper  spur  represented  only  by  a  few  bristles; 
Ihe  raentum  is  broad,  with  the  middle  lobe  nearly  as  long  as  the 
lateral  portions;  the  gular  suture  not  very  evident. 

In  Physea  the  sides  of  the  front  arc  broadly  dilated,  and  the 
antennas  arc  inserted  under  these  plates;  the  nntennic  are  filiform, 
with  smooth  joints,  loosely  clothed  with  hair.  The  mentuin  is 
deeply  cmarginatc,  with  the  middle  tooth  moderate  in  size;  the 
gular  suture  not  very  evident.     The  legs  are  compressed,  with  the 


',    ! 


ttHHt! 


CARABIDAE. 


15 


mark  ably 


imily  two 
llie  incso- 
iu  rseu- 
(1,  and  the 
!  essential 
the  exca- 

e  eyes  in 


thighs  deeply  excavated  beneath;  the  anterior  tibiiw  are  but  slightly 
eniiirj^inate  internally;  the  upper  spur  is  a  single  bristle. 

In  all  the  genera  of  this  tribe  the  margin  of  the  elytra  at  the 
point  where  the  posterior  curvature  commences  is  interrupted  by 
nn  ol)li(pio  ridge  marked  with  a  furrow,  at  which  the  epipleura 
suddenly  ceases.  Dorsal  stria;  arc  wanting;  the  submarginal  ocol- 
latc  punctures  are  few,  and  not  distinct.  The  suture  between  the 
epiniera  and  episterna  of  the  prothorax  is  not  distinct.  The  side 
pieces  of  the  mesosternum  are  diagonally  divided,  and  the  eiiimeni 
reach  the  coxie;  the  side  pieces  of  the  metathorax  are  long  and 
very  Tiarrow,  with  the  epimera  larger  than  usual. 

The  species  of  Oziena,  as  noticed  by  Lacordairc,  eject  from  the 
extremity  of  the  abdomen,  with  explosive  force,  a  pungent  fluid,  in 
a  manner  similar  to  JJraehinus. 


ysea  even 
head.  In 
the  Outer 
surface  of 
ce. 


genera  in 
coxic  are 
in  other 
lich  have 
hereafter 

thickened 
rest;  the 
marginatc 
bristles; 
)ng  as  the 

,  and  the 
e  filiform, 
lentuia  is 

size;  the 
,  with  the 


Tribe  II.— PSEUDOMORPniXI. 

This  tribe,  of  which  most  of  the  species  are  found  in  Australia, 
has  but  a  single  representative  {Pseudumorphus  excntcians  Kirby. 
Drepanns  Lecontci  Dej.)  in  our  country;  it  is  one  of  the  rarest  of 
our  Culeoptera,  and  is  found  in  Georgia  and  Carolina. 

The  genera  of  this  group  are  among  the  most  anomalous  of  the 
family,  and  at  first  sight  would  not  be  considered  as  belonging  to 
it.  Our  species  has  almost  the  appearance  of  Ips;  other  genera 
resemble  Gyrinus  in  form. 

The  meiitum  is  entirely  connate  without  suture  with  the  gula,  a 
character  otherwise  found  in  only  one  tribe  of  the  first  sub-family 
(Siagonini),  foreign  to  North  America.  The  mesosternum  is  ex- 
tremely narrow,  as  in  Ozicnini,  so  that  the  middle  coxie  arc  in  con- 
tact; the  episterna  are  large,  the  epimera  very  small,  and  do  not 
reach  the  coxal  cavity;  the  episterna  of  the  metathorax  are  long, 
with  distinct  epimera. 

The  sides  of  the  front  are  dilated,  and  the  antenna;  are  inserted 
beneath  the  dilatation ;  three  basal  joints  are  smooth  in  our  species ; 
the  uientum  is  dee[)ly  emarginate,  without  gular  suture. 

The  legs  are  somewhat  compressed,  the  femora  are  deeply  exca- 
vated beneath;  the  anterior  tibia;  feebly  emarginate,  with  the  upper 
spur  remote  from  the  apex. 

The  anterior  coxie  are  very  narrowly  enclosed  behind,  and  the 
prosternum  is  somewhat  prolonged ;  the  sutures  between  the  pro- 


irlPF 

! 

:  ^     ■  ■ 

■•■    "t   , 

f)            ' 

\.:r  J 

ijlliliinii 


IM§i 


ifri!  ')'■:■;'' 


16 


COLEOPTEUA  OF  XORTII  AMERICA. 


m-"'' 


sternum  and  cpistcrna  arc  nearly  cITaced.  The  hind  coxa?  are 
small,  contiguous,  and  separate  tlie  metastcrnum  from  tlie  middle 
of  the  abdomen. 

Sub-Family  III.— HARPALIDAE. 

Epimera  of  the  raesothorax  not  extending  to  the  coxaj;  raeso- 
sternum  broadly  separating  the  middle  coxsu. 

In  this  sub-family  is  contained  the  greater  number  of  species  of 
Carabidfe.  But  few  striking  anomalies  exist  among  them,  and  the 
tribes,  with  few  exceptions,  are  connected  together  by  insensible 
modifications  of  structure,  so  that  all  attempts  to  isolate  them  dis- 
tinctly have  thus  far  proved  unsatisfactory. 

The  following  characters  are  useful  in  enabling  the  student  to 
recognize  genera  belonging  here  : — 

The  eyes  are  usually  present,  rarely  (Anophthalmus  and  Anil- 
lus)  wanting.  The  mentum  is  deeply  cmarginate,  sometimes  with, 
sometimes  without  a  medial  tooth;  the  gular  suture  is  always  dis- 
tinct, and  the  base  of  the  maxilla;  never  covered;  the  inner  lobe  of 
the  maxillffi  is  always  hooked,  the  outer  obe  biarticulate  (except 
in  the  European  genus  Callistus);  the  sutures  of  the  under  surface 
of  the  prothorax  are  always  distinct;  the  prosternum  rarely  is  pro- 
longed; the  anterior  coxae  entirely  enctosed.  The  mesosternum 
always  sejiaratcs  the  middle  coxa;,  is  declivous,  sometimes  concave; 
the  side  pieces  are  rarely  diagonally  divided,  usually  with  epimera 
very  narrow  and  posterior,  never  extending  to  the  coxte  (the  epi- 
mera and  episterna  are  entirely  connate,  without  suture,  in  tlie 
foreign  Graphi[)terini);  the  mesosternum  attains  the  fniddle  of  the 
second  ventral  segment  (except  in  the  foreign  tribe  Orthogonini, 
where  the  posterior  coxa;  are  contiguous,  and  separate  the  meta- 
stcrnum from  the  abdomen),  and  is  pointed  behind.  The  abdomen 
consists  of  six  ventral  segments,  except  in  the  tribe  Brachinini. 

The  anterior  tibia;  are  always  deeply  cmarginate  internally,  with 
the  upper  spur  remote  from  the  apex,  sometimes  slightly  prolonged 
at  the  apex;  the  tarsi  are  frequently  dilated  in  the  male,  differently 
in  different  groups  and  genera.  The  ungues  are  sometimes  serrate, 
but  more  frequently  simple. 

The  elytra  have  never  more  than  nine  dorsal  and  a  marginal  stria, 
adjacent  to  which  is  a  row  of  ocellate  punctures  (except  in  Pana- 
ga;ini);  there  is  also  usually  a  short  basal  stria  by  the  scutellum, 


m 


CARABIDAE. 


11 


coxoe  are 
he  uiitklle 


isn]  mcso- 


spccies  of 

n,  nrid  the 

insensible 

them  dis- 

student  to 

and  Anil- 
imes  with, 
.Iways  dis- 
icr  lobe  of 
te  (except 
ler  surface 
'ely  is  pro- 
sosternnm 
s concave; 
th  epimera 
e  (the  epi- 
ire,  in  the 
Idle  of  the 
'thogonini, 
the  uieta- 
c  abdomea 
chinini. 
nally,  with 
prolonged 
differently 
les  serrate, 

ginal  stria, 
it  in  Pana- 
scutellum. 


or  between  the  first  and  second  striaj ;  the  interval  between  the 
second  and  third  strite  is  usually  marked  with  one  or  more  deep 
punctures.  The  apex  of  the  elytra  is  truncate,  sinuate,  or  rounded. 
The  numerous  genera  found  in  the  United  States  indicate  the 
following  tribes,  which,  with  the  exception  of  the  first  four  and  the 
last,  are  separated  by  very  indistinct  and  indefinite  characters:— 

Abdomen  with  seven  (  9 )  or  eight  (  %  )  ventral  segments.   I.  Bbachiniki. 
Abdomen  witli  six  ventral  segments  in  both  sexes ; 

A.  Elytra  without  ooellato  punctures  (paragloss»  wanting). 

II.  PANA0.B1N1. 

B.  Elytra  with  ocellate  marginal  punctures  ; 

A.  Paraglossaj  wanting;  antenna;  much  compressed,  or  moniliform; 

anterior  tibiae  dilated ; 
Elytra  entire.  m.  Morionini. 

Elytra  truncate.  ly.  Helluonim. 

B.  Antennae  filiform,  or  nearly  so  ;  paraglossia  free  or  connate  ; 

a.  Head  with  a  slender  neck  ;  antennae  with  the  first  joint  elon- 

gate ;  elytra  truncate.  y.  DiivrTiKi. 

b.  Antennae  with  the  iirst  joint  not  elongate,  joints  1—3  glabrous  ;* 

Elytra  truncate  or  rounded ;  head  usually  with  a  slender 
neck;  lignla  free  at  the  apex.  VI.  Odacanthi.vi. 

Elytra  truncate ;  neck  either  indistinct  or  moderately  slen- 
der ;  ligula  not  free  at  the  apex.  VII.  Lediini. 

Elytra  obliquely  sinuate  ;  abdomen  not  pedunculated ; 
Anterior  tarsi  of  %  with  two  series  of  papillae. 

VIII.    PTEROSTICHIiri. 

Anterior  tarsi  of  %  densely  spongy-pubescent ; 
Labrum  emarginate  and  impressed.  IX.  LtcuMNi. 

Labrum  not  impressed.  x.  Chl^.mini! 

c.  Antennae  with  the  first  joint  not  elongate;  joints  1—4  glabrous; 

Elytra  rounded  ;  abdomen  pedunculated.        XI.  Broscini. 

d.  Antennae  with  the  first  joint  not  elongated,  third  joint  more"  or 

less  pubescent ; 
Anterior  tarsi  of  %  (?)  with  one  joint  dilated. 

XII.  STEsoMORPnmr. 
Anterior  and  middle  tarsi  of  %  with  four  joints  or  none 

•^'^^^'^'i-  XIII.  IIabpaliki. 

Anterior  tarsi  of  %  with  two  joints  obliquely  dilated ; 

Palpi  with  the  last  joint  cylindrical,  truncate. 

XIV.    PATBODINr. 

Palpi  with  the  last  joint  conical  acute.    XV.  Tkechini. 
Palpi  with  the  last  joint  small  subulate. 

XVI.  Bembiduni. 

*  Except  in  certain  foreign  species  of  Pterostichini,  and  in  Trechicus 
2 


^*w 


fll. 


lill 


18 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


iitlMitlllHl 


Tribe  I.— BRACHIIVIIVI. 

The  increased  number  of  ventral  segments  (seven  in  the  female, 
eight  in  the  male)  will  readily  distinguish  the  members  of  this  tribe. 
Additional  eliaracters  are :  The  paraglossa?  are  scarcely  longer 
than  tho  ligula;  the  elytra  are  truncate  at  tip,  and  shorter  than 
the  abdomen ;  the  anterior  tibioa  are  slender,  not  spinous  at  the  tip, 
and  the  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  have  three  slightly  dilated  joints, 
with  nquamiform  papilla)  on  the  under  surface.  Of  the  antennaj 
the  first  and  second  joints  arc  smoother  than  the  others,  but  not 
altogether  without  hair.  The  head  and  thorax  are  narrower  than 
the  elytra,  and  the  thorax  is  cordate. 

These  insects  are  found  in  damp  and  shady  places,  under  stones, 
K  .,  "0  remarkable  for  discharging,  in  an  explosive  manner, 

a  i:ui;,. .  ■       "  "■  secreted  by  anal  glands. 

Bui  out  -jLims,  Brachinus,  is  found  in  the  United  States.  The 
spcci".'?  are  numerous,  and  the  specific  characters  are  indistinct. 


The  J  A.        ve  r.  -' ■" 
bluish-grceu  elytra. 


h-yellow  head,  thorax,  and  legs,  and  blue  or 


W'm 


(    1,  .., 


00- 


Tribe  II.— PANAG^INI. 

Besides  the  absence  of  the  usual  ocellate  pnnctures  near  the 
margin  of  the  elytra,  the  following  characters  enable  this  tribe  to 
be  recognized;  the  ligula  is  short,  without  distinct  paraglossa;; 
the  last  joint  of  the  palpi  is  dilated  and  truncate;  the  elytra  are 
entire,  neither  truncate  nor  sinuate  at  the  tip;  the  anterior  tarsi  of 
the  male,  when  dilated,  are  spongy  beneath.  The  first  and  second 
joints  of  the  antennae  are  glabrous,  the  third  not  so,  although 
smoother  and  less  hairy  than  the  fourth.  The  mentum  is  toothed 
in  our  species,  and  smaller  than  usual.  The  thorax  is  constricted 
at  base,  and  the  abdomen  almost  pedunculated.  The  epiraera  of 
the  metathorax  are  not  very  distinct.  The  body  above  and  beneath 
is  coarsely  punctured  and  pilose. 

Two  genera  are  found  in  our  territory: — 

Iload  constricted  behind  the  eyes ;  mandibles  short,  acute.     Panao^ds. 
Head  not  constricted  behind ;  mandibles  thick,  obtuse.  Micrixvs. 

Of  the  first,  two  species  are  found  in  the  Atlantic  States.  Tho 
second  genus  is  known  only  by  one  species,  M.  dislinchts  Lee. 
{Panagceus  distinctiis  Hald.),  from  Jvew  Mexico.     The  genus  was 


CAUABIDAE. 


10 


us. 


the  female, 
'  this  tribe. 
;ely  longer 
lorter  than 
at  the  tip, 
atcd  joints, 
le  antenncc 
5rs,  but  not 
rower  than 

ider  stones, 
,ve  manner, 

tates.    The 

indistinct. 

lud  blue  or 


cs  near  the 
;his  tribe  to 
paragiossae; 
e  elytra  are 
rior  tarsi  of 

and  second 
o,  although 
11  is  toothed 

constricted 
!  cpiracra  of 
ind  beneath 


PanAGjEUS. 

MicuixYS. 

tales.  The 
ti actus  Lee. 
3  genus  was 


forraerlv  established  by  me  under  the  preoccupied  name  Eugnath 
but  afterwards*  changed. 

Tribe  III.— IWrORIONIIO. 

The  ligula  in  this  tribe  is  dilated,  and  without  paraglossro;  the 
anteniiffi  are  nioiiiliforra:  the  four  basal  joints  are  glabrous,  and 
even  the  outer  joints  are  less  pubescent  than  usual;  the  last  joint 
of  the  palpi  is  cylindrical,  truncate;  the  elytra  are  entire,  rounded 
at  tip,  with  the  usual  series  of  ocellate  punctures,  which,  however, 
diverge  from  the  margin  behind.  The  anterior  tibia)  are  com- 
pressed and  dilated,  and  the  tarsi  not  dilated  in  the  male.  The 
under  surface  of  the  head  behind  the  eyes  is  somewhat  sulcate,  for 
the  reception  of  the  antenna;;  the  parapleural  of  the  mesothorax 
are  very  short,  whereby,  as  well  as  by  the  form  of  the  anterior 
tibiic  and  ligula,  this  tribe  is  separated  from  the  Psydrini,  with 
which  it  has  been  confounded  by  many  authors. 

But  one  genus,  Morio,  is  represented  by  a  single  species,  M 
Georg^ce,  in  the   Southern   States.     The  head   is  suddenly  and 
slightly  constricted  behind.     It  is  commonly  found  under  bark 
and  is  an  elongate,  shining  black  Insect,  with  deeply  striate  elytra.' 

Tribe  IV.— HELLrOIVIIVI. 

The  ligula  in  this  tribe  is  without  paraglossa; ;  the  antenna)  are 
much  compressed  and  thickened  externally,  with  the  three  basal 
joints  smoother  than  the  others,  and  sparsely  hairy.  The  anterior 
tibia;  are  compressed  and  dilated,  the  anterior  tarsi  scarcely  dilated 
m  the  males.  The  elytra  arc  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  broadly 
rounded  and  almost  truncate  at  the  tip.  Tno  head  is  constricted 
behind,  forming  a  short  neck. 

_  From  Dryptiiii  this  tribe  is  distinguished  by  the  shorter  first 
joint  of  the  antenna^  the  broad  anterior  tibia),  and  the  li-ula  with- 
out paraglossa). 

One  genus  (Ilelluomorpha)  only  is  represented  in  the  fauna  of 
the  Atlantic  region  by  six  species;  the  labrum  is  large,  concealing 
the  mandibles,  and  the  antenna)  very  much  compressed.  The  spe- 
cies are  elongate,  hairy,  strongly  punctured,  browu  insects,  found 
under  stones  and  bark. 

*  Troc.  Acad.,  VII.  220. 


20 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


;.■>' 


I 'I 


Tribe  v.— DRYPTINI. 

The  lignla  is  here  furnished  with  distinct  pnraplossfP,  more  or 
less  free  at  the  apex;  the  antenna)  are  setnccous,  filiform,  or  even 
moniliforra,  tlic  first  joint  as  long  as  the  three  following,  and  thi- 
basal  joints  are  scarcely  less  hairy  than  the  others.  The  anterior 
tibiae  are  not  dilated,  and  not  spinous  at  the  tip.  The  anterior 
tarsi  have  three  moderately  dilated  joints,  with  squamiforra  papilla) 
beneath;  the  elytra  are  broadly  truncate  at  tip,  and  shorter  than 
the  abdomen.     The  head  is  con.stricted  behind,  forming  a  neck. 

The  species  are  hairy  and  densely  punctured  insects,  found  under 
bark  and  stones.  Galerita,  Thalpius,  and  Diaphorus  are  found  on 
both  sides  of  the  continent;  Zuphium,  thus  far,  only  in  the  southern 
province  of  the  Atlantic  district.  The  species  of  Galerita  have  red 
thorax  and  blue  or  black  elytra. 

Neck  slender; 

Antennae  setaceons.  Galekita. 

Antennse  filiform.  Zuphidm. 
Neck  large. 
Antennae  filiform;  third  joint  shorter  than  the  fourth  ;  tliorax  truncate 

at  base.  DiAnionrs. 

AntenniB  more  or  less  moniliform ;  joints  2 — 4  equal ;  tliorax  suljpedun- 

culate.  TuALPics. 

This  tribe  commences  a  series  so  closely  allied  as  to  be  with 
difficulty  defined.  The  essential  characters  of  this  tribe,  however, 
are  given  above,  and  the  combination  of  them  will  enable  its  mem- 
bers to  be  recognized,  although  individually  the  same  characters 
reappear  in  other  tribes. 


iljiiiji 


1    i  1'  .  i 

Tribe  VI.— ODACAMTHIIVI. 

The  ligula  with  distinct  paraglossa),  free  at  the  apex ;  the  an- 
tenna; are  filiform,  sometimes  with  three  basal  joints  nearly  glabrous, 
sometimes  with  only  one;  the  first  joint  is  more  elongated  than 
usual,  but  less  so  than  in  the  preceding  tribe.  The  palpi  are  acute 
at  the  apex.  Head  constricted  behind  into  a  neck,  which,  however, 
disappears  in  some  foreign  genera.  The  anterior  tibia)  are  not 
thickened  or  spinous  at  the  apex;  the  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male 
are  scarcely  dilated.  The  elytra  are  truncate  in  some  genera, 
rounded  and  entire  in  others.     According  to  the  form  of  the  head 


CARABTDAE. 


21 


?a3,  more  or 
rm,  or  even 
)g,  and  the 
'he  anterior 
'he  anterior 
)rra  papilla) 
horter  than 
',  a  neck, 
'ound  under 
re  found  on 
he  southern 
ta  have  red 


Galerita. 

ZUPHIUM. 

irax  truncate 
!)iArHOKrs. 
,x  subpedun- 

TUALPICS. 

to  be  with 
e,  however, 
lie  its  mem- 
characters 


;x;  the  an- 

ly  glabrous, 
gated  than 
[)i  are  acute 
h,  however, 
•iae  are  not 
3f  the  male 
me  genera, 
of  the  head 


and  thorax,  three  groups  may  be  formed,  which  are,  however, 
merged  together  by  certain  foreign  genera. 

Head  rhomboidal,  with  a  narrow  neck  ;  thorax  cylindrical.  Cabnoni.b. 
Head  rounded  ;  thorax  convex  cordate,  pedunculated.  Lacu-Nophori. 
Head  not  narrowed  behind  ;  thorax  flat,  ovate.  Euc^ri. 

Group  I.— CaanoniaB. 

The  large  rhomboidal  head,  narrow  thorax,  and  truncate  elytra, 
enable  this  group  to  be  known  at  first  sight.  We  have  in  it  the 
first  occurrence  of  bilobed  fourth  joint  of  tarsi,  and  (in  foreign 
genera)  of  serrate  ungues,  characters  recurring  afterwards  in  other 
tribes.  The  species  are  small,  and  found  under  stones;  Leptotra- 
chelus  also  on  plants.  They  fly  at  night,  and  are  attracted  by 
lamps  into  houses.  One  species  of  Casnonia  occurs  in  California, 
and  two  in  Atlantic  America;  one  Leptotrachelus  in  the  Atlantic 
region. 

Tarsi  filiform. 

Tarsi  with  fourth  joint  bilobed. 


Ca,snosia. 

LbPT0TBACU£L(7S. 


Group  II.— Lachnophorl. 


The  head  is  large  and  rounded;  the  thorax  small,  cordate,  con- 
vex, and  turned  into  a  peduncle  at  base.  The  elytra  broadly 
rounded  at  tip,  the  ungues  always  entire. 

The  species  are  small  insects,  living  in  the  mud  near  water- 
courses, and  are  gregarious.  One  species  of  each  genus  is  found 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  Atlantic  district,  and  another  in  the 
valley  of  the  Colorado  and  Gila.  Ega  is  remarkable  for  the  outer 
joints  of  the  antenna)  being  white,  and  the  elytra  with  several  deep 
grooves  extending  from  the  base  to  the  middle.  In  both  of  our 
genera  the  last  joint  of  the  palpi  is  ovoid,  and  sharply  acuminate 
at  the  apex. 

Head  strongly  contracted  behind.  Eoa. 

Head  slightly  contracted  behind.  Lachnophoros.' 

This  group  osculates  so  completely  with  the  Pterostichini  that 
no  distinctive  character  can  be  given,  except  that  the  three  basal 
joints  of  the  antenna;  are  not  entirely  glabrous.  But  no  doubt 
can  result  in  the  mind  of  the  student  of  our  fauna,  since  the  oscu- 
lant forms  are  all  foreign. 


\mim 


liil 

mm 


111  h!i;;;ir' 


22 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Group  III. — Eacaeri. 

This  group,  so  far  as  known  to  nic,  contains  but  a  sinplc  species, 
found  in  Louisiana,  Eiicerrns  varicorni's  Leo.,  a  small  brown  shin- 
ing insect,  of  the  form  of  Trechus,  but  with  the  elytra  truncate, 
and  the  outer  joints  of  the  antenna)  white.  I  formerly  placed  it  in 
Ilarpalini,  but  the  anterior  tibice  are  slender,  and  not  at  all  spinous. 
It  cannot  bo  i)laced  with  the  Lcbiini,  since  the  ligula  is  free  at  the 
apex  for  a  short  distance.  The  ])ubescence  of  the  antenna  extends 
upon  the  third  joint,  and  even  the  second  is  not  entirely  free  from 
it.  The  last  joint  of  the  palpi  is  oval  and  acuminate.  The  mcutum 
is  not  toothed, 

I  have  placed  it  in  the  present  tribe  for  want  of  a  more  conve- 
nient position.  It  is,  however,  an  osculant  form  which  is  ecpially 
out  of  place  in  any  tribe  here  defined.  The  basal  margin  of  the 
elytra  is  more  strongly  defined  than  in  any  of  the  other  genera 
having  truncate  elytra. 

Tribe  VII.— LEBIIIVI. 

The  ligula  in  this  tribe  has  the  paraglossa)  connate  to  the  apex, 
and  somewhat  variable  in  form.  The  maxillary  palpi  are  filiform, 
the  labial  sometimes  dilated.  The  antenna)  are  filiform,  with  three 
basal  glabrous  joints,  except  in  Trcchicus.  The  bead  is  sometimes 
constricted  behind  into  a  neck,  but  usually  not;  the  anterior  tibia) 
are  not  thickened  at  the  tip,  and  rarely  have  any  spines  at  the  apex. 
The  elytra  are  truncate  at  tip,  and  shorter  than  the  abdomen ; 
though  in  Tetragonoderus  they  are  obliquely  subsinuate,  almost 
as  in  certain  Pterostichini ;  the  margin  is  not  angulated  at  the  hu- 
meri, and  the  basal  margin  is  sometimes  wanting.  The  anterior  tarsi 
of  the  male  are  usually  but  slightly,  rarely  strongly  dilated,  with 
squamiform  papilla)  beneath.     The  ungues  are  frequently  serrate. 

Two  groups  may  be  formed  :— 

Labrnm  short,  mandibles  exposed.  Lebi;8. 

Labrum  large,  covering  in  great  part  the  mandibles.  Pericalli. 

Group  I.— Leblee. 

The  genera  of  this  group  form  three  sub-groups,  according  to 
the  form  of  the  mentum  and  head. 


Wl 


i 


CABAUIDAE. 


23 


10  species, 
own  sliiii- 

tnuicatc, 
liieed  it  in 

11  spinous, 
free  at  the 
jc  extends 

free  from 
le  uiGutum 

are  convc- 
is  eqimlly 
gin  of  the 
ler  geuera 


the  apcT, 
•e  filiform, 
with  three 
sometimes 
jrior  tibiic 

the  apex, 
abdomen ; 
te,  almost 
at  the  hu- 
erior  tarsi 
iited,  with 

serrate. 

Lebi;b. 
ebicalli. 


ording  to 


Sab-Oroup  1. — LEni<«  (gcnuinaj). 

TTcad  constricted  behind;  inentiim  not  distinctly  toothed,  cniar- 
pination  more  or  less  hlled  with  a  busul  nicmbraue;*  palpi  not 
diluted. 


Tarsi  dilated,  spongy  beneath; 

Thorax  truncate  at  base. 

Tliorax  pi'duiieulate. 
Tarsi  filiform ;  thorax  broader  behind,  truncate. 


PLocnioNns. 
Lkiiia. 

Nemotausits. 


Of  the  last  genus  one  species  is  found  in  the  Southern  and  West- 
ern States,  on  flowers.  The  Lebiae  are  found  mostly  on  flowers, 
the  I'lochioui  under  bark.     The  ungues  arc  serrate  iu  our  geuera. 

Sub-Oroup  2 . — D  r  o  h  1 1 . 

In  these  genera  the  head  is  not  narrowed  behind;  the  cmargina- 
tion  of  the  raentura  is  filled  with  a  basal  membrane  nearly  conceal- 
ing the  tooth,  when  it  exists;  the  jjalpi  are  usually  acuminate, 
though  the  labial  are  sometimes  thickened.  Each  genus,  except 
Trechicus,  which  is  confined  to  the  Southern  States,  has  repre- 
sentatives on  both  sides  of  the  continent.  The  tarsi  are  filiform 
in  all  of  our  genera.     The  species  are  found  under  stones. 

Middle  tibisB  with  small  spines  ;  ungues  simple  ; 

Palpi  witli  last  joiut  oval ;  third  joint  of  autonncTB  glabrous. 

TKinAOON'ODERCS. 

Palpi  with  last  joiut  conical ;  third  joint  of  anteunaj  pubescent. 

TliECUICUB. 

Middle  tibiaj  not  spinous  ; 
Labial  palpi  slender; 
Thorax  truncate  at  base  ; 
Mentum  not  toothed,  tinguos  serrate.  DROMiua. 

Mentum  slightly  toothed,  ungues  simple.  ApRisTtra. 

Thorax  slightly  lobed  at  the  base ;  ungues  more  or  less  toothed  ; 
Mentum  not  toothed.  BtEcnKtrs. 

Mentum  with  a  small  emarginate  tooth.  Metadletus. 

Labial  palpi  thick,  dilated ;  ungues  more  or  less  serrate.  AxisopALPns. 

The  species  of  Blechrus  and  Metabletus  are  very  small,  shining, 
black  insects,  and  were  confounded  together  by  mo  under  the  name 

*  This  basal  membrane  is  the  anterior  portion  of  the  mentum,  which  is 
rarely  seen  iu  Carabidae,  but  is  very  obvious  in  many  of  the  following 
families. 


Itp^ 


ll 


l;-i 


!i; 


IKI   ;i'i  '1     'i' 


24 


COLEOPTEBA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Tiomitis,  Trcchiciifl  wns  formerly  placed  by  mo  in  TInrpalini,  but 
tlic  punifjIossiL"  art'  coiiiiato  with  the  li>j:ula,  ami  tho  aiitorior  tibiiu 
are  not  at  all  tiiifkciic(l  or  spinous;  it  diflurs  fri)i  all  the  other 
genera  of  this  tril»c  known  to  ine  by  the  second  joint  of  the  nn- 
tennn;  being  e(pial  to  the  third,  which  is  j)ubescent,  and  the  eighth 
stria  of  the  elytra  anteriorly  confluent  with  the  ninth,  as  in  certain 
Ueuibidia.  The  elytra  arc  broadly  rounded  at  the  tip,  and  scarcely 
striate. 

Sub-Oronp  3. — Cr  mindbs. 

The  mcntura  tooth  is  large  and  distinct,  not  obscured  by  a  basal 
membrane;  the  head  is  not  constricted  behind;  the  labial  jialpi 
are  more  or  less  dilated  and  truncate,  and  the  maxillary  cylindrical, 
truncate;  the  fourth  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  triangular  or  bilobed. 

These  species  are  of  larger  size,  and  found  untler  stones  and 
bark;  some  species  of  CuUida  arc  also  found  on  flowers. 

Ungues  serrate ; 
Tliorax  Inliod  at  the  baso,  labial  palpi  thick.  Apeses. 

Tliorax  ximlulattHl  at  tlio  base,  laliial  palpi  thick.*  Glycia. 

Thorax  truncate  at  basn,  labial  palpi  moderate  ; 
Tarsi  with  the  fourth  joint  emaririnato  ; 

Labial  palpi  with  the  last  joint  dilated,  body  hairy.        Ctmisdis. 
Labial  palpi  with  the  last  joint  elongate,  body  glabrous. 

riNACODEHA. 

Tarsi  with  fourth  joint  bilobed,  bo<ly  glabrous.  Callida. 

Ungues  simple,  thorax  truncate  at  base.  Philotecusus. 

The  last  genus  is  confined  to  the  Pacific  coast;  Glycia  to  the 
central  district;  Cymindis  is  widely  distributed;  the  other  genera 
are  represented  only  in  the  Atlantic  district.  Tinacodera  is  estab- 
lished by  Schaum  upon  Cymindis  limhata  Dcj.  and  its  allies,  and 
differs  from  Cymindis  by  the  male  having  four  joints  of  the  ante- 
rior tarsi  dilated,  while  in  genuine  Cymindis  there  are  but  three. 
Apcnes  is  remarkable  for  the  depth  of  the  clypeal  suture. 

This  sub-group  osculates  very  closely  with  the  Platynus  group 
of  the  Pterostichini. 


i 

I. 

iil 

R 

h': 

till*  I 

\:m, 

1  ■;!  ■■..■'il^i: 

um 

1 

f 

*  Motschulsky  (Bull.  Mosc,  1859,  ii.  143)  has  proposed  a  genus  Philo- 
pluiga  for  Cymindis  virldis  Dej.  and  another  Californian  species.  It  is 
said  to  differ  from  Olycia  by  the  bilobed  fourth  tarsal  joint,  and  from  Cal- 
lida by  the  larger  lobes  of  the  mentum.  I  have  not  had  an  opportunity  of 
seeing  either  of  the  species  referred  to  by  the  author. 


■* 


4 


CARAIUDAK. 


Group  II.— Perloalll. 


25 


These  nro  distinpuislied  from  gciiulno  Lebire  by  tlic  hxrpcr  size 
of  tlie  lal)ruiii,  which  covers  in  prciit  part  or  entirely  tlic  nmndilik's. 
Tlio  imlpi  (iro  slciiiler,  niul  tho  tursi  iiiiforiu.  Two  Kciieru  iirc 
fuinid  in  tho  Atlantic  district: — 

Ilcftd  constrictfil  lichiml,  tliornx  pedunculate.  Uihimiuikkra. 

Head  not  uoustrictod  behind,  thorax  truncuto.  ('(ii-rouKiu. 

The  mcntiim  is  toothed  in  both;  in  the  second  genus  tho  ungues 
arc  serrate,  in  the  first  they  have  only  a  basal  dilatation. 
Didetus  Lee.  is  synouymous  with  Rhoinbodcru. 


13  group 


Tribe  VIII.— PTEROSTICIIIXI. 

T.ignla  free  at  the  extremity,  with  distinct  parnplossre  (except  in 
one  foreign  genus);  antenntn  with  three  glabrous  busul  joints,  the 
apex  of  the  third  rarely  pubescent  in  foreign  species.  Head  not 
contracted  into  a  neck,  though  sometimea  narrowed  '  iiind.  Elytra 
obliquely  sinuate  at  the  apex,  never  truncate;  the  iiasal  margin  is 
distinct  in  all  of  our  species,  and  forms  an  angle  at  the  humeri. 
Anterior  tibiaj  either  slender  and  scarcely  spinous,  or  thickened 
and  spinous  at  tip;  anterior  tarsi  of  tho  mulo  with  three  dilated 
joints  furnished  beneath  with  squamiforra  papilla". 

Scliaum  includes  in  this  tribe  genera  having  the  third  joint  of 
the  antenncB  partly  pubescent,  and  less  than  three  joints  of  the 
anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  dilated  (as  Stenomorphus,  Patrobus,  Ac). 
By  admitting  these,  however,  it  becomes  impossible  to  fix  distinct 
limits  to  the  tribe,  and  I  have  therefore  removed  these  heterogene- 
ous elements  to  form  other  tribes,  to  be  found  below.  According 
to  the  form  of  tho  anterior  tlbioe,  two  groups  may  be  formed  of 
our  genera: — 

Anterior  tibijo  slender,  dilated  joints  of  the  tarsi  narrow.  PlAttni. 

Anterior  tibia3  thickened  at  the  extremity,  dilated  joints  of  the  tarsi  tri- 
angular or  cordate.  Pteuobticui. 

Group  I.— Platyiil. 

T?y  the  slender  form  of  the  antennai  and  legs  this  group  osculates 
with  the  last  members  of  tho  first  group  of  Lebiini.  And  this 
resemblance  is  further  increased  by  the  occurrence  of  serrate  un- 
gues in  some  members  of  the  present  group. 


'M 


i  .■■!;. 


i  t  i»i 


■i.'-w  .''F' 


III 


■ni  . 


26 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I  have  combined  Pristodactyla  Dej.  with  Calathus,  and  Anchus 
Lee.  with  Platynus,  the  diflferences  becoming  evanescent  by  the 
comparison  of  many  species.  Colpodes  should  p'obably  not  bo 
separated  from  Platynus;*  the  characters  are  by  nj  means  distinct. 
The  species  are  quite  numerous,  and  found  under  stones,  mostly  ia 
moist  places. 

Our  genera,  as  thus  reduced,  are  as  follows : — 

Tooth  of  tlie  mentum  emarginate ;  ungues  more  or  leas  serrate. 

Calatuus. 
Tooth  of  the  mentum  entire ;  ungues  simple  ; 

Third  joint  of  the  antonnae  very  long.  Rhadinb. 

Third  joint  of  the  anteimrrf  moderate  ; 

Fourth  joint  of  the  taisi  emarginate,  with  long  apical  hairs,  at  least 

of  the  anterior  pair.  Colpodes. 

Fourth  joint  of  the  tarsi  nearly  entire.  Platynus. 

Mentum  without  any  tooth ;  ungues  simple.  Olistuopus. 

Group  II. — Fterostichl. 

The  anterior  tibite  are  gradually  thickened  towards  the  apex, 
and  armed  externally  with  small  spines.  The  ungues  are  always 
simple.  The  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  have  the  three  dilated 
joints  triangular  or  cordate,  sometimes  (Loxandrus)  obli.pie,  as  in 
Galerita.  The  characters  separating  the  genera  are  of  but  slight 
importance,  and  in  several  (Lophoglossus,  Ilolciophorus,  and  Lox- 
andrus) depend  upon  sexual  peculiarities  of  the  male.  Although 
the  species  of  Amara  would  never  be  confounded  with  Pterostichus 
by  a  practised  eye,  there  is  no  difference  capable  of  being  used  in 
a  synoptic  table  for  the  purpose  of  distinguishing  the  two  genera. 
For  this  reason  the  assemblage  of  characters  common  to  all  species 
of  Amara,  but  which  are  only  individually  present  in  some  species 
of  Pterostichus,  must  be  used.  They  are  given  below.  According 
to  the  latest  researches,  Poccilus  cannot  be  retained  separate  from 
Pterostichus. 

Mentum  tooth  emarginate,  last  joint  of  palpi  dilated.  Myas. 

Mentum  tootli  emarginate,  last  joint  of  palpi  cylindrical  (rarely  oval)  ; 
Episterna  of  metathorax  short ;  elytra  with  one  dorsal  puncture ;  pro- 
sternum  not  margined,  but  channelled.  Evakthrus. 


]■■>   ■     " 

J;  11'"* 


*  This  genus  is  called  Anchomenus  by  most  foreign  authors.  I  have 
detailed  in  other  places  the  reasons  which  induce  mo  to  retain  the  name 
here  adopted. 


CARABIOAE. 


2T 


and  Anchus 
3ent  by  the 
ibly  not  bo 
xns  distinct, 
s,  mostly  ia 


Calatuus. 

RnADINB. 

lairs,  at  least 
colpodes. 
Platynus. 

)listuopus. 


s  the  apex, 
;  are  always 
irce  dilated 
)li.|ue,  as  in 
■  but  slight 
a,  and  Lox- 

Although 
'terostichus 
ing  used  in 
wo  genera. 

all  species 
)rac  species 
According 
)arate  from 


Myas. 
y  oval)  ; 
iioture ;  pro- 

VAKTHUUS. 

)rs.     I  have 
in  the  uame 


Episterna  of  motathorax  variahle;  elytra  with  none  or  several  dorsal 
punctures  ;* 
Ligula  flat  or  slightly  convex  ;  presternum  not  channelled,  sometimes 

margined.  Ptekostichl's. 

Ligula  carinate ;  episterna  of  metathorax  elongate ;  prosternum  not 

margined  nor  channelled.  LoniooLoshius. 

Ligula  carinate  ;  episterna  of  metathorax  short ;  prosteruum  margined 
and  channelled.  HoLCioPHORrs. 

Mentum  tooth  obtuse,  scarcely  concave  ;  palpi  slender,  last  joint  cylin- 
drical ;  episterna  of  metathorax  elongate ;  elytra  with  one  dorsal 
puncture.  Losasdkus. 

Mentum  tooth  emarginate,  rarely  entire ;  head  not  at  all  narrowed  behind  ; 
labrum  slightly  emarginate ;  last  joint  of  palpi  slightly  oval ;  elytra 
without  dorsal  punctures.  Auaba. 

Tribe  IX.— LICIIVIWI. 

The  paraglossae  in  this  tribe  are  variable  in  form,  sometimes 
(Iiadister)  entirely  connate  with  the  ligula,  sometimes  (Diplochila, 
Dica;lus)  free  at  the  apex.  The  head  is  large  and  obtuse;  the 
labrum  is  emarginate,  and  deeply  impressed;  the  mandibles  are 
obtuse.  Three  basal  joints  of  the  antennae  are  smooth  (the  third 
is  slightly  hairy  in  some  species  of  Badister,but  not  rough  like  the 
following  joints).  The  anterior  tibiaj  are  somewhat  thickened  and 
spinous  at  the  tip;  the  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  have  three  (in 
some  foreign  genera  only  two)  joints  strongly  dilated,  covered 
beneath  with  a  dense  brush  of  hair.  The  elytra  are  slightly  and 
obliquely  sinuate  at  the  apex;  one  dorsal  puncture  is  seen  on  the 
third  interval.     The  body  is  never  hairy. 

In  our  genera  the  clypeus  is  divided  into  an  anterior  subcoria- 
ceous,  and  a  posterior  corneous  portion,  and  the  mentum  is  not 
toothed. 

Last  joint  of  palpi  oval ; 

Paraglossa;  connate  with  the  ligula,  and  longer  than  it.  BAmsTER. 

Ligula  free  at  the  apex.  DirLociiiLA. 

Last  joint  of  palpi  slightly  securiform.  Dica;lus. 

The  species  of  the  first  genus  are  small,  frequently  prettily  spot- 
ted insects,  found  under  stoues ;  they  are  rare,  and  occur  on  both 

*  Except  in  Pterostlchus  honestus  (Fer.  fastiilita  Dej.),  in  which  a  single 
dorsal  puncture  is  seen.  This  species  is, "however,  of  the  same  form  as  /'. 
adonis,  and  would  not  be  confounded  with  the  very  characteristic  forms  of 
any  of  the  groups  of  Evarthrus. 


ri|.'»jh:i  ..:,il 


iiiii'iiic, 


28 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


sides  of  the  continent.  Diplochila  {Remhtts  Latr.)  is  represented 
only  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  while  Dicifilus  is  confined  ex- 
clusively to  Eastern  North  America.  The  species  of  the  latter  are 
usually  large;  some  are  of  a  beautiful  violet  color,  and  in  all  of 
them  the  eighth  interval  is  carinated  from  the  base  for  at  least 
one-third  the  length.  They  are  found  under  stones  and  pieces  of 
wood,  and  are  more  numerous  in  the  Southern  States. 

Tribe  X.— CHLJENIINI. 

The  ligula  is  free  at  the  apex,  with  distinct  paraglossse;  the 
labrum  is  flat,  rarely  deeply  emarginate ;  the  mentum  strongly 
toothed  (except  in  Anomoglossus).  The  antennaB  have  three 
basal  joints  smooth  and  glabrous.  The  anterior  tibiae  are  scarcely 
thickened  externally,  and  but  slightly  spinous.  The  anterior  tarsi 
of  the  male  have  three  (rarely  four)  joints  dilated,  square  with 
rounded  angles,  and  covered  beneath  with  a  dense  brush  of  hair. 
The  elytra  are  regularly  rounded  behind,  and  not  sinuate;  the 
third  interval  has  a  single  puncture. 

The  systematic  difference  between  this  tribe  and  Pterostichini  is 
wholly  sexual,  yet  the  genera  may  be  easily  recognized,  since  the 
Chlajnii  are  densely  pubescent,  and  the  Oodes  have  the  ocellato 
punctures  of  the  elytra  very  near  the  margin,  and  the  eighth  and 
ninth  striae  confluent,  characters  not  found  among  the  Pterostichini. 

Two  groups  are  contained  in  this  tribe. 

* 

Group  I. — Chlaenii. 

Body  densely  pubescent,  outer  striae  of  the  elytra  normal. 

These  are  usually  prettily  colored  metallic  species,  found  under 
stones  and  pieces  of  wood  in  moist  or  shady  places ;  they  evolve 
a  strong  odor,  which  recalls  that  of  a  mixture  of  camphor  and 
creasote. 

Mentum  not  toothed ;  labrum  deeply  emarginate.  ANOuooLOSsn. 
Mentum  tooth  distinct,  emarginate  ; 

Last  joint  of  palpi  truncate.  CHLXNini. 

Last  joint  of  palpi  oval,  nearly  pointed.  Atranus. 

To  Anomoglossus  belongs,  besides  the  two  species  Chi.  emar- 
ginatus  and  Old.  pusillus,  upon  which  the  genus  was  founded  by 
Chaudoir,  also  Chi.  amcenus  Dej.  Of  these  genera,  Chlainius  alone 
is  represented  in  the  western  part  of  the  continent. 


t  ■  "      ', 

\- 

M.,      '    : 

liiii 

iiliiud,.' 

M 


CARABIDAE. 


29 


jpresentcd 
nfined  ex- 
latter  are 
i  in  all  of 
r  at  least 
1  pieces  of 


lossae;  the 
n  strongly 
liave  three 
re  scarcely 
terior  tarsi 
[juare  with 
sh  of  hair, 
nuate ;   the 

'ostichini  is 
1,  since  the 
he  ocellato 
eighth  and 
erostichini. 


'mal. 

jund  under 
hey  evolve 
uphor  and 

loaLOSSUi. 

ATRA5U8. 

Chi.  emar- 
bunded  by 
enius  alone 


Group  II. — Oodes. 

Body  glabrous,  usually  elliptical ;  eighth  and  ninth  stria;  of  the 
elytra  confluent,  ocellate  punctures  very  close  to  the  margin.  No 
species  has  yet  occurred  in  the  Pacific  district,  although  one  Oodes 
is  found  in  the  Gila  valley. 

Our  genera  are  thus  related : — 

All  the  tarsi  pubescent  beneath  (anterior  tarsi  %  with  four  dilated  joints). 

Lacqnocbefis. 
Posterior  tarsi  not  pubescent  beneath  ; 
Body  finely  punctulate  ;  anterior  tarsi  %  with  four  dilated  joints. 

Akatricuis. 
Body  above  smooth ;  anterior  tarsi  %  with  three  dilated  joints  ; 
Antennae  slender,  filiform.  Oodks. 

Antennae  stout,  compressed.  Evolknks. 

The  species  of  Oodes  have  been  divided  into  two  genera  by 
Chaudoir,  as  follows  :— 

Anterior  tarsi  %  with  the  first  joint  entirely  spongy  beneath.         Oodes. 
Anterior  tarsi  %  with  the  first  joint  spongy  only  at  the  tip.         Stesous. 

But  these  differences  seem  to  me  to  indicate  only  natural  groups 
of  species. 

Tribe  XL— BROSCIIVI. 

Ligula  connate  with  the  paraglossse,  which  are  Bometiraes  elon- 
gated. Antennaj  with  four  glabrous  basal  joints.  Elytra  entire; 
abdomen  connected  with  the  thorax  by  a  cylindrical  peduncle  (as 
in  Scaritini);  anterior  tibioe  slightly  enlarged  and  spinous  at  the 
tip.  Anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  are  dilated  in  a  variable  number 
of  joints,  clothed  beneath  sometimes  with  a  dense  brush  of  hair, 
sometimes  with  squamiform  papilla;;  in  some  genera  the  middle 
tarsi  arc  also  dilated  in  the  same  sex. 

Two  groups  may  be  indicated  in  this  tribe,  according  as  the 
posterior  angles  of  the  thorax  are  distinct  or  not. 

I 
Group  I. — BroBci. 

'Abdomen  strongly  pedunculated,  posterior  angles  of  thorax  in- 
distinct. 

This  group  is  represented  only  by  two  Russian  American  species 
of  Miscodera,  which  are  unknown  to  me.    The  genus  has  entirely 


■'*^v 


m 


i  • : !  -Il- 


30 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


the  form  of  Dyschirius  among  the  Scaritini;  three  joints  of  the 
anterior  tarsi  and  two  of  the  middle  tarsi  are  dilated  in  tlie  male, 
and  furnished  beneath  with  squamiform  papillae.  The  meutum  has 
a  distinct  tooth. 

Group  II. — Psydri. 

Abdomen  moderately  pedunculated;  posterior  angles  of  the  tho- 
rax distinct;  mentum  not  toothed. 

Two  genera  showing  a  tendency  to  revert  to  Morio  are  com- 
prised in  this  group.  They  differ,  however,  from  that  tribe  by  the 
not  compressed  anterior  tibias  and  distinct  paraglossae,  as  well  as  by 
the  large  epimera  of  the  mesothorax.  The  statement  of  Schaum, 
that  the  epimera  of  the  raetathorax  are  indistinct  in  thf  Morion ini 
(in  which  tribe  he  places  llaplochile),  I  do  not  And  cc  I'cct,  either 
of  the  genera  here  placed  or  of  Morio  itself. 

llaplochile  pygmcBa  has  a  remarkable  distribution,  being  found 
in  the  Atlantic  district  and  also  in  Oregon.  It  is  a  small,  brown, 
subcylindrical  insect,  which,  when  disturbed,  emits  a  very  powerful 
fetid  odor,  quite  disproportioned  to  the  size  of  the  animal.  I  have 
found  it  under  pieces  of  wood,  in  moist  places,  at  Lake  Superior. 
The  anterior  tarsi  are  scarcely  dilated  in  the  male. 

Eyes  extending  to  the  margin  of  the  oral  opening ;  body  convex. 

IlArl.OCHILB. 

Eyes  small,  rounded ;  body  depressed.  Psydecs. 


Tribe  XII.— sTE:yoiiiORpni]yi. 

The  ligula  is  free  at  the  apex,  with  distinct  paraglossfc;  the 
anteniiic  have  but  two  glabrous  joints.  The  last  joint  of  the  palpi 
is  cylindrical,  subtruncate.  The  mentum  is  deeply  emarginate,  not 
toothed.  The  anterior  tibiaj  are  thickened  and  slightly  spinous  at 
the  tip ;  the  first  joint  of  the  anterior  tarsi  is  broadly  dilated  in 
one  sex,  but  has  beneath  neither  squamiform  papilla?  nor  hairs;  in 
the  other  sex  it  is  not  dilated,  but  is  as  long  as  the  two  following. 
The  elytra  are  deeply  striate,  without  any  dorsal  punctures.  The 
epimera  of  the  mesothorax  are  very  short. 

The  species  are  few  in  number,  and  are  South  American,  with 
the  exception  of  the  two  which  are  found  in  our  territories.  Agao- 
soma  californicum  is  found  in  salt-marshes  in  California,  Stenomor- 
phus  riijipes  in  Texas.     They  arc  very  slender,  elongated  insects. 


"%tj 


m 


CARABIDAE. 


81 


nta  of  the 
I  the  male, 
.entum  has 


of  the  tho- 

»  are  com- 
ribe  by  the 
I  well  as  by 
)f  Schaum, 
Morionini 
i-ect,  either 

icing  found 
lall,  brown, 
ry  powerful 
nl.  I  have 
e  Superior. 


ex. 

vi'i-ocniLE. 

PSYDBDS. 


ossaj;  the 
the  palpi 

ginate,  not 

spinous  at 
dilated  ia 

ir  hairs;  in 
following. 

ures.     The 


riean,  with 
es.    Agao- 
Stcnomor' 
d  insects. 


Anterior  tibire  densely  fimbriate  internally,  with  long  hairs.     Aoaosoma. 
Anterior  tibiae  sparsely  jjubesueut  internally.  STESOJioKruus. 

The  relations  of  this  tribe  are  usually  considered  as  with  Ptero- 
stichini ;  but,  in  consequence  of  the  third  joiut  of  the  antenna)  being 
almost  entirely  covered  with  pubescence,  I  regard  it  as  closely  allied 
with  the  Ilarpalini,  and  cannot  help  suspecting  that  the  dilated  first 
joint  of  the  anterior  tarsi  may  be  a  female  rather  than  a  male  cha- 
racter, such  as  is  seen  in  Gynandropus,  &c,,  in  the  next  tribe.  In 
this  case  there  would  be  no  satisfactory  reason  for  considering  it 
as  a  distinct  tribe,  but  it  would  be  merged  into  the  next. 

Tribe  XIII.— HARPAOXI. 

The  ligula  in  this  tribe  is  free  at  the  apex,  with  distinct  para- 
glossa;.  The  antenna)  have  the  first  and  second  joints,  and  some- 
times one-half  of  the  third,  smooth  and  glabrous.  The  palpi  have 
the  last  joint  sometimes  cylindrical,  sometimes  acuminate.  The 
anterior  tibiie  are  more  or  less  thickened  and  spinous  towards  the 
apex,  sometimes  almost  palmated;  the  anterior  and  middle  tarsi 
have  frequently  four  joints  dilated  in  the  male,  and  clothed  beneath 
with  hairs  or  papilla);  in  other  genera  the  male  tarsi  are  not  at  all 
dilated;  the  first  joint  of  the  same  tarsi  in  the  female  is  sometimes 
dilated.  The  epimera  of  the  mesothorax  are  very  short;  the  elytra 
are  rounded  and  sinuate  at  the  apex,  sometimes  without,  but  usually 
with  a  single  dorsal  puncture,  rarely  with  three  series  of  punctures. 

Three  groups  may  be  formed  on  sexual  characters: — 

Anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  not  dilated.  Dapti. 

Anterior  and  middle  tarsi  of  the  male  dilated,  with  a  brush  of  hairs  be- 
neath. EURYTUICIII. 

Anterior  and  middle  tarsi  of  the  male  dilated,  with  squamiform  papilla 
beneath.  IlAErALi. 

Group  I.— Daptl. 

The  head  behind  the  eyes  is  larger  than  in  the  other  two  groups; 
the  legs  are  thicker  and  better  fitted  for  digging,  and  the  third 
joint  of  the  antenna)  has  a  smaller  portion  covered  with  puljcscence. 
Although  the  genera  may  individually  be  readily  recognized,  I  can 
give  no  other  characters  to  separate  the  group. 


f!"T"Tn^JWr 


83 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


h.   ..:  I.-' 


Anterior  tibiae  Bubpalmate  (elytra  with  three  series  of  dorsal  punctures). 

NOTHOI'US. 

Anterior  tibire  expanded  at  the  apex  (elytra  without  dorsal  punctures). 

Geopincs. 
Anterior  tibifc  normal  in  form ; 

Mentum  strongly  toothed ;  ' 

Apical  angles  of  the  joints  1 — 3  of  the  anterior  tarsi  prolonged  into 

spines  ;  hind  angles  of  thorax  rounded.  Mklasotcs. 

Apical  angles  of  the  joints  of  tho  anterior  tarsi  not  prolonged  ;  liind 
angles  of  tliorax  distinct.  Cbatacaktuus. 

Mentum  not  toothed ; 
Hind  tarsi  with  the  joints  1 — 4  equal ; 

Labrum  emargiuate.  CBATooxATnus. 

Labrum  not  emarginate.  Aoonoderits. 

Hind  tarsi  with  tho  joints  1—4  decreasing  in  length,  labrum  not  emar- 
ginate. DiSCODEBDS. 

These  genera  do  not  occur  on  the  Pacific  slope,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a  single  species  of  Agonoderus  found  in  California.  Mela- 
notus  has  been  found  in  Arizona.  Cratognathus  (including  Pio- 
soma  Lee.)  is  represented  by  two  species  from  Kansas  and  New 
Mexico.  Of  Nothopus  but  a  single  species  from  Kansas  is  known. 
Discoderus*  is  remarkable  for  its  resemblance  to  species  of  Ilar- 
palus  (group  Selenophorus),  and  has  three  rows  of  punctures  on 
the  elvtra ;  the  middle  tibioe  of  the  male  are  serrate  withiu. 


ii 


Group  II.— Eurytrichl. 

The  anterior  tarsi  are  strongly,  the  middle  tarsi  usually  strongly, 
sometimes  only  slightly,  dilated,  and  covered  beneath  with  a  dense 
brush  of  hair.  The  head  is  somewhat  narrowed  behind  the  eyes. 
The  first  joint  of  the  dilated  tarsi  of  the  male  is  more  or  less  nar- 
rower than  the  second. 

Ligula  dilated  at  tip  ;  mentum  not,  or  only  obsoletely,  toothed. 

Asisodacttlus. 
Ligula  not  dilated  at  tip,  truncate,  or  subtruncate ; 
Paraglossnc  narrow,  curved,  not  longer  than  the  ligula ; 

Mentum  not  toothed.  Xestoxotus. 

Mentum  toothed.  Si'OSGorcs. 

Paraglossa)  broad,  rounded,  longer  than  the  ligula; 
Mentum  not  toothed  (body  pubescent).  Amphapia. 

Mentum  toothed  Cbody  glabrous).  Eckytbicuus. 

*  Pangus  americanus  Motsch.  (Bull.  Mosc,  1859,  ii.  137),  from  Cali- 
fornia, seeing  to  belong  to  Discoderus.  The  genus  is  not,  however,  known 
to  me  as  occurring  west  of  the  Kooky  Mountains. 


OARABIDAK. 


88 


uiictures). 
jTiiorns. 
ctures). 
EOPisrs. 


longed  into 

XASOTCS. 

iged ;  liind 

.CASTUUS. 


lONATnns. 

3SODERr3. 

n  not  eiuar- 

;SCODEBUS. 

the  excep- 
lia.  Mela- 
uding  Pio- 
s  and  xsew 
3  is  known. 
ies  of  Ilar- 
inctures  on 
bin. 


|ly  strongly, 
ilh  a  dense 
d  the  eyes, 
or  less  nar- 


loDACTTHja. 


lESTOKOTCS. 

si'OSGorns. 

IAmphapia. 
luYTEicuns. 

I,  from  Cali- 
tever,  known 


Of  these  genera  only  the  first  is  represented  on  the  Pacific  const, 
and  there,  besides  the  normal  form,  is  found  a  group  of  species 
(Dichirus  Mann.),  having  the  body  clothed  with  long  hairs,  and 
the  intervals  between  the  striaj  of  the  elytra  marked  with  two  rows 
of  punctures;  in  them,  too,  the  middle  tarsi  of  the  male  are  scarcely 
dilated. 

Oroup  III. — Barpall. 

The  anterior  and  middle  tarsi  usually  strongly,  sometimes  only 
slightly  dilated,  clothed  beneath  with  two  rows  of  squaniiform  pa- 
pillae. The  head  is  usually  slightly  narrowed  behind  the  eyes.  I 
have  found  it  necessary  to  reduce  the  number  of  genera  indicated 
in  my  synoptical  table  of  this  group,*  an  undue  prominence  being 
there  given  to  the  form  of  the  ligula  and  paraglossoe. 

Mentum  not  toothed ;   anterior  tarsi  with  the  first  Joint  elongated  and 
dilated  in  the  female ; 
Elytra  with  three  rows  of  punctures.  Gynandkopcs. 

Elytra  with  a  single  dorsal  puncture.  GYHASDKoTAKsus.t 

Anterior  tarsi  of  the  female  not  dilated  ; 
Mentum  strongly  toothed.  Bbadtcelldb. 

Mentum  tooth  very  small,  or  none ; 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  slightly  elongated  ; 

Tliorax  subquadrate.  Harpalcs. 

Thorax  rounded.  Stesolophus. 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  preceding 

(thorax  flat,  subcordate,  with  prominent  hind  angles).   Philodes. 

Harpalus  includes  Selenophorus  Dej.,  which  consists  of  the  spe- 
cies having  three  rows  of  punctures  on  the  elytra.  Hairy  and 
punctured  ITarpali  (forming  the  division  Opho7ius)  are  not  repre- 
sented in  North  America.  There  is  no  special  difference  between 
Harpalus  and  Stenolophus,  except  the  smaller  size  and  rounded 
thorax  of  the  species  of  the  latter;  in  most  of  the  species  of 
Stenolophus  the  fourth  joint  of  the  dilated  tarsi  of  the  male  is 
deeply  bilobed,  and  the  palpi  are  acuminate;  but  among  the 
species  of  Harpalus  proper  there  is  much  variation  in  this  respect, 
as  well  as  in  the  length  of  the  first  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi. 

Philodes  contains  two  species,  Stenolophus  ulterninis  Lee. 
{Badister  testaceus  and  Aepus  testaceua  Lee),  having  three  rows  of 

*  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  x.  384. 

t  It  is  quite  possible  that  this  genus  will  be  found  to  belong  to  the  pre- 
ceding group.  • 

3 


mijWW 


N.j- 


hif! 


84 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


punctures  on  tbe  elytra,  and  the  Callfornian  S.  iener  Lcc,  without 
rows  of  punctures.  The  form  is  more  elongated  than  that  of  any 
true  Harpalus  or  Stenolophus,  and  the  last  joint  of  the  maxillary 
palpi,  besides  being  longer,  is  more  conical,  almost  forming  with 
the  preceding  a  fusiform  mass,  as  in  Trechus.  They  are  found  iu 
wet  places,  and  are  quite  rare. 


'"^'JlSti 


fil-  ■     ' 


HH 


j{fj|tl|({l*lii|;i 


Tribe  XIV.— POGOH'INI. 

The  lignla  is  free  at  the  apex,  with  distinct  paraglossfc;  the 
palpi  are  slender,  and  the  last  joint  is  nearly  cylindrical;  the  men- 
tum  tooth  is  distinct,  eraarginate  at  tip.  The  anterior  tibiic  are 
slightly  thickened,  with  a  few  apical  spines;  the  two  basal  joints  of 
the  anterior  tarsi  are  dilated  in  the  male,  with  two  rows  of  papillee 
beneath.  The  antennae  have  but  two  basal  joints  glabrous,  the 
third  is  elongated  and  pubescent.  The  head  has  deep  frontal  im- 
pressions, and  is  slightly  constricted  behind.  The  epimera  of  the 
mesothorax  are  short,  and  but  very  slightly  widened  externally. 

This  tribe  is  represented  in  our  fauna  by  the  genus  Patrobus 
alone;*  one  species,  P.  hiigicornis  Say,  is  found  commonly  under 
stones  in  the  Atlantic  region,  the  others  are  northern,  and  species 
are  found  on  both  sides  of  the  continent. 

The  position  of  these  insects  is  disputed  by  different  authors. 
Schaum,  the  latest  authority,  ranges  them  with  Pterostichini ;  but 
the  difference  in  the  number  of  dilated  tarsal  joints  in  the  male 
seems  to  warrant  their  separation,  and  indeed  almost  their  union 
with  the  next  tribe,  with  which  they  were  associated  by  Erichson. 
Tbe  pubescence  of  the  antennae  nearly  covers  the  third  joint,  a 
character  found  exceptionally  (according  to  Schaum)  in  the  tribe 
Pterostichini,  but  which  is  not  seen  in  any  of  the  species  in  our 
fauna. 

The  species  of  Patrobus  having  convex  thorax  have  the  eighth 
stria  of  the  elytra  confluent  with  the  margin  anteriorly ;  in  those 
with  flat  thorax  the  stria  is  separate  from  the  margin  for  its  whole 
length. 

Tribe  XV.— TRECHI^TI. 

In  this  tribe  the  ligula  has  eight  bristles,  and  is  free  at  the 
apex,  with  distinct  and  long  paraglossaj;  the  palpi  have  the  last 

*  Pogonus  mtnutus  Dej.  is  not  found  in  the  United  States,  as  stated  by  liim. 


f  i 


Jii^ 


ti. 


^nm 


■'M. 


CAR  ABIT)  AE. 


86 


,  without 
nt  of  any 
maxillary 
ningr  with 
;  found  iu 


osstc;  the 
,  the  nien- 
r  tibiie  are 
il  joints  of 
of  papilliB 
ibrous,  the 
frontal  im- 
icra  of  the 
ternally. 
s  Tatrobus 
lonly  under 
and  species 


it  authors, 
ichini;  but 
n  the  male 
their  union 
J  Erichson. 
ird  joint,  a 
in  the  tribe 
cies  in  our 

;  the  eighth 
y ;  in  those 
)r  its  whole 


"ree  at  the 
ive  the  last 

tated  hj  liim. 


ANOpnTiiALMra. 
Tkecucs. 


joint  acuminate,  not  shorter  than  the  penultimate  joint.  The  men- 
tura  is  toothed;  the  third  joint,  and  even  the  second  joint,  of  the 
antenniB  is  pubescent.  The  head  has  the  frontal  impressions  lono; 
and  deep,  curved  behind  the  eyes,  forming  a  slipht  posterior  con- 
striction. The  anterior  tibiae  are  cither  linear  (Anophthalmus)  or 
slightly  dilated,  not  spinous  at  the  tip.  The  anterior  tarsi  of  the 
male  have  two  somewhat  obliquely  dilated  joints,  furnished  beneath 
with  squamiforra  papilliB.  The  epiiuera  of  the  raesotliorax  are 
short,  and  somewhat  triangular.  The  elytra  arc  rounded  at  the 
apex,  with  the  eighth  stria  anteriorly  confluent  with  the  margin, 
and  most  frequently  interrupted  at  the  middle. 

Two  genera  are  represented  in  our  fauna;  both  have  the  flrst 
stria  of  the  elytra  recurved  at  the  apex. 

Eyes  wanting  ;  anterior  tilii.'e  linear. 

Eyes  large ;  anterior  tibiae  slightly  thickened. 

Anoplithalmvs  TeUkompfi  is  found  in  the  Mammoth  Cave, 
Kentucky;  other  species  will  be  found  in  our  other  caves,  when 
scientific  zeal  shall  cause  them  to  be  proj)erly  explored.  Trcchus 
is  found  on  both  sides  of  the  continent,  but  only  in  northern 
regions.  The  European  T.  ruhens  has  recently  been  found  by 
Mr.  ir.  Ulkc  in  Nova  Scotia.     Trechns  includes  Epuphins. 

I  formerly  placed  Tacliys  in  this  tribe;  by  the  definitions  here 
given  it  belongs  more  properly  to  the  next;  but  with  the  European 
genus  Perileptus  Schuum  there  is  a  very  close  osculation  between 
the  two  tribes. 

Tribe  XVI.— BE^IBIDIIIVI. 

The  ligula  hns  but  two  bristles  at  the  apex,  which  is  free  for  a 
very  short  distance;  the  paraglossoe  are  distinct,  scarcely  longer 
than  the  ligula;  the  penultimate  joint  of  the  palpi  is  obconical, 
and  the  last  joint  much  narrower  and  shorter,  so  as  to  be  subulate. 
The  mentum  is  strongly  toothed,  and  the  tooth  is  usually  emar- 
ginate.  The  two  basal  joints  of  the  antenna)  are  glabrous,  the 
third  is  pubescent.  The  form  of  the  head  and  frontal  impressions 
are  variable.  The  anterior  tibia?  are  slightly  spinous  at  tip,  either 
squarely  truncate  as  usual,  or  slightly  dilated  and  obliquely  trun- 
cate, with  the  outer  angle  a  little  prominent.  The  anterior  tarsi 
of  the  male  are  usually  somewhat  obliquely  dilated  in  the  first  and 
second  joints,  the  first  being  much  larger  than  the  second,  but  in 


ii'lin'^?^ 


1    -i'tS:!!" 


• .  'l  ' 


5*'*.  Mi^    '■  I 


'liM 


u 


COLEOPTEBA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Anillus,  Pcricompsus,  and  certain  Tachys  tbe  tarsi  of  the  male  are 
uot  at  all  dilated.  The  c|)imera  of  tbe  me8otboraz  are  more  or 
less  triangular.  The  elytra  are  entire,  and  rounded  at  tip,  with 
the  eighth  stria  usually  confluent  anteriorly,  or  nearly  so,  with 
the  margin  sometimes  widely  interrupted,  but  usually  entire. 

Like  the  other  genera  of  Carabida9  containing  very  numerous 
species,  Berabidium  consists  of  groups  of  species  differing  greatly 
in  form,  and  even  in  the  structure  of  tbe  parts  of  tbe  mouth;  but 
tbe  characters  being  evanescent,  cannot  be  used  for  tbe  definition 
of  genera. 

Our  genera  are  as  follows: — 

Eyes  wanting.  Anillds. 

Eyes  small,  Hat.  LYMNiKUU. 

Eyes  large  or  moderate,  convex  ; 
Anterior  tibiffl  not  dilated  at  tlie  apex ;  elytra  with  scutellar  stria ;  sntural 

stria  not  recurved  at  the  apex.  Bembidium. 

Anterior  tibiic  slightly  dilated  and  obliquely  truncate  at  the  apex ;  elytra 
without  scutellar  stria  ;  sutural  striaa  recurved  at  the  apex  ; 

Elytra  with  the  eighth  stria  interrupted  or  less  deep  at  the  middle. 

Tacuts. 

Elytra  with  eighth  stria  very  deep.  Pekicompsds. 

Of  Anillus  and  Lymnteum  but  single  Californian  species  have 
yet  been  found ;  tbe  other  genera  are  widely  diffused.  Blemiis 
cEtiescens  Lee.  must  be  placed  in  Tachys,  the  smaller  propor- 
tional size  of  tbe  third  joint  of  the  autcnme  uot  being  sufficient 
for  generic  separation. 


Fam.  III.— AMTHIZOIDAE. 

Mentum  deeply  emarginate,  with  a  medial  tooth ;  lobes 
obtusely  rounded;  ligula  large,  quadrate,  corneous;  gular 
fiuture  none. 

Maxillae  with  the  outer  lobe  narrow,  glabrous,  palpiform, 
but  not  biarticulate;  the  inner  lobe  curved,  acute  at  the  apex, 
sparsely  ciliate,  with  spines  internally. 

Antennae  inserted  under  the  front,  behind  the  base  of  the 
mandibles ;  entirely  glabrous,  polished. 

Prothorax  with  the  epimera  and  episterna  moderately 
distinct;  prosternum  produced  behind  over  the  mesosternum. 

Metasteruum  truncate  behind,  not  reaching  the  abdomen. 


.:^ 


'•1^ 


AMPHI7,0TT»AB. 


87 


5  male  are 
e  inoro  or 
t  tip,  with 
r  BO,  with 
tire. 

numerous 
ng  greatly 
outh;  but 

defiuitioD 


Anillds. 
Lymnauh. 

iria;  antural 

lEMniDIUM. 

apex;  elytra 
)x; 

middle. 
Tacuys. 

JBICOMl'SOS. 

ipecies  have 

[d.     Blemus 

er  propor- 

ig  sufficient 


oth;  lobes 
uus;  gular 

palpiform, 
it  the  apex, 

)ase  of  the 

loderately 

fcsosteraum. 

abdomen. 


Abdomen  with  six  ventral  segments,  the  anterior  three 
connate. 

Legs  slender,  formed  for  running;  anterior  and  middlo 
coxa)  small ;  globular  cavities  of  the  former  not  closed ; 
posterior  dilated  internally,  contiguous  at  the  inner  margin, 
extending  also  to  the  margin  of  the  body,  separating  the  side 
pieces  of  the  metasternum  from  the  first  ventral  segment. 

Notwithstanding  the  searching  analysis  of  the  charnctors  of  Am- 
phizoa  insolens,  made  by  Dr  Schnum  in  his  Insecten  Deutsehlands, 
I  must  differ  with  my  eminent  friend  regarding  the  interpretation 
of  the  characters,  and  still  regard  it  as  representing  a  distinct 
family,  and  not  as  a  very  aberrant  Carabide.  It  is  true  that  the 
characters  it  shows,  with  the  exception  of  the  metasternum  truncate 
behind,  individually  are  found  in  various  anomalous  Carabidte,  but 
the  concentration  of  all  of  them  in  one  object,  with  the  addition  of 
yet  another,  entirely  unknown  otherwise  in  the  series  of  land  car- 
nivorous beetles,  surely  constitutes  sufficient  reason  for  regarding 
this  single  species  as  the  representative  of  a  distinct  type,  equal  iu 
value  to  the  families  which  precede  or  those  which  follow. 

In  addition  to  the  characters  given  above,  I  would  mention: 
the  head  is  broad,  obtuse;  the  eyes  very  small;  the  labrum  very 
transverse,  sinuate  in  front;  the  palpi  short,  cylindrical;  the  side 
suture  of  the  under  surface  of  the  prothorax  is  distinct,  the  others 
are  nearly  obliterated ;  the  prosternum  is  broadly  produced  behind 
the  coxae,  and  obtusely  rounded  at  tip;  the  coxaj  are  not  entirely 
enclosed,  but  are  protected  behind  by  the  mesosternum.  The 
latter  is  deeply  concave  behind,  perpendicular  in  front,  and  is  almost 
covered  by  the  prosternum  when  the  thorax  is  deflexed.  The  side 
pieces  are  diagonally  divided,  and  the  epimera  reach  the  coxa;, 
which  are  small  and  round.  The  metasternum  is  prolonged  and 
obtusely  rounded  between  the  middle  coxte,  transversely  truncate 
behind;  the  side  pieces  are  triangular,  without  visible  epimera; 
the  posterior  coxae  are  large,  flat,  rounded  behind,  extending  to 
the  margin  of  the  body,  internally  contiguous  for  a  space  nearly 
equal  to  the  length  of  the  metasternum,  with  a  quadrate  internal 
dilatation  for  the  insertion  of  the  legs,  as  in  Carabidie. 

The  legs  are  slender,  rough  with  granulated  points;  the  anterior 
tibiae  are  not  in  the  least  degree  sulcate  internally,  and  have  two 
small  terminal  spurs;  the  tarsi  are  glabrous,  the  joints  rounded 
beneath ;  the  claws  simple.     The  elytra  are  twice  as  broad  as  the 


lilt'  ' 


h  '  1  «l:   I 


Hill 


88 


COLEOITERA  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


thorax,  connate,  rountlod,  not  convex,  with  nine  dorsal  furrows, 
and  no  nmrRinal  one;  tho  apex  is  slij^litly  sinuute. 

Tlio  surfuco  is  rough,  without  lustre,  and  moderately  coarsely 
punctured. 

This  very  singnlar  insect  is  found  in  northern  rniifornia,  pro- 
bably near  tho  Sierra  Nevada;  of  its  habits  uolhiiig  is  liuowu. 


Fam.  IV.— dytiscidae. 

Mentum  deeply  emarginate,  broadly  toothed  in  tho  middle; 
lobe's  somewhat  acute;  sides  rounded,  converging  in  front; 
gular  suture  distinct;  ligula  large,  quadrate,  corneous. 

Maxilla3  with  the  outer  lobe  biarticulate,  the  inner  curved, 
acute  at  the  apex,  ciliate  internally. 

Eyes  rounded,  never  emarginate. 

Antennoj  inserted  under  the  front,  behind  the  base  of  tho 
mandibles,  glabrous,  polished,  usually  filiform,  11-jointed 
(rarely  lOjointed). 

Prothorax  with  the  epimera  and  episterna  distinct ;  pro- 
sternum  compressed,  produced  behind  and  fittirjg  into  a  cleft 
or  emargination  of  the  metasternum;  anterior  coxas  protected 
behind  by  the  mesosternum,  subconical. 

Metasternum  short,  pointed  behind,  but  very  closely  con- 
nate with  the  posterior  coxa). 

Posterior  coxa)  very  large,  usually  oblique,  contiguous  at 
the  inner  margin,  reaching  the  side  of  the  body,  entirely 
cutting  off  the  ventral  segments  from  the  metathorax;  inter- 
nally with  a  small  dilatation  for  the  insertion  of  the  legs,  or  a 
broad  plate  (Ilaliplini)  extending  over  their  whole  surface, 
and  also  covering  the  greater  part  of  the  abdomen. 

Abdomen  with  six  ventral  segments,  the  three  anterior 
ones  connate,  the  sixth  rounded  at  tip,  usually  permitting 
the  seventh  internal  but  corneous  one  to  be  slightly  visible. 

Legs  ciliate  with  long  hairs,  posterior  usually  compressed, 
elongated,  formed  for  swimming;  tarsi  5-jointed,  the  f  rtl' 
joint  of  the  anterior  and  middle  tarsi  sometimes  obF 

In  this  family  are  contained  aquatic  carnivorous  insect?  mg, 
as  will  be  seen  by  tho  above  characters,  a  close  relationsmp  to 
Carabidis,  and  in  fact  only  diifering  by  the  form  of  the  posterior 
coxa),  and  the  natatorial  legs.  Tho  particular  portion  of  the  Cara- 
bldse  which  approaches  most  nearly  these  iusects  is  fouud  in  the 


!i: 


"^■n 


DYTI8CIPAE, 


39 


first  siib-fnnaily.  In  common  with  tlint  scries,  tlio  Dytiscidm  have 
the  side  pieces  of  the  mesostcmum  diiigonnlly  divided,  wiili  the 
epimern.  reaching  the  coxiu;  the  side  jtieces  of  the  nictastermim 
are  narrow,  without  visihio  cpimera.  The  middle  poriiou  of  tlie 
nicsosteriiura  is  entirely  covered;  on  separating  the  prothornx,  it 
is  found  to  be  deeply  sulcate  for  the  reception  of  the  prolongation 
of  the  prosternum,  which  thus  firmly  unites  the  different  parts  of 
the  body,  so  as  to  give  the  stability  necessary  for  rapid  motion 
through  the  water. 

The  body  is  rounded,  sometimes  elongated,  usually  elliptical, 
rarely  very  convex.  The  species  arc  more  numerous  in  the  northern 
parts  of  the  country;  they  are  all  winged,  and  the  elytra  are  always 
marked  with  three  discoidal,  irregular  rows  of  punctures ;  rarely 
the  elytra  are  sulcate  (Copclatus,  females  of  certain  Dytiscus), 
frequently  punctured,  sometimes  sculptured  with  transverse  Hues 
(certain  Colymbetcs). 

The  genera  represented  in  our  country  form  two  suh-fumiliea, 
so  distinct  that  they  might  with  much  propriety  be  considered 
separate  families. 


visible. 
I pressed, 

r     rtl; 


Sub-Family  I.— IIALIPLIDAE. 

Antenna)  10-jointed;  abdomen  covered  with  large  plates  of  the 
posterior  coxte,  which  are  small  and  transverse;  metasternum  almost 
truncate  behind,  scarcely  emargiuato  in  front;  legs  scarcely  nata- 
torial. 

This  series  consists  of  a  single  group,  containing  but  two  genera, 
Ilaliplus  and  Cnemidotus,  of  small  size;  the  body  is  very  convex, 
somewhat  acute  before  and  behind,  yellow  shining,  spotted  with 
black  or  gray.  The  elytra  are  covered  with  rows  of  punctures;  in 
Ilaliplus  there  are  nine  and  a  marginal  series,  in  Cnemidotus  there 
are  eleven  or  twelve.  The  scutellum  is  not  visible.  The  insects 
of  this  sub-family  swim  but  feebly,  and  with  little  activity. 

Palpi  subulate.  Haliplcs. 

Palpi  filiform.  Cmeuidotus. 


Sub-Family  II.— DYTISCIDAE  (genuiui). 

Antennae  11-jointed;  posterior  coxae  without  plates,  very  large 
(e>  pt  in  the  European  genus  Pelobius);  legs  very  natatorial 
(except  in  the  same  genus). 


IveiA^' 


lu 


i 
I 


40 


Ottl.Kol'TKUA  OF  NORTH  AMKUIOA. 


Four  (rihos  uro  roitroHcnU'tl  in  onr  fauna,  which  may  l>o  thiiH 
(iiHtii)giii.sli«>(l : — 

Atitoi'ior  flitit  iiiiilillo  \t\r*\  nitli  tliu  third  Johtl  liilobml,  ilio  r>>Mt<li  pnvironlj 

TiniMn.  ].   II  vniiiirniiiNi. 

TftfRt  Willi  flvo  illMltnct  |oll1(^  ; 

ri-(<Hti<nu)ni  <lil.')li«l  !  I'liiiiil,  triiiionit).  II.   Notkiiini. 
I'nwJortnun  ootuproNHoil  ; 

AiitiM'inr  (nip<l  of  ■},  ilil.'iti'il,  loiiiln  «lil(iii)t<  HI.  Coi.vMiiniNi. 

Ai\l*u'ioi-  inrai  of  \,  forming  ii  lnvn<>  dink.  IV.   l>YTiHriNi. 

TrU...  I..-  ||l|»|IOI*Onil\'l. 

This  jrntnp  contains  «)nly  »niiill  Hpccics,  huvlnj;  iiio  nunnl  fonn 
of  (his  family.  Inil  rarely  very  hvond,  and  HoincUinoH  ticiirly  ^lohoHO. 
\h\i  two  jjoiu'ra  arc  Onuid  with  \m^:  Ily(h«)poruH,  of  varied  form, 
havii\g  no  visiltlc  scnldinm;  Cdina,  with  ohnigato  l»o<ly,  ohtUKO 
l>cforo,  pointctl  behind,  witli  a  dislincl  Bculcllum. 

More  thai\  eijrhty  species  of  tlio  former  trenuH  arc  known  to  mo,* 
and  spooicvM  arc  fouiul  in  every  pari  of  the  eouiilry. 

Tribo  II.— ^OTF.IIi:VI. 

The  lorn  of  the  prosternum  in  Notenis  and  tho  ihrco  pcnora 
holow  nuMilioncd  is  so  renu\rkal>ly  dilVe.  <nt.  from  that,  seen  in  tho 
rest  of  the  tnemhcrs  of  tl»is  family,  that  tliey  neoni  to  he  naturally 
placod  in  a  special  tribe;  tho  prosternum  is  elevatt'd,  very  much 
dilated  behind  tho  nnterior  coxa%  and  trnncato ;  it  rcaclics  tho 
tuetasternnm,  whicli  is  also  wiilely  truncate  in  front. 

The  form  of  body  in  these  gcnora  is  likewiso  i)eculiar.  In  C(d- 
plus  J.fr.  it  is  almost  globose,  m  in  certain  Hydroporus;  in  tho 
others  it  is  oval,  very  convex,  acutely  pointed  ludiind ;  tho  labial 
prdpi  are  dilatotl  in  our  genera,  sometimes  very  much  so;  tho  oji- 
tenuiv  have  tho  middle  joints  more  or  less  dilate*).  Tho  Kcutelhim 
is  not  visible.     No  spocica  has  yet  occurred  in  tho  Pacific  district. 

Our  throe  genera  may  bo  thus  distinguished : — 

rn^tenmm  dtH'ply  concave  ;  body  globose;  palpi  cmarglnate  at  tip. 

CoLi'ins. 
Pn'steninm  fl.it ; 

L.nst  joint  of  in.isiH.aiy  palpi  emarpinate.  Smna. 

L.ist  joint  of  maxillary  r>alpi  truncate.  HvPKocA.N'nius. 

Colpins  contains  but  a  single  species,  found  in  Louisiana. 

*  For  a  synoji^is  of  them,  viite  Proceediigs  of  tho  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  i'hiladflphia,  vii.  'ZVO. 


jM 


t)YTfH(tlt»All. 


41 


Tti  Col- 

;  in  the 

to  labial 

the  an- 

HOiitollum 

district. 


TriiM)  m.-corYMiitrriivi. 

Tlui  only  cliariictor  by  wliirh  tliJH  tribo  In  dlBilnj^iilHlird  from 
tlio  next  Ih  llio  furin  of  tlio  (lliattitl  nntorinr  tarHJ  of  llio  iiial»m. 
Tlio  dilated  joiiilH  aro  Ihtc  olilonj^  and  of  «M|iial  wifHli,  covered 
bfiicalh  with  <mi|)H  of  o(|iial  or  nearly  equal  Hi/.o.  Tiie  |iroHlerniun, 
m  in  it,  \h  narrow,  cotiipreHHed,  and  pointed  behinil.  'I  Im  form  of 
body  in  oval,  not  vory  convex.  Tho  HpucicH  aro  hniall  or  modorulo 
in  Hi/,0.  ' 

Our  K<"U'rft  may  bo  thus  tabulalod: — 


2 

LA(:<:<)i'iiiMm. 

'I 
t> 

Ciit-rirtdMVH. 

4 

MaTI  H. 
Col.VMIIKTKtI. 

r, 

(/'llfRI,ATl;H. 

B 

AmIK'iMKKA. 
AoAllI'H. 


3 


Fcntxlliiiii  (llntiniit. 
Hcmtnlhiiii  inviHililo. 

2  bawl  Joint  of  jKiliii  truiKiato  or  roundud. 
IiiiHl  Joint  of  |iiil|ii  oiiiurgiaalu. 

3  rroHtnriiiun  imt  KulcHtu. 
I'rostorniuii  with  a  (hmp  Kroov«. 

4  ClawH  of  )iofit(irinr  tarHi  iin)u|iial,  th»  otitor  ono  flidd. 
ClfiWH  of  pof.torlor  tntBl  cjiinl,  inovublo, 

f)  Hlytni  Btriato. 

Klytra  Hniootli. 
C  Thorax  iiarrowod  at  tho  l)aB<i. 

Thorax  as  wi(b)  at  tho  liaito  an  nt  tho  tniddlo,  or  wid<fr. 

I  have  included  in  (JolynilietcH  the  genuH  Ilybius  AV.,  and  en- 
tirely a^^reo  with  Lucordairo  that  the  difference  is  too  HJight  to 
enable  them  to  be  retained  an  diMtinet. 

I  am  also  inclined  to  believe  that  Copeiatus  and  Anisomera 
should  be  united  with  Aj^'alniH;  the  dilTereiic(!  of  the  first  \h  merely 
in  the  striate  elytra;  that  of  the  Hecond  In  tho  thorax,  being  nar- 
rowed from  the  middle  to  the  base. 

Tribe  IV.— I>WTIMCI.\'I. 

This  tribe  contains  in  the  penera  Cybister  and  Dytiscus  all  the 
large  Rpccics,  and  in  the  other  pjcncra  Bpecies  of  moderate  fiizc. 
Ai?  before  mentioned,  it  only  differs  from  the  last  group  in  having 
the  joints  1 — 4  of  tho  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  of  unequal  width, 
so  as  to  form  a  round  disk,  furnished  beneath  with  cu[)h  of  very 
unequal  size.  The  scutellum  is  always  visible.  The  body  is  oval 
not  very  convex,  usually  broader  behind  the  middle,  rarely  ellip- 
tical;  the  elytra  of  females  of  certain  Pytiscus  and  Aci]!u<!  aro 
suloate.  All  the  genera  of  the  tribe  are  represented  in  our  fauna, 
and  may  be  distinguished  thus  :— 


\  ,.  , 

!«:•■: 

;'!" 

1 

1 

(  ■    ■. 

f,   ■ 


42 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Posterior  tarsi  with  two  claws.  2 

Posterior  tarsi  with  a  single  fixed  claw.  Ctbister. 

2  Claws  equal,  or  nearly  so ;  movable ;  3 
Claws  unequal,  the  upper  one  fixed  (last  joint  of  palpi  not  elongated)  ;  4 

3  Last  joint  of  palpi  not  elongated.  DyTiscns. 
Last  joint  of  palpi  elongated.  Eunectes. 

4  Body  ovate,  intermediate  tarsi  of  male  not  dilated.  Acilius. 
Body  elliptical,  intermediate  tarsi  of  male  dilated.  IlyDAiicDS. 


Fam.  v.~gyrinidae. 


^' 


Mentum  deeply  emarginatt ;  lateral  lobes  rounded ;  gular 
suture  distinct. 

Ligula  large,  quadrate,  corneous,  filling  the  emargination 
of  the  mentum. 

Maxillae  with  the  outer  lobe  usually  wanting,  sometimes 
slender,  not  articulated,  the  inner  curved,  ciliate  internally, 
acute  at  tip. 

Eyes  divided  by  the  sides  of  the  head,  upper  and  lower 
parts  both  rounded. 

Antennae  inserted  under  the  sides  of  the  front,  behind  the 
base  of  the  mandibles,  short,  thick,  third  joint  auriculate, 
subsequent  ones  indistinct,  last  joint  elongate. 

Prothorax  with  the  prostcrnura  short  and  carinated,  epis- 
terna  and  epimera  distinct,  the  latter  large. 

Mesosternum  very  large,  rhomboidal,  posterior  angle  emar- 
ginate  for  the  reception  of  the  point  of  metasternum ;  episterna 
and  epimera  entirely  connate,  attaining  the  middle  coxoe. 

Metasternum  very  short,  pointed  before  and  behind;  epis- 
terna very  large;  epimera  not  visible. 

Coxae, anterior, small,  globular;  middle,  flat,  oblique, almost 
reaching  to  the  posterior  coxae  behind;  the  latter  are  large, 
truncate  anteriorly,  contiguous  at  their  inner  margin,  extend- 
ing to  the  margin  of  the  body,  and  thus  separating  entirely 
the  ventral  segments  from  the  metasternum;  they  are  dilated 
internally,  and  broadly  excavated  behind  for  the  motion  of 
the  hind  legs. 

Abdomen  Tjointed,  the  three  anterior  segments  connate, 
the  first  almost  obsolete;  the  seventh  longer  than  the  sixth, 
rounded  at  tip. 

Anterior  legs  very  long,  received  in  oblique  grooves  of 
the  pro-  and  mesosternal  segments;  tibiae  slender,  with  one 
terminal  spur;  tarsi  5-jointed,  of  the  male  sometimes  dilated. 


s 


1 


.^^ 


■•^«i» 


HYDBOPHILIDAB. 


43 


2 

TBISTER. 

3 

ated) ;  4 
)ytiscds. 

UNECTEa. 
AciLlUS. 
rDATICUS. 


d;  gular 


[•gination 


)metime3 
iternally, 

id  lower 

ihind  the 
ariculate, 

ted,  epis- 
tle emar- 
spisterna 
coxae, 
nd;  epia- 

e,  almost 
ire  large, 
,  extend- 
entirely 
e  dilated 
lotioa  of 


Middle  and  posterior  legs  short,  broad,  very  much  com- 
pressed; tibiae  without  spurs;  tarsi  5-jointed;  first  joint  of 
middle  feet  large,  triangular;  second  and  third  very  short; 
fourth  large,  triangular;  fifth  triangular,  with  two  approxi- 
mate claws.  Of  the  posterior  feet  of  Dineutes  the  first  joint 
is  very  large;  the  others  are  small,  and  diminish  gradually 
in  size,  the  last  with  two  very  small  claws.  lu  Gyrinus  the 
posterior  and  middle  tarsi  are  nearly  alike. 

This  family  is  one  of  the  best  defined  and  most  distinct  of  any 
in  the  whole  order  of  Coleoptera,  and  contains  a  moderate  number 
of  species,  of  an  oval  form,  somewhat  attenuated  at  either  end, 
usually  of  a  very  brilliant  bluish-black  color  above,  with  the  punc- 
tures reflecting  a  golden  tint. 

Their  habits  are  aquatic,  but  remarkably  different  from  those  of 
the  Dytiscidffi;  they  are  usually  seen  in  large  numbers  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  water,  circling  about  in  labyrinthine  curves,  and  diving 
but  rarely,  and  only  to  escape  from  an  immediate  danger ;  when 
caught,  many  exhale  a  milky  fluid,  having  an  odor  of  apples. 

The  elytra  are  in  two  of  our  genera  striate,  with  rows  of  punc- 
tures; in  Gyretes  they  are  without  stria3,  smooth  and  shining  on 
the  disk,  finely  punctured  and  pubescent  on  the  sides.  The  species 
of  Dineutus  and  Gyrinus  frequently  resemble  each  other  very 
closely,  and  ours  have  not  yet  been  investigated  with  success.  Of 
Gyretes  one  species  is  found  in  the  Colorado  River  of  California, 
and  another  in  Illinois. 

Our  three  genera  are  thus  separated : — 

Last  ventral  segment  of  abdomen  depressed,  rounded  at  tip ; 

Scutellum  distinct.  GvRiKrs. 

Scutellum  wanting  (labrum  transverse).  DixEcrrs. 

Last  ventral  segment  of  abdomen  elongated,  conical  (labrum  prominent, 

scutellum  wanting).  Gyketes. 


Fam.  VI.— HYDROPHILIDAE, 


mv>i 


pa 


connate, 
he  sixth, 

ooves  of 

*vith  one 

dilated. 


Mentum  large,  quadrate ;  gular  suture  distinct. 

Ligula  broad,  very  short,  usually  concealed,  with  labial 
palpi  very  distant  at  base. 

Maxilhe  with  two  lobes  ciliated  at  the  extremity. 

Eyes  round  in  all  of  our  genera  (emarginate  or  even  divided 
by  the  side  of  the  head  la  some  foreign  gcuora). 


m 


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M.  .■' 


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ir: 


snij 


*. 


IS', 


44 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Antennae  inserted  under  the  sides  of  the  front,  behind  the 
base  of  the  mandibles,  moderately  short,  having  from  six  to 
nine  joints,  the  outer  joints  forming  a  sudden  club,  of  which 
all  the  joints  except  the  first  one  are  pubescent. 

Prothorax  with  the  episterna  and  epimera  not  distinct;  pro- 
sternum  very  short;  anterior  coxae  globose,  conical,  exserted. 

Mesosternum  moderate,  frequently  longitudinally  elevated; 
side  pieces  not  divided,  extending  to  the  coxa),  which  are 
large,  oblique,  and  flat,  prominent  only  inside  of  the  inser- 
tion of  the  thigh. 

Metasternum  large,  frequently  carinate,  and  produced  into 
a  long  spine  behind;  side  pieces  large,  epimera  not  visible. 

Posterior  coxae  oblique,  flat,  extending  to  the  sides  of  the 
abdomen. 

Abdomen  usually  with  five  ventral  segments,  in  the 
foreign  genus  Limnebius  with  seven,  and  in  Cyllidium  with 
but  apparently  four ;  segments  not  connate. 

Legs  moderate ;  tibiae  terminated  by  two  large  spurs ;  tarsi 
five-jointed,  the  middle  and  posterior  ones  sometimes  com- 
pressed and  fimbriate,  for  swimming.  Trochanters  not  pro- 
minent on  the  inner  part  of  the  thigh. 

This  group  contains  insects  which  live  on  decomposing  vegetable 
matter,  though  the  larvse  are  carnivorous  and  quite  voracious ;  the 
majority  of  them  are  aquatic.  Except  those  of  the  tribe  Helopho- 
ridae,  they  are  of  an  oval,  convex  form,  sometimes  hemispherical ; 
the  elytra  are  sometimes  striate,  sometimes  without  dorsal  striae, 
but  with  a  distinct  sutural  stria;  sometimes  the  latter  is  also  effaced. 
In  the  species  with  smooth  elytra  three  faint  series  of  punctures 
may  be  seen  on  each  elytron,  as  in  Dytiscidse.  The  scutellum  is 
never  wanting.  The  palpi  in  most  of  the  genera  are  very  long, 
but  always  slender,  whence  the  name  Palpicornes,  given  by  Latreille 
to  these  insects. 

According  to  the  proportions  of  the  joints  of  the  tarsi,  four 
tribes  are  apparent,  which  may  be  separated  as  follows  : — 

Middle  and  hind  tarsi  with  the  first  joint  short ; 
Prothorax  narrowed  behind,  i  t;  -ower  than  the  elytra.      Helophorihi. 
Prothorax  at  base  as  wide  as  ti.c  elytra; 
Tarsi  compressed  ;  metasternam  prolonged  into  a  spine. 

Hydrophimni. 

Tarsi  not  compressed  ;  metasternam  not  prolonged.  Hydkubiim. 

Middle  and  hind  tarsi  with  the  first  joint  elongated.  Sfu^bidiini. 


;     '      HI 


HTDROPniHD^. 


46 


tarsi 


the 


Tribe  I.— HELOPHORIi\I. 

In  this  tribe  are  small  aquatic  species,  of  an  oblong  or  elongate 
form,  usually  of  a  pale  gray  color,  more  or  less  tinged  with  bronze 
or  silver.  They  are  found  in  small  pools,  and  rise  to  the  surface 
when  the  water  is  made  turbid. 

MaxillsB  with  both  lobes  corneous ;  antenna}  9-jointed,  rarely 
7-jointed.  Tarsi  not  natatorial ;  first  joint  subconuate  with  the 
second,  frequently  indistinct ;  2 — 4  moderate,  subcqual,  the  second 
in  Helophorus  somewhat  longer  than  the  first.  Thorax  narrower 
at  the  base  than  the  elytra ;  in  Helophorus  and  Ochthebius 
marked  with  five  sinuous  longitudinal  stria);  elytra  with  ten  striue 
or  rows  of  punctures,  except  in  Ilydrajua,  where  the  rows  are 
more  numerous. 

But  one  genus  (Epimetopus,  having  the  eyes  emarginatc)  of 
this  tribe  has  not  occurred  in  the  United  states ;  the  others  are 
thus  related : — 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  longer  than  the  preceding ; 

Antenna;  9-jointed  ;  all  the  palpi  moderately  long.  Helophorus. 

AntennfB  7-jointed  ;  labial  palpi  short.  Hydkocuus. 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  shorter  than  the  preceding,  subulate. 

Ochthebius. 
Maxillary  palpi  exceedingly  long.  Hydkvexa. 

The  last  genus  has  occurred  as  yet  only  in  the  Atlantic  States ; 
the  other  three  are  found  generally  distributed  over  our  territories. 


Tribe  II.— HYDROPHILINI. 

Aquatic  species,  of  an  oval  or  elliptical  convex  form,  olive 
black,  rarely  with  the  sides  of  the  thorax  and  elytra  yellow,  the 
latter  not  striate. 

Maxill*  with  both  lobes  coriaceous  ;  antenna;  0-jointed  ;  mid- 
dle and  posterior  tarsi  strongly  compressed,  fringed  internally 
with  long  hairs ;  first  joint  short,  second  elongated ;  meso-  and 
metasternum  forming  a  continuous  keel,  which  posteriorly  is  pro- 
longed into  an  acute  spine  ;  last  joint  of  the  anterior  tarsi  of  tlie 
male  in  many  species  distorted,  with  very  unequal  claws ;  in  the 
same  sex  the  club  of  the  antenna)  is  sometimes  irregular. 


m^i\ 


m 
w 


WW 


1 


I 


11* 


.  1 


jSik' '''*'■''''■' 


m- 


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4C 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Our  two  genera  may  be  separated  as  follows  :— 

Prosternum  small,  sulcate  ;  metasternal  spine  long.  Hydkopihi.us. 

Prosteruum  ncutely  carinate ;  metasternal  spine  sliort.        Uydrocuaris. 

Both  genera  are  represented  on  each  side  of  the  continent : 
the  latter  genus  is  called  Hydrous  by  many  European  authors, 
which  name  is  more  properly  a  synonym  of  Hydrophilus :  the 
species  of  Hydrophilus  differ  in  the  proportion  of  the  last  joint 
of  the  maxillary  palpi :  in  the  large  species  the  last  joint  is 
shorter  than  the  penultimate;  in  the  small  ones  (Tropistermis 
Sol.)  the  joints  are  equal,  or  the  last  is  a  little  longer  than  the 
penultimate.* 

The  females  of  this  tribe  construct  a  silky  cocoon,  attached  to 
plants,  under  the  surface  of  the  water. 

Tribe  III.-H¥DROBII]VI. 

Aquatic  species,  of  an  oval  or  hemispherical  form ;  the  elytra 
have  sometimes  ten  strife  (Berosus),  or  a  large  number  of  rows  of 
punctures  (Laccobius),  but  usually  only  a  sutural  stria.  A  foreign 
genus  (Amphiaps)  is  remarkable  for  having  four  eyes,  like  Gyrinus. 

Many  of  the  species  of  this  tribe  have  the  same  general  ap- 
pearance as  those  of  the  preceding  tribe,  but  are  readily  distin- 
guished by  the  metasternum  not  being  prolonged  behind  into  a 
sharp  spine.     They  are  all  of  small  size. 

Maxillae  with  both  lobes  membranous  or  coriaceous  ;  antenna; 
sometimes  7-  or  8-jointed,  usually  9-jointed;  middle  and  posterior 
tarsi  scarcely  compressed,  sometimes  slightly  ciliate,  with  hairs ; 
first  joint  short,  oblique  ;  second  elongated  ;  meso-  and  metaster- 
num not  forming  a  continuous  carina,  the  latter  not  prolonged 
into  a  spine. 

The  following  genera,  all  having  five  ventral  segments,  are 
found  in  our  country  : — 

Posterior  tibisB  and  tarsi  ciliate  ;  antennse  7-joiiited  (scutellum  elongated). 

Bekosus. 
Posterior  tarsi  sligLtly  ciliate ;    antennae  8-joiuted  ;   posterior  trochanters 

large.  Laccobius. 

Tibiic  and  tarsi  not  ciliate  ;  trochanters  moderate ;  antennae  9-jointed ; 

*  Vide  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  vol.  vii.  p.  3(58, 
where  may  be  also  found  a  synopsis  of  the  species  of  this  family  inhabiting 
the  United  States. 


.,>.    .'    "'i 


^ 


HYDIlOPHILIDiB, 


4T 


Antennne  with  first  joint  very  long.  Cylmdii-m. 
Aiiteiin.T  with  first  joint  moderate; 

Maxillary  palpi  with  last  three  joints  equal.  BpERniopsis. 

Maxillary  palpi  with  last  joint  longest.  PiiiLiiynurs. 

Maxillary  palpi  with  the  3d  joint  longer  than  the  4th.  IIvdhouics. 

The  type  of  Sperehopsis  is  Spcrcheus  tesselatus  Zicgler,  a  very 
rare  insect  of  the  Atlantic  district. 

In  ILjdrobius  auhcupreus  the  third  and  fourth  joints  of  the 
antennie  arc  closely  united,  so  that  I  formerly  described  them  as 
8-jointed.  Cyllidiuni  contains  small  hemispherical  species,  re- 
markable for  having  the  first  and  second  ventral  segments  covered 
by  large  plates,  ciliate  with  hairs  proceeding  from  the  base  of  the 
abdomen,  which  thus  appears  to  have  but  four  ventral  segments ; 
the  hind  tarsi  are  short,  by  which  they  arc  distinguished  at  first 
sight  from  Laocobius. 


Tribe  IV.— SPHiERIDIINI. 

Small  terrestrial  species,  of  an  oval,  convex,  or  hemispherical 
form,  living  in  the  excrements  of  herbivorous  mammals  ;  the  color 
is  usually  black,  with  the  elytra  frequently  spotted  or  margined 
with  yellow  ;  the  elytra  have  ten  rows  of  punctures  or  striic,  but 
in  Cyclonotum  are  entirely  without  striie.  Our  species  of  Cercyon 
are  not  yet  properly  investigated ;  several  of  them  have  been 
imported  from  Europe. 

Maxilla)  with  lobes  coriaceous,  or  submcmbranous ;  antenna) 
9-jointed  in  our  genera ;  second  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  thick- 
ened ;  legs  not  natatorial ;  first  joint  of  middle  and  posterior  tarsi 
elongated. 

Except  Spha)ridium,*  all  Die  known  genera  of  this  tril)e  have 
been  found  in  the  United  States.  They  are  distinguished  as 
follows : — 


Mososternum  narrow ; 
Mesosternum  produced  in  front. 
Mesosternum  not  produced  ;  prostemum  carinate. 
Mesosternum  very  wide ; 
Prothorax  margined. 
Prothorax  not  margined. 


CvCLONOTrM. 

Cercyon. 

MEGASTERXrW. 
CKYPTOrLEl'Kl'M. 


*  I  have  a  specimen  of  the  Europoan  Spharidlum  scaralxrviihs.  fouml  in 
Canada.     The  species  is  undonbtodly  introduced,  and  accidental  in  occur- 


rence.    It  is  described  by  Henuvois   under  the  name  S.  crenntum. 
genus  differs  from  Cercyon  by  the  antennte  having  only  eight  joints. 


The 


m 


48 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


'.iSs4' 


U^k< 


Fam.  VII.—S  I  L  P  II I  D  a  E  . 


t 


Mentum  quadrate,  sometimes  slightly  emarginate,  fre- 
quently with  a  transverse  piece  between  it  and  the  ligula, 
which  is  prominent,  emarginate,  or  bilobed;  gular  suture 
distinct. 

Maxilla)  with  two  lobes,  inner  one  sometimes  with  a 
terminal  hook. 

Eyes  finely  granulated,  sometimes  absent. 

Antennae  inserted  under  the  margin  of  the  front,  behind 
the  base  of  the  mandibles;  lljointed,  rarely  9  or  10-jointed: 
gradually  or  suddenly  clubbed  at  the  apex,  sometimes  nearly 
filiform. 

Prothorax  with  the  epimera  and  episterna  not  distinct. 

Mesosternum  very  short,  side  pieces  attaining  the  coxas. 

Metasternum  large,  nearly  truncate  behind ;  episterna  long ; 
epimera  large,  distinct. 

Anterior  coxae  large,  conical,  contiguous;  middle  coxaj 
oblique,  not  prominent,  except  in  Brathinus;  posterior  con- 
tiguous (except  in  the  foreign  genus  Leptoderus),  not  extend- 
ing to  the  margin  of  the  body,  prominent  internally,  rarely 
(Clambini)  laminate. 

Abdomen  with  six  free  ventral  segments,  except  in  Sphse- 
rites,  which  has  but  five. 

Legs  sometimes  thick,  subfossorial  (Necrophorus),  some- 
times very  slender  (Pteroloma);  tibiae  with  large  terminal 
spurs,  the  anterior  ones  of  the  male  usually  dilated ;  tarsi 
usually  5-jointed ;  posterior  trochanters  prominent,  or  not. 

The  anomalous  form  of  the  middle  coxoe  in  Brathinus  Lee  re- 
quires the  division  into  two  sub-families: — 

Middle  coxsb  oblique,  not  prominent.  Silphid^. 

Middle  coxae  conical,  prominent.  BRATUiNiDiG. 


;!«!, 


Sub-Family  I.— SILPHIDAE  (genuini). 

This  sub-family  contains  species  which  live  on  decomposing 
animal  matter  or  on  fungi ;  some  species  of  Catops  are  found  only 
in  ants'  nests,  while  the  wonderful  genus  Leptoderus,  not  yet  found 
in  America,  lives  in  caves;  it  differs  remarkably  from  other  genera 
of  the  family  by  the  long  cylindrical  thorax,  the  globose,  connate 


siLPinn.vE. 


4I> 


elytra,  and  the  widely  separated  posterior  coxoc.  Like  nearly  all 
cave  insects,  it  is  destitute  of  eyes.  Doubtless,  species  of  this 
genus  remain  to  reward  the  scientific  exi)lorers  of  our  large  west- 
ern caves. 

According  to  the  form  of  the  body,  and  the  position  of  the 
posterior  trochanters,  the  following  tribes  are  delined  : — 


Posterior  coxib  simple ; 
Po:<terior  trochanters  prominent  (body  not  globose). 
Posterior  troohauters  not  prominent  (body  nearly  globose). 


SiLrnixi. 


Posterior  coxje  laminate,  covering  the  legs. 


Amsotiimi.m. 
Clamuim. 


Tribe  I.— SILPni^TI. 

Body  never  globose,  sometimes  elongate,  usually  oval,  or  even 
nearly  circular,  and  then  usually  with  a  thin  margin  of  the  thorax 
and  elytra  extending  beyond  the  body;  the  antenna^  are  1 1 -jointed, 
but  with  the  second  joint  in  one  genus  (Xecrophorus)  almost  ol)so- 
Icte ;  with  a  globose  4-jointed  club  in  that  genus,  gradually  clubbed 
in  the  others,  with  the  eighth  joint  in  some  genera  smaller  than 
the  contiguous  ones.  Epimera  of  metathorax  not  covered  by  the 
elytra.  Posterior  coxa  contiguous,  or  nearly  so ;  their  tr(;chanters 
])r()minent  internally,  frequently  emarginate  or  toothed,  Tarsi 
5-jointcd,  except  in  the  female  "if  Adelops,  where  the  anterior 
ones  are  only  4-jointed. 

This  sub-family  contains  the  largest  insects  of  the  family;  the 
species  of  Necrophorus  are  remarkable  for  the  black  elytra,  trun- 
cate .it  tip,  and  ornamented  with  large  red  spots.  They  live  on 
dead  animals,  and  a  pair  of  them  will  bury  the  body  of  a  small 
mammal  with  wonderful  rapidity.  Silpha  is  also  easily  recog- 
nized by  the  rounded  outline  and  thin  margin. 

Our  genera  may  be  thus  arranged,  in  two  sub-tribes  : — 


Abdomen  with  six  visible  ventral  segments. 
Abdomen  with  five  visible  ventral  sesrments. 


SlLPltlNI, 
SpUiKEITINI. 


11(1 


4ll/ 


V 


!>!  ; 


'4 


Sub-Tribe  1.— Silphini  (genuini). 

Nothing  general  can  be  stated  in  regard  to  the  genera  of  this 
sub-tribe ;  which  may  be  divided,  according  to  the  position  of  the 
head,  into  two  groups. 


M 


■  ■  4             •        j 

i'-i 

I].,.;    ■ 

*!■:  :'  ■■' 

'ii'^      -•; 

jjl  ....;■ 

m  "  ' 

ll.-V 

14  i;jv  .  ;     ■ 

•fll  h'-     ■  .  •■ 

!;■!■■•  ".:.  • 

I'll 
»'  ,            .    ■    ■  ■ 

60 


CnLEurXEKA  OP  NORTH  AMEHICA. 


He.iil  soparati'd  t'roiu  the  thorax,  movable.  8ii,rn«. 

Ui^ad  immei'beJ  iu  the  thorax.  Catoi'KS. 


Group  I.— Sllphae. 

Insects  of  large  or  moderate  size,  Hying  on  carrion,  compose 
this  group.  Pteroloma  (which  includes  Lyrosoma  Mann.)  and 
Necrophilus  occur  only  in  the  Pacific  district;  the  other  two 
genera  are  found  on  both  sides  of  the  continent. 

Our  genera  are : — 

AntennsB  with  ten  apparent  joints,  club  globose,  4-jointed.  Nkcrophorcs. 
Antenna)  with  eleven  distinct  joints  ; 

Antennffi  clubbed,*  tibi.'e  armed  with  spines ; 
Third  joint  of  antennae  not  longer  than  the  second,  shorter  than  the 

first.  Sii.i'HA. 

Third  joint  of  antenna;  as  long  as  the  first.  Necroimiii.us. 

Antennae  nearly  filiform,  tibise  not  spinous.  Ptekoloma. 

Group  II.— Catopes. 

Insects  of  small  size  and  usually  ovate  form ;  some  live  on  car- 
rion, others  in  fungi,  others  in  ants'  nests.  The  8th  joint  of  the 
antennoe  is  smaller  than  the  Tth,  except  iu  Colon. 

Our  genera  are  as  follows  : — 

Eyes  wanting  (anterior  tarsi  of  J  4-jointed.)  Adelops. 

Eyes  distinct ; 

Antennre  serrate.  CxTOPTnicnus. 

AntenniP  clubbed ; 

Eighth  joint  of  antennie  small.  Catops. 

Eighth  joint  of  antennce  larger  than  the  seventh.  Colon. 

Gatoptrichufi  Frankenhaueseri,  the  type  and  only  species 
known,  is  found  in  Sitkha.  Adelops  hirtus,  the  only  species  yet 
found  in  the  United  States,  occurs  in  the  Mammoth  Cave,  Ken- 
tucky ;  the  other  western  caves  will  yet  furnish  other  species. 

Sub-Tribe  2.-Sphaeritini. 

This  sub-tribe  contains  but  a  single  genus,  Sphffirites,  of  which 
but  one  species  in  Europe  and  another  (S.  glahratus  Mann.)  in 
Russian  America  are  known.     The  form  is  oblong  oval,  convex ; 

*  In  NecropJtilus  tenuicornis.  however,  the  antennae  are  as  slender  as  in 
Pteroloma. 


m 


SILnilPAE. 


51 


hTllK, 
TOPES. 


;ompose 
u.)  and 
lier  two 


the  elytra  are  strongly  truncate,  and  striate ;  the  nntennic  are 
slightly  genifulatod,  with  the  first  joint  much  I'longutfil ;  the 
club  is  rounded,  composed  of  three  joints.  The  ujipeurunce  is 
very  siuiilur  to  IJister. 

This  genus  has  been  placed  by  llcdtenbacher  in  Nitidulidie, 
but  the  form  of  the  anterior  coxie  is  altogether  dilfcreiit,  and 
entirely  similar  to  thut  seen  in  the  present  laniily,  in  wiiicii  it  is 
retained  l>y  other  systematists.  IJut  the  iliU'erem  i'  in  the  ubdo- 
meu  seems  to  me  to  indicate  a  separate  sub-tribe. 


PHORUB. 


r  than  tVie 

SlI.l'HA. 
0P1IILU8. 

;rolo9ia> 


,'c  on  car- 
int  of  the 


Adelops. 

?'rRicnn8. 

Catops. 
Colon. 

species 
lecies  yet 
ave,  Ken- 
jecies. 


of  which 
Mann.)  in 
convex ; 

ender  as  in 


Tribe  II.— A]VIS0T01*li:VI. 

Body  oval,  convex,  sometimes  hemispherical,  sometimes  capable 
of  being  contracted  into  a  ball.  Mandibles  with  a  basal  molar 
tooth.  Antenna?  11-jointed,  clubbed,  the  eighth  joint  frecpiently 
smaller  than  the  contiguous  ones.  Epimera  and  cpistenia  of 
metathorax  covered  liy  the  elytra.  Posterior  coxic  contiguous; 
their  trochanters  not  prominent  inwardly.     Tarsi  variable. 

This  tribe  consists  of  small  species,  which  live  either  in  decom- 
posing fungi,  or  under  the  bark  of  dead  trees. 

A.  Tarsi  with  the  same  number  of  joints  in  both  sexes  ;  body  not  at  all 

contractile  ; 
All  the  tarsi  .'i-jointed  ;  eiglith  joint  of  antennre  small.  lIvDNomua.* 
Anterior  and  middle  tarni  .l-jointed,  posterior  4-jointed  ; 

Mesosterniim  earinate  ;  eighth  joint  of  antenn;e  small.  Anisotoma. 

Mesosternum  Hat ;  eighth  joint  of  anteun;e  hardly  distinct, 

CVUTI'SA. 

Anterior  tarsi  .■)-joiuted,  middle  and  posterior  4-joiuted  ;  cliil)  of  an- 
tennas 3-jointed.  Coi.km.s. 

B.  Tarsi  dissimilar  in  the  two  sexes  ;  body  more  or  less  contractile  ; 

Club  of  antenn.-e  ."t-jointed,  eighth  joint  small.  Liodes. 

Club  of  autenuiE  3-joiuted.  Agatuidh'm. 


Tribe  III.-C"LAI»IBi:V'I. 

Body  oval,  capable  of  being  more  or  less  contracted  into  a  ball. 
Anteumc  9-  or  10-jointed,  clubbed.     Episterna  of  metathorax  not 

*  I  introduce  this  genns  on  the  authority  of  Eriohson,  wl»o  referred 
(Wiegni.  Arohiv,  1847,  ii.  100)  to  it  f.iotkn  {iltcrmita  Mels.,  wliioh,  liowever, 
I  tind  to  have  only  4-j()iuted  posterior  tarsi,  and  have  accordingly  placed  it 
in  Anisotoma.  Nevertheless,  it  is  (juitf  possible  that  Erichson  may  have 
had  before  him  a  genuine  species  of  Ilyduobius,  unknown  to  me. 


■'!-■■'■  ■ 


».m 


■»^tt'] 


i' 


M 


i'  t 


14 


t, 


Wr 


lif 


,r;..;: 


'1! 


•;  IT  f   *-^ 


52 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NOHTII  AMERICA. 


covered  1)y  the  elytru.  Posterior  coxtc  eoiitif^uous,  dilated  into 
lumiiiiL'  coverlii)^  tlie  imsterior  tiiifj;lis;  trochanters  not  pruiiiiiieiit 
This  tril)e  cuiisistH  uf  very  inimite  species,  liviii|^  in  deconiposiiif^ 
vegetable  iiiatt(;r.  On  account  of  tiie  extreme  minuteness  of  tiie 
insects,  the  generic  descriptions  have  been  very  imperfect,  and 
indeed  iuaecurato ;  It  is  only  in  the  works  uf  Kedtenbacher,  La- 
cordaire,  and  Duval  that  the  full  chanicters  have  been  detailed. 
This  fact  will  account  for  the  coid'usion  regarding  the  genus  Ster- 
nuchus,  established  by  me  in  Agassiz's  work  on  Lake  Superior, 
which  I  afterwards  united  with  C Iambus. 

Club  of  auteniiu)  3-jointod ;  coxal  plates  narrow,  dilated  internally  (body 

glabrous).  K.MPHi.rs. 

Club  of  antenna)  2-jointod ;  coxal  plates  very  broad  (body  usually  pubes- 
cent) ; 
Antennte  10-joiiitod ;  abdomen  with  (!  ventral  segments.    CALYi'TOMEnua. 
Auteuute  'J-joiuted  ;  abdomen  apparently  with  f)  ventral  segrnentH. 

Clambcs. 

The  type  of  Empelus  is  Litorhrns  hrunnipennis  Mann,  from 
Sitkha.  Having  the  anterior  coxas  contiguous,  transverse,  coni- 
cal, and  prominent,  it  cannot  be  placed  in  the  family  Phahieridie, 
to  which  Litochrus  belongs,  but  seems  to  me  to  be  a  very  obvious 
connecting  link  between  Agathidium  and  Clambus.  To  Calyp- 
tomerus  belongs  Clambus  oblongulus  Maun.,  also  from  Russian 
America. 

Sub-Paraily  II.— P>RATniNIDAE. 

But  one  genus,  Brathinus,  is  known  of  this  sub-family,  which  is 
remarkably  distinguished  from  the  genuine  Silphida)  by  the  pro- 
minent conical  middle  coxae.  The  two  species  known  to  me  are 
found  about  grass-roots  in  wet  places,  from  Lake  Superior  to 
Nova  Scotia,  and  are  small  shining  insects,  of  graceful  form,  less 
than  one-fifth  of  an  inch  long. 

The  head  is  oval,  strongly  constricted  behind,  with  the  front 
concave  ;  eyes  moderately  prominent,  oval,  somewhat  coarsely 
granulated  ;  the  gula  behind  the  mentum  is  deeply  channelled ; 
the  maxillary  palpi  are  long  and  sleiider,  the  third  joint  is  one- 
half  the  length  of  the  second,  and  the  fourth  is  longer  than  the 
second  ;  the  labial  palpi  are  moderately  short,  with  the  last  joint 
a  little  longer.     The  antennae  are  slender,  almost  filiform,  with 


)u 


li''!"'  " 


M. 


SCVTlMiTINIDAE. 


fi8 


throe  basnl  joints  shiniiifj.  Mosusternutn  squaro,  side  iiioccs  not 
visible;  meta.stornum  short,  sulo  pieces  covered  l»y  tlie  elylni. 
Anterior  and  middle  eoxiu  iarffe,  eonieal,  prominent,  e(mtiji,ii(ius; 
liind  eo.vie  eoiiieiil,  transverse,  pntiiiinent,  contijjuous.  Leu-s  long 
and  slender;  lildal  spurs  i>l»S()l(!te;  tarsi  slntrt,  r)-joinled;  the 
joints  1 — 4  of  the  hind  tursi  closely  united,  dimiuishing  iu  length  ; 
claws  moderate,  simple. 

The  head  is  suddenly  constrieled  behind,  forming  a  neck  ;  the 
thorax  is  ovate,  convex,  not  much  lurger  than  the  head.  Klytro. 
ovate,  convex,  dilated  from  tlie  base  for  two-thirds  of  their  length, 
then  broadly  rounded.  Abdomen  with  six  free  ventral  segments, 
the  first  almost  covered  by  the  jtrominent  hind  coxa!. 

I  formerly  placed  this  genus  in  Scydmujnidie,  but  the  diilerent 
form  of  the  posterior  coxiu  and  palpi  ))revenls  it  from  retaining 
that  position;  while  it  a})pears,  on  the  other  hand,  to  constitute 
a  very  aberrant  form  of  the  present  family,  or  possibly  even  a 
distinct  family. 


Fam.  VIII.— scydm.exidae. 


^I'W 


Menturn  transverse,  trapezoidal ;  ligula  small,  corneous, 
emarginate. 

Maxillio  with  two  ciliate  unarmed  lobes;  nalpi  long,  with 
the  last  joint  very  small. 

Antennas  inserted  upon  the  front,  at  the  inner  margin  of 
the  eyes  (except  in  one  foreign  genus,  Chevrolatia),  gradually 
thickened  or  slightly  clavate. 

Eyes  composed  of  large  lenses, 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  distinct;  prostcrnum 
not  visible  between  the  coxre. 

!Mesosternum  elongate,  triangular,  more  or  less  carinate, 
side  pieces  reaching  the  coxa). 

Metasternum  large,  side  pieces  narrow,  epimera  distinct. 

Elytra  convex,  covering  the  abdomen ;  wings  sometimes 
wanting. 

Abdomen  with  six  free  ventral  segments. 

Anterior  coxa)  conical,  prominent,  contiguous;  middle 
coxa)  conical,  slightly  prominent,  somewhat  distant ;  poste- 
rior coxa)  small,  conical,  widely  separated. 

Legs  moderate,  thighs  usually  clavate,  tarsi  5-jointed,  claws 
simple. 


.If. 


j!*E"||     'J 


■Si'' 

V  7r    *     ■^     ,< 


'■'.V'vlV'-*'" 


wlWi 


I:-.;    ', 


r)4 


C0LE(1PTERA  OF  NOUTH  AMEUICA. 


Those  are  famuli,  sliiiiiiif.'-,  usually  ovate,  sometimes  slender  in- 
sects, uf  a  brown  eolor,  more  or  less  clothed  with  oreet  Imirs. 
They  are  t'uuiid  variously,  near  water,  under  stones,  in  ants'  nests, 
and  under  bark,  and  are  rre(iuently  seen  Hying  in  tiie  twilight. 

Tlio  general  form  is  that  of  Pselaphidie,  from  which  they  differ 
by  tin:  long  elytra  and  the  conical  distant  posterior  coxa). 

Our  genera  arc  : — 

Antttnn.T  geniculate ;  first  joint  as  long  as  vlie  two  following.  Micuostemma. 
Aii't'nn.v  straight, ; 
First  joint  of  lal)ial  palpi  very  short ; 

Posterior  trochanters  long,  situated  in  the  axis  of  the  thighs. 

KuMICKPS. 

Posterior  trochanters  small,  on  the  internal  face  of  the  tliiglis. 

tScVDM;ii.NL'S. 

First  join'  of  lahial  palpi  distinct ; 

I'rotii<irax  cjaadrate,  not  wider  than  the  elytra.  Ki'thkia. 

Prothorax  transverse,  wider  than  the  elytra.  CEruKN.Niru. 

Eutheia  has  occurred  in  Russian  America,  and  Cephennium  in 
the  Atlantic  States.  Scydmu^nus  is  represented  l.y  numerous 
species  on  both  sides  of  the  continent.  Eumicrus  is  represented 
by  i,'i/.  Zimmermanni  in  the  Southern  States. 


,     I'ci      .'J        ■•■       -■• 


Fam.  IX.— rSELAPHTDAE. 

Mentum  small,  corneous,  more  o:^  less  quadrate;  ligula 
very  small,  membranous,  with  large  diverging  paraglodsiu; 
labial  p.".ipi'very  small. 

Maxilhe  with  membranous  ciliated  lobes,  the  outer  mucV 
larger  than  the  inner;  j^alpi  usually  very  long,  and  4-jointe(.l. 

Mand'bles  usually  broad  and  short,  with  the  tip  curved 
and  acute. 

Antennae  1 1-jointed  (rarely  10-jointed)  in  the  second  sub- 
family; 1-  to  ti-jointed  iu  the  first,  usually  clavate,  rarely 
inonilifortn. 

Eyes  composed  of  large  lenses,  sometimes  wanting. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces!  not  distinct;  prosternum 
almost  obsolete  between  thecoxic,  coxal  cavities  open  behind. 

M';sosternum  short,  obsolete  between  the  coxaj. 

^^etasternura  large,  side  pieces  simple. 

illlytra  truncate,  short,  leaving  the  abdomen  exposed ; 
wings,  when  present,  folded  beneath  the  elytra. 

Abdomen  w-.th  five  or  six  free  but  not  flexible  ventral 


..L^*y  «' 


PSELAr/riDAE. 


segments;  dorsjil  segments  entirely  corneous,  free  in  the 
second  sub-family,  the  anierioi  ones  connute  in  the  first. 

Anterior  coxai  conical,  prominent,  contiguous;  middle 
coxio  rounded,  contiguous;  posterior  coxic  uarrov.',  trans- 
verse, usually  no);  contiguous. 

Legs  long;  femora  stout;  tibito  usually  slender,  and  with- 
out spurs;  tarsi  short,  8-jointed,  the  first  joint  very  .short,  the 
second  long,  exr;ept  in  Clavigeridte  and  in  Faroims;  clavvsi 
simple,  sometimes  equal,  sometimes  unequal,  and  frequ-^utly 
single. 

The  species  of  this  family  are  very  small,  not  exceeding  otte- 
eiglith  of  an  inch,  and  of  a  clicstnut-brown  color,  usually  slightly 
])ube.seeiit ;  the  head  and  thorax  are  most  freijueutly  narrow*.'!' 
Ilian  the  elytra  ami  abdomen,  which  is  convex,  and  usually  obtuse 
at  tip.  Many  are  found  (lying  in  twilight;  their  habits  at  otlitr 
time':  are  various,  some  Ixiing  found  in  ants'  nests,  while  others 
occur  iHider  stones  and  hark.  Xorth  America  seems  to  be  rich  in 
this  family ;  more  than  fifty  sj)ecies  are  known  to  me,  and  several 
of  the  genera  have  not  ocearnHl  in  other  countries. 

This  faunly  approaches  eiosely  the  Staiihylinidie,  hut  the  ven- 
tral segments  are  fewer  in  nundjer,  and  not  freely  moving,  and 
the  eyes  arc  composed  of  large  lenses. 

.iVccording  to  the  structure  of  the  antenna>  ami  abdomen,  I 
divide  them  into  two  sub-families,  which  are  regarded  as  tribes 
jjy  Lacordaire,  groups  by  Duval,  aud  as  families  by  the  German 
authorities. 


Ante mae  with  leas  than  six  joints. 
Anteniiffi  11-jointed,  rAic.'y  10-jointed. 


Clavioerid/B. 

PeELAl'UU)..». 


'M<^^ ; 


■.  .vf.,«-  it; 


'': .  yf 


t, 


X-;.  ■,::•.  X-'' 


-■V, 


Sub-Family  I.— CLAVIGERIDAE. 

This  sub-family  is  represented  in  our  fauna,  thus  far.  only  by 
Ailranes  csecus  Lee.,  found  in  ants'  nests  in  the  upper  part  of 
(I'eorgia.  The  genus  Adraiies  is  distinguished  by  the  auteume 
having  but  two  joints,  and  by  the  absence  of  eyes 

The  genera  of  this  sub-family  have  the  head  nan'ow,  and  the 
palpi  rudimentary,  of  but  one  joint;  the  three  anterior  dorsnl 
segments  are  connate,  and  deeply  excavated,  forming  a  hu>'e 
cavity,  at  the  sides  of  which,  and  at  the  external  apii.'ul  aujrle 
of  the  elytra,  are  tufts  of  hair.     The  anis  which  support  these 


::■':   .  J*5' 


1.^ 


"■*:> 


I-     ■  ■!  • 


66 


CdLEOl'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


insects,  by  cart'ssiiiff  those  tufts  of  liiiir  with  tlieir  antennae  cause 
the  exudation  of  a  ihiid,  whicili  thr ;  greedily  swallow.  The  lirst 
and  second  joints  of  the  tarsi  are  very  short;  the  third  is  loug, 
with  a  single  claw. 


Sub-Family  II.— PSELAriTIDAE  (penuini). 

In  tliese  tlic  abdominal  segments  arc  all  separate,  and  the 
antenna'  have  eleven  distinct  joints,  except  in  certain  species  of 
Brya.xis,  where  l)iit  ten  joints  e.xist;  they  are  usually  gradually 
clavate,  but  in  Ceoi)hyllus  are  composed  of  e(pial  globular  joints. 

Two  tribes  are  indicated,  as  follows: — 

Posterior  eoxse  transverse,  not  prominent,  not  contiguous.      rsELAi-iiiNi 
Posterior  coxte  conical,  prominent,  contiguous.  Edplectiki. 


Tribe  I.-PSELAPIII.\I. 

Tlicso  species  are  always  narrowed  in  front,  and  liavc  the  cha- 
racteristic form  of  this  family,  while  those  of  the  next  tr  'le  are 
slender,  linear,  and  frc(piently  depressed,  so  ns  to  resemble  Sta- 
pliylinida^,  of  the  tribe  Oxytelini.  The  form  of  the  hind  coxa^  at 
once  distinguishes  them  from  the  next  tribe.  The  second  joint 
of  the  tarsi  is  always  long. 

According  to  the  laser tiou  of  the  antenna;,  I  divide  this  tribe 
into  *.wo  groups  : — 


Antennae  inserted  on  two  approximate  tubercles. 
Autenuie  distant,  inserted  at  the  side  of  the  head. 


P.SELAPni. 

Bryaxeb. 


Group.  I. — Pselaphl. 

In  this  group  the  antenna^  are  approximate,  and  inserted  under 
a  large  frontal  elevation,  which  is  channelled.  The  abdomen  is 
strongly  margined. 

Tarsi  with  ungues  two,  equal ; 
Antenn*  moniliform  ; 

Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  two  joints  very  transverse  and  lamelli- 
form.  Ci;<ii'iiiLi,i's. 

Antenna?  clavate  ;  last  joints  gradually  larger  ; 
Maxillary  palpi  with  the  third  joint  transverse,  triangular  •  the  fourth 

larj^er,  convex.  Ckdius. 

Maxillary  j)alpi  with  lateral  seti.".)rm  appendages  ; 

Last  joint  lunate ;  ikbdomeu  cariuate.  Tmesipl"":ius. 


PSELAI>TII1»AE. 


57 


Last  joint  trnii-'Vorso,  Himilar  to  the  pounltiinate,  Ctknistes. 

Maxillary  paljii  with  the  la^    joint  oval,  with  a,  Huiull  termiiial  seta. 

TlfRUH. 

Antennno  with  the  last  joint  largo,  rounded  ; 

Maxillary  palpi  with  tho  third  joint  very  small ;  tlio  foAirth  long,  cylin- 
drical. Ckucocekus. 
Tarsi  with  a  single  unguis  ;  maxillary  i)al])i  excessively  long  ; 
Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  club-shaped.  I'sKLAPni'S. 
Maxillary  palpi  with  tho  last  joint  hatchet-shaped.  Tyciius. 

The  anterior  troeliiiiiters  and  tliif^lis  are  armed  with  aeute  spines 
in  Ceujihyihis  and  Cedins.  Ilamutus  was  I'oiuidcd  by  Aul)e  on  u 
species  (//.  humeraliii)  wliieh  I  cannot  consider  as  jtroperly  se))a- 
rated  from  Tyrus,  and,  misled  by  his  description,  1  siilis(Miiiciitly 
described  it  as  T.  cumpar.  Tlie  genera  are  all  representeil  in  the 
Atlantic  Stiiles;  thus  far  only  Cteaistes  and  Tychus  have  been 
fuui'd  iu  Calii'oniia. 


-& 

¥ 


Group  II.— Bryaxea. 

The  uiitcnnte  are  distant  at  base,  and  inserted  at  tho  sides  of 
the  head.  The  palj)!  have  not  the  extraordinary  diivclnprnent 
seen  in  the  previous  group,  but  the  last  joint  is  oval  or  fusiform. 

Abdomen  margined  ;  tarsi  with  a  singlo  unguis  ; 

Antennic  with  tlie  last  three  joints  larger  (body  pubescent).     BnvAxiS. 

Antenuje  short,  with  the  last  joint  very  large  (body  glabrous). 

EcrsEsirs. 
Abdomen  not  margined  ;  ungiies  two,  unequal.  Batrisus. 

"With  Batrisus  I  liave  combined  Arfhmius  Lee.,  described  as 
liaving  but  a  single  unguis;  ren(!wed  examination,  with  a  power- 
ful microscope,  has  shown  me  that  there  is  a  second  very  small 
unguis  present.  The  antenntc  are  frequently  vi^ry  dillerent  in 
form  in  the  sexes  of  the  same  species  of  Bryaxis  and  Batrisus; 
these  two  genera  are  also  represented  in  the  Pacilic  district. 


I"r: 


■i'l'    '     'i'. 


iius. 


Tribe  II.-Erpi,ECTI!VI. 

The  insects  of  this  tribe  have  a  more  depressed  and  linear  form 
than  is  seen  in  the  preceding  tribe,  and  approach  thus  to  the 
next  family.  The  anteiuiic  are  always  distant,  and  the  abdomen 
strongly  margined.  The  postcrinr  coxie  are  conical,  prominent, 
and  contiguous.    The  abdomen  has  six  distinct  ventral  segments. 

Auteuuie  geniculate  ;  tarsi  with  a  single  unguis.  Ruexius. 


■■'■   •■    ■    •■''1R" 


•!/''% 


m 


?■  1 


.I* 


'»„ 


58 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Anteunre  straight ; 

Tarsi  with  a  single  unguis  ; 
Becond  ventral  segment  elongatei'. ;  last  joint  of  antennae  very  large. 

TUIMIUM. 

Second  ventral  segment  not  longer  than  the  third.  Eui>lecti'8. 

Tarsi  with  two  equal  ungues.  Faro>'L'8. 

The  last  f^ciius  is  represented  by  F.  Tolulse  in  tlie  southern 
Atlantic  Stales,  by  F.  habeUse  in  California,  and  by  F.  ixirvircps 
{Euplcdus  parvicojyx  Miiklin)  in  Russian  America.  Triniium 
has  been  found  in  Russian  America.  The  other  genera  are  not 
represented  near  the  I'aeilic  coast. 


i.M'i' 


Kf-'- 


Fam.  X.— staphylinidae. 

Mentum  quadrate,  usually  trapezoidal,  the  anterior  part 
separate;  ligula  rarely  corneous,  usually  membranous  or  co- 
riaceous; paraglossa;  usually  distinct;  palpi  usually  3-jointed, 
rarely  (in  certain  Aleocbarini)  with  four,  two,  or  even  one 
joint. 

Maxilla3  with  two  lobes,  usually  ciliate;  palpi  4-jointed, 
except  in  Aleochara,  where  there  are  five  joints. 

Antenna)  variable  in  insertion  and  form,  11-jointed,  rarely 
10-jointed, 

Eyes  usually  finely  granulated. 

Prothorax  with  tlie  side  pieces  not  separate,  pros.ernuna. 
variable  in  form,  coxal  cavities  usually  open  behind. 

Mesosternum  short,  side  pieces  large,  epimera  distinct. 

Metasternum  moderately  large,  side  pieces  narrow,  epimera 
distinct. 

Elytra  truncate,  leaving  a  great  part  of  the  abdomen  ex- 
posed, except  in  certain  Omalini;  wings,  when  present,  folded 
under  the  elytra. 

Abdomen  with  seven  or  eight  visible  segments,  freely 
movable,  and  entirely  corneous  both  above  and  beneath. 

Legs  variable  in  length  and  form ;  anterior  coxa3  usually 
large,  conical,  prominent,  and  contiguous,  rarely  (Piesiidai) 
rounded,  not  prominent,  or  (Micropeplidoe)  transverse,  not 
prominent;  middle  coxae  conical,  oblique,  not  prominent, 
sometimes  contiguous,  sometimes  distant;  hind  cox;b  variable 
in  form,  contiguous,  except  in  Micropeplida),  where  they  are 
small,  rounded,  and  distant. 

Tarsi  usually  5-jointeu,  rarely  -i-jointed,  and  in  Micrope- 
plida)  and  certain  Oxytelini  o-jointed;  in  many  genera  of 


STAPUYLIN'IDAE. 


50 


Aleocharini  the  anterior  tarsi  are  4  jointed,  while  the  rniddlc 
aad  hiud  tarsi  have  five  joints. 

Tliis  family  eiu))raccs  a  vory  laru-o  iimiil)er  of  species,  iimstly 
of  small  size,  and  in  many  parts  of  the  body  slujws  a  very  g'reat 
range  of  variation.  Genera  with  short  elytra  oeear  in  several 
families  of  Coleoptera,  hnt  in  no  other  are  they  associated  with 
an  entirely  corneous  abdomen  having  seven  or  eiglit  visiljle  seg- 
ments. 

I  have  separated  the  family  into  the  same  divisions  as  those 
adopted  l)y  Kraatz  in  the  second  volume  of  the  Inseeten  Deutsch- 
lands,  but  I  am  not  in  accord  with  him  in  considering  them  ail  iis 
of  equal  value  in  classiftcation.  The  form  of  the  anterior  coxiu 
seems  to  me  of  greater  significance  than  the  other  characters  used 
in  separating  tlie  dilferent  groups  which  have  been  previously 
called  tribes,  ami  I  have  made  the  primary  division  on  the  form 
of  those  organs  into  sub-families. 

The  prothoracic  I)reatliing-porcs  (stigmata)  arc  visible  in  cer- 
tain tribes  ('Aleocharini,  Tachyporini,  Stapliylinini),  but  invisible 
in  the  rest  of  the  family.  This  character  is  sometimes  dillicult  to 
perceive ;  but  I  have  not  been  able  to  follow  the  example  of  Duvul, 
in  excluding  it  from  a  primary  place  in  tlie  synoptic  table  of  tribes. 

I  would  divide  the  family  into  three  sub-families: — 

Anterior  coxre  prominent ;  anterior  coxal  cavities  open  beliiml. 

SlAPnYLIXID.E. 

Anterior  coxre  not  prominent ;  anterior  coxal  cavities  entire  ; 

Anterior  coxic  globose,  posterior  contitrnous.  Piestid.b. 

Anterior  coxoe  transverse,  posterior  distant.  Mickopeplid.*. 

Sub-Family  I.— STAPHYLINIDAE  (genuini). 

This  sul)-family  contains  the  great  bulk  of  the  species,  and  is 
much  less  homogeneous  than  the  other  two;  tlie  tribes  composing 
it  are  as  folh"  ws : — 

A.  Prothoracic  stigmata  visible  ;  insertion  of  tlie  aiitennnR — 

Upon  the  front,  at  the  internal  margin  of  tlie  eyes.  I.  Aleocharini. 
Under  the  sides  of  the  front,  behind  the  mandibles.  II.  Tacuyporim. 
At  the  anterior  margin  of  the  front,  inside  of  the  mandibles. 

III.  Htapiiymm.vi. 

B.  Prothoracic  stigmata  not  visible,  covered  by  the  sides  of  the  pronotum  ; 

Posterior  ooxa>  conical,  anterior  coxre  large.  IV.   PfliiiKniNi. 

Posterior  coxiB  conical,  anterior  coxK)  small.  V.  Stemni, 


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60  COLKdl'TKllA  OF  NOllTU  AMKlllCA. 

Posterior  coxa>  trjiiisver.se  ; 
Autorior  I'ox.i'  larj,'!',  aiiteniiip  geiiiculato.  VI.  Oxytelini. 

Anterior  coxa^  lar^'e,  itnteiiiiie  straiglit,  oeelli  two.  VII.  Omalini. 
Aiiteiior  t'()xa>  ti'aiisverse,  not  very  proiiiiiieiit.  V'lll.  1'uutkimni. 
Auterior  cosiu  largo,  autuuux'  btraiylit,  ouclli  uoiio. 

IX.  rULOJCUARINI. 


.\ 


Tribe  I.— ALEOCIIAIIIM. 

The  protluiracic  stigmatii  in  this  tri1i(!  xnw  not  covered  ))y  the 
iullexed  portion  of  the  ])ronotum;  but,  witliout  reference  to  this 
cliaructer,  the  insertion  of  the  antennte  upon  the  front  will  distin- 
guish the  genera  from  those  of  all  other  tribes  except  the  lir.st 
group  of  Steiur',  and  these  will  be  readily  known  by  the  small 
anterior  coxie. 

Groups  are  indicated  by  the  following  characters: — 

Internal  lolio  of  the  maxilla;  membranous  internally,  and  ciliate  ; 

Eyes  not  jironiiiient ;  third  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  moderately  (>longated. 

Alhociiak.i:. 

Eyes  prominent ;  thir    .,,iint  of  maxillary  palpi  thickened.  Gykoimi.kn.k. 
Internal  lolie  of  tlie  maxilla)  elongated,  entirely  corneous,  hooked  at  the  tip, 

and  serrate  internally.  Gviim's.e. 

Group  I. — Aleocharae. 

In  this  group  the  interior  lobe  of  the  niaxillix;  has  the  internal 
margin  membranous  and  ciliate;  the  nnixillary  palj)!  are  moderate 
ill  length,  with  the  second  and  third  joints  moderately  elongated, 
the  fourth  small,  subulate,  distinct,  and  in  Aleochara  with  an 
additional  very  small  fifth  joint.     The  eyes  are  never  very  convex. 

The  genera  of  this  group  arc  very  numerous,  and  frequently 
catinot  be  distinguished  without  the  most  close  examination,  or 
even  dissection;  it  is  consequently  imjjossible,  within  the  limits 
of  a  work  like  the  present,  to  give  such  characters  as  will  enable 
the  student  to  recognize  them  with  certainty.  Those  who  are 
sufficiently  advanced  to  study  this  group  must,  therefore,  refer  to 
the  works  of  Erichson,  Duval,  and  Kraatz  for  full  information. 
Several  of  the  genera  recently  established  by  Kraatz  will  probably 
be  found  represented  in  our  fauna ;  but  I  have  confined  myself  in 
the  table  to  those  actually  known  to  me  as  occurring. 

A.  Anterio.  tarsi  4-jointed  ;  middle  and  liind  tarsi  .'')-jointed  ; 

Head  i.iiistricted  behind  into  a  iianow  neck;  lir,-<t  joint  of  hind  tarsi 
elongated  (thorax  cordate,  usually  deeply  channelled.)  Falaokia. 


BTAPIIYLINIOAK. 


61 


Ilcail  not  foii.striutod  into  a  Uiurow  m;clc  ; 

A.  Joiutd  of  hind  tarsi  u(iufil,  or  sligiiliy  decroasing  in  length  ; 

Anterior  and  middlo  libiaj  atrougiy  spinous  exturnally. 

I'liVTOiiL'S, 

Tibia)  not  spinous  ; 
Labial  palpi  ;i-jointod ; 
Ligiila  long,  siciidur,  bifid  at  tho  extremity  ;  joints  of  liind 

tarsi  1 — 4  i^iiiial.  Hoi'Landima. 

Ligula  short,  bilid ;  joints  of  hind  tarsi  1 — 4  ili'uri'ahiiig  in 

ItJllgth.  lIoMAI.OTA. 

Labial  palpi  very  long,  two-jointed  ;  joints  of  hind  tarsi  1 — 4 
equal.  Stkm'sa. 

B.  Hind  tarsi  with  the  first  joint  d(!ci(li'dly  longer  than  the  second  ; 

a.  Maxillie  witli  inner  lobe  ciiiat(!  internally,  with  small  spines  ; 

Labial  paljji  short,  2-jointed.  I'lacusa. 

Labial  palpi  3-joiiiti'(l,  joints  quite  distinrt ; 

Antenna-  slendcir;  abdomen  narrowed  in  front;  li;;ulaslioit, 
bilid  ;  labial  palpi  with  the  first  joint  longer,  second  and 
third  e(iual.  Tachyuha. 

AntenniB  thick  ;  ligula  long,  bifid  at  the  tip  ;  labial  i)alpi 

with  the  second  joint  shorter.  Boi,ito(  iiaka. 

Antenna)  thick;  ligula  elongate,  narrow,  entire  at  tip; 
labial  palpi  with  the  first  joint  shorter  and  wider  than 
tho  second.  I'liii.oTr.UMKS. 

b,  Maxilbe  with  the  inner  lobe  ciliate,  with  hairs  ;  at  the  apex 

with  some  corneous  hooks  ; 
Hind  angles  of  thorax  indistinct ;  abdomen  of  the  usual  form. 

Mykmkdonia. 
Hind  angles  of  thorax  distinct ;  sides  of  thorax  and  abdomen 
widely  refloxed,  tho  latter  with  tufts  of  hair  on  the  sides 
above.  Atimeles. 

B.  All  the  tarsi  fj-jointed  ; 

Palpi  with  a  small  additional  terminal  joint.  Alec  :uara. 

Maxillary  palpi  4-joiiited,  labial  15-jointed  ; 

Head  not  narrowed  behind  ;  first  joint  of  hind  t.^rsi  distinctly  elon- 
gated.* OXYl'ODA. 
Head  narrowed  behind;  first  joint  of  hind  tarsi  scarcely  elongated. 

Pni,(EorouA. 

The  species  of  Iloraolota  are  very  numerous ;  the  otiier  genera 
are  moderate  ia  size,  or  represented  only  by  single  species. 


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Group  II.— Gyrophaenae. 

The  species  of  this  group  are  suuill,  of  an  oval  form,  much 

*  Here  helongs  the  genus  Mynnecnchara  Krnntz  (Linn.  Eiit.,  xi.  40),  but 
from  the  description  1  am  unable  to  discover  any  distinctive  character  be- 
tween it  and  Oxypoda. 


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COLEOPTKRA  OP  NOllTII  AMERICA. 


broader  than  those  of  the  previous  groui),  and  arc  easily  distin- 
guislied  by  tlie  prominent  eyes,  and  by  the  third  joint  of  the 
maxillary  pal[ii  being  thiekened.  They  live  exclusively  In  fungi, 
and  are  gregarious;  they  are  remarkable  for  the  smooth  shining 
surface,  almost  destitute  of  hairs  or  punctures.  The  anterior  tarsi 
are  4-jointed,  and  the  middle  and  i)osterior  ones  5-jointed;  the 
first  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  is  elongated ;  the  thorax  is  distinctly 
margined.     The  labial  palpi  have  but  two  joints. 

Our  species  belong  to  Gyrojilnena,  which  is  distinguished  from 
the  other  genera  of  the  gron[)  by  the  entire  ligula,  and  the  very 
short  secoud  joiut  of  the  labial  palpi. 

Group  III.— Gymnusae. 

In  this  group  the  lobes  of  the  maxilhe  arc  long  and  slender, 
the  inner  one  is  entirely  corneous,  serrate  internally,  and  houked 
at  the  apex.  The  maxillary  palpi  have  the  second  and  third 
joints  very  long,  and  the  fourth  not  very  distinct.  The  head  is 
deflexed,  pointed  in  front ;  the  antenna*  slender ;  the  thorax  and 
elytra  broad,  and  the  abdomen  strongly  but  gradually  narrowed 
behind,  so  that  a  form  is  assumed  approaching  that  of  some 
members  of  the  next  tribe. 

Labial  palpi  setaceous,  with  two  indistinct  joints  ;  anterior  tarsi  4-jointed, 
posterior  ones  5-jointed  ;  ligula  short,  entire.  Myi.l.^na. 

Labial  palpi  large,  3-jointed,  last  joint  very  small ;  tarsi  3-jointed;  ligula 
large,  bifid  ;  lobes  nearly  as  long  as  the  palpi.  Uinopsis. 

Thus  far  species  have  occurred  only  in  the  Atlantic  States ; 
they  are  but  three  in  number  (one  Myllojua,  two  Diuopsis),  and 
are  found  in  very  wet  places. 


4-: 


't\'- 


Tribe  IL— TACHYPORINI. 

The  prothoracic  spiracles  are  visible ;  the  anterior  coxfe  are 
large,  conical,  and  prominent,  with  the  trochanters  very  distinct. 
The  antenna?  are  inserted  under  the  lateral  margin  of  the  front. 

The  species  are  usually  convex,  with  the  thorax  always  ample, 
arched,  and  highly  polished,  and  the  abdomen  conical,  sometimes 
very  short.     They  are  found  partly  in  fungi,  partly  under  bark. 

Our  genera  are  easily  distinguished  by  the  following  taltle  : — 

A.  AnteuusB  10-jointed,  tarsi  4-joiuted  (body  very  small,  convex). 

Hyi'ocyptus. 


STAPIIYLINIOAE. 


03 


B.  AuteniiaJ  11-joiuted  (tarai  S-jointed  in  all  of  our  gencia)  ; 

A.  Elytra  longer  tliaii  the  breast,  equably  jjuuctured ;  ligula  not  nar- 

rowed anteriorly ; 
Abdomeu  margined ; 

Mesosternum  carinate  ;  maxillary  palpi  filiform  ; 
First  joint  of  hind  tarsi  very  long.  Lkccopakyiius. 

First  joint  of  land  tarsi  not  elongated.  Coi-uoi'uucs. 

Mesosteinum  not  carinate  ; 
Maxillary  palpi  filiform.  Taciiincs. 

Maxillary  paljii  subulate.  Taciiyi-ohus. 

Abdomen  not  margined  ;  body  finely  pubescent.  Conosoma. 

B.  Elytra  as  long  as  the  breast,  smooth,  or  with  three  rows  of  jiunctuies  ; 

ligula  narrowed  at  the  apex  ; 
Maxillary  palpi  filiform.  Boi.rroniDS. 

Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  conical,  acute.        Hkyoi'ouus. 
Maxillary  palpi  subulate.  Mvietopokcs. 

The  species  of  Bolitobins  usually  have  the  head  much  elongated  ; 
when,  however,  the  head  is  oval,  they  approach  closely  to  tiic  gc- 
nn.s  Quedius  of  the  next  tribe,  but  are  recognized  by  the  anteinue 
being  inserted  at  the  lateral  margin  of  the  front,  near  the  eyes, 
and  not  at  the  anterior  angle  of  the  frontal  margin,  as  iu  C^uedius. 

Tribe  III.— STAPnYLI\l.\I. 

In  this  tribe  the  spiracles  of  the  prothorax  arc  visible,  but  the 
anteume  are  situated  at  the  anterior  margin  of  the  front,  and 
ditfer  in  position  in  the  three  sub-tribes.  The  anterior  coxa;  are 
large  and  conical ;  the  trochanters  of  the  hind  legs  are  promi- 
nent; the  abdomen  is  strongly  margined. 

Lateral  margin  of  the  thorax  simple.  Quedhni. 

Lateral  margin  of  the  thorax  double  ; 

Antennre  distant.  Stapiiylinini, 

Autenme  approximated.  Xantiiolisini. 


Mm 

■  ■  Jilt'- ,  fh'ti 


Sub-Tribe  1.— Quediilli. 

The  antennsB  are  inserted  at  the  anterior  point  of  the  lateral 
margin  of  the  front ;  the  thorax  is  smooth  and  glabrous,  with 
but  few  dorsal  punctures  (except  in  Euryporus),  and  its  lateral 
margin  is  single  and  acute,  as  usual. 

The  body  is  usually  fusiform,  sometimes  linear.  The  species 
are  found  in  various  situations;  Quedius  under  stones  and  bark 
iu  damp  forests,  Euryporus  and  Acylophorus  near  water.     The 


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COT.KOI'TKIIA  OK  NdHTII  AMKUICA. 


lal)niin  is  usiiully  iiiargiiiod  willi  iiR'iulinuic,  uiiil  usimllv,  tli()ii;j;h 
not  always,  Itilultcd. 

Tliis  siili-lribo  is  very  closely  related  to  llic  j)re('ediiip  tribe, 
l)iit  the  (liHeroiieo  in  the  position  of  the  unlcniiiu  will  enable  the 
student  to  avoid  eonfoundinjr  tlieni  to<relher. 

The  tarsi  are  .O-Jointed,  tlie  middle  enxie  eontignous,  the  hind 
tarsi  not  dilated,  and  the  maxillary  palpi  not  dilated,  in  all  of 
our  genera. 

Anteiina>  geniculate,  tho  first  joint  ('lniigat«(l.  ArYMU'iioiirs. 

Auteuua;  gunioulate,  Jlrst  joint  mo<lmatu  ;  anterior  tarsi  narrow. 

Kl.'llYIMIlU'S. 

Antounie  str;ii{,'lit,  lirst  joint  moderate  ;  anterior  tarsi  dilated  ; 

I'rothor.'icii;  .spiracles  uncovered;  ]ial|>i  subulate.  Uetkiiotiiops. 

Prothoraciu  spiracles  covered,  palpi  fllilbrm.  Uli:ijius. 

Sub-Tribo  2.— Stapliyliiiiiii  (gcnuini). 

The  antennic  are  inserted  on  the  anterior  maruin  of  tlie  front, 
inside  of  the  base  of  the  mandibles,  but  distant  from  each  otluT. 
Tlie  tliora.x  is  more  or  less  convex,  frecpieiitly  densely  puuetured, 
with  the  lateral  margin  duulile ;  the  prothoraeie  spiraeles  an- 
always  visible  and  uncovered;  the  hibrum  is  always  bilol)ed;  the 
anteiiiiai  are  never  geuioulate.  The  suture  is  imbricate  only  in 
Thiiiopinus. 

The  species  live  on  decomposing  animal  and  vegetable  .sub- 
stances, or  on  excrements;  rarely  (Thiiiopinus)  on  the  shores  of 
the  ocean,  below  high-water  mark.  Some  of  them  are  the  largest 
of  tlr  family. 

The  genus  Staphyliaus,  as  set  forth  by  Erichsou,  has  been  dis- 
membered by  later  authors,  to  form  several  of  the  genera  below 
mentioned. 

A.  Maxillary  palpi  with  tho  fourth  joint  shorter  than  the  third ; 

Thorax  smooth,  narrowed  at  the  base  ; 

Middle  cox.'e  contiguous,  suture  imbricated,  wings  none. 

TniNoriNus. 

Middle  coxre  distant,  suture  straight.  CuKopnii.i'.s. 

Tliorax  punctured,  pubescent,  narrowed  at  the  base.    Listoteophus. 

B.  Maxillary  palpi  with  the  fourth  joint  equal  to  or  longer  than  tlie  third  ; 

Marginal  lines  of  tho  thorax  separate,  wings  none.  IIadkotes. 

Marginal  lines  of  the  thorax  separate,  wings  distinct,  last  joint  of  la- 
bial palpi  truncate.  TuiGONOPiionDS. 

Marginal  lines  of  the  thorax  united  near  the  apex,  body  winged; 
Ligula  emarginate ; 


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ST.VrilYLINIDAE. 


65 


MiiMlii  coxm  sli^litly  si'iiarato  ;  abJomeu  narrowed  at  tip  (tlioriix 

imucturoil,  i)iil)t'S(.'('iit).  lsTAnivi.iM'.s.* 

Middle  ooxio  contiguous  ;  abdomeu  very  loug,  parallol.  Oovi'UH. 
Lifjula  tMitiro  ; 

Feiiinia  uiianriHd.  PiiiLONTiiirs. 

Femora  spiiioua  beneath.  Uulonucuuh. 

Sub-Tribe  3.— Xailtlioliniiii. 

The  antennic  aro  inserted  near  the  middle  of  the  anterior  mnr- 
giu  of  the  front,  and  approximated;  tiiey  are  geniculate  in  our 
genera;  the  thorax  is  long  and  rectangular,  with  rows  of  punc- 
tures, of  which  tlie  outer  ones  are  curved ;  the  lateral  margin  is 
douljle,  and  the  prothoraeie  spiracles  are  uncovered.  The  head 
is  usually  etpial  in  size  to  the  thorax,  and  is  narrowed  behind 
into  a  small  neck.  The  suture  of  the  elytra  is  imbricated  in  our 
genera  when  the  antennas  are  strongly  genieidate. 

The  .species  are  found  under  moss  in  woods,  under  stones,  and 
bark. 

A.  Antennre  strongly  geniculated ;  suture  imbricated ;  middle  coxio  distant ; 

Taljii  lilifonii,  last  joint  longer.  Xantiioi.inuh. 

Palpi  witli  the  last  joint  subulate.  Lki-taci.nus. 

Palpi  with  the  last  joint  very  small,  subulate;  upper  marginal  lino  of 
protiiorax  obsolete.  Lkptolinith. 

B.  Antonnie  feebly  geniculated  ;  suture  entire  ; 

Thorax  oblong,  elytra  with  the  sutural  stria  obsolete.  Otuiuh. 

Thorax  oblong,  elytra  with  a  deep  sutural  .stria.  Baptolunus. 

Thorax  uarrowed  iu  front,  elytra  with  a  deep  sutural  stria.  Diocuus. 

Tribe  IV.— PiEDERINI. 

In  this  tribe  the  prothoraeie  spiracles  are  invisible,  being  co- 
vered by  the  sides  of  the  pronotum ;  the  space  behind  the  coxa)  is 
corneous  in  some,  membranous  in  others ;  the  anterior  coxae  are 
large,  conical,  and  prominent;  the  posterior  coxa'  also  conical 
and  prominent ;  the  antenna)  are  inserted  under  the  sides  of  the 
front;  the  mandibles  are  long  and  slender;  the  palpi  with  the 
last  joint  usually  minute.  The  abdomen  is  margined  in  all  of  our 
genera,  and  the  tarsi  are  5-jointed.  The  hind  trochanters  project 
inwards  but  slightly.  The  head  is  always  narrowed  suddenly 
behind,  forming  a  distinct  neck. 

*  The  acetabula  are  always  separated  by  the  mesosternum,  which  is, 
however,  frequently  exceedingly  narrow ;  they  are  conlluent  iu  Ocypus. 

6 


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Two  groups,  consulered  by  Erichson  as  tribes,  and  reunited  by 
Kraatz  (Insectcn  Deutsclilands,  II),  may  be  formed  : — 


I'.alpi  with  the  last  joint  very  small,  Bubulate. 
Palpi  with  the  last  joiut  equal  to  the  preuediug. 


P^DEHI. 
PiNUI'UILI. 


Group  I.— Paederl. 

The  gonorn  of  this  group  are  numerous,  and  are  found  under 
bark,  under  stones,  and  near  water.  The  form  of  the  palpi  rea- 
dily distinguishes  them  from  the  second  group. 

A.  Ilind  tarsi  with  the  fourth  joiut  uot  lobed  (proateruum  behind  the  cosw 

membranous) ; 
Antennne  geniculate.  Cryptouium. 

Antenn.'P  straight ; 
Hind  tarsi  with  the  joints  1 — 4  nearly  equal ; 
Thorax  SHlKjuadrate  ;  labrum  bilobod.  LATiinonii'M. 

Thorax  narrowed  in  front ;  labrum  4-toothed.  Scopjeus. 

Ilind  tarsi  with  the  joints  1 — 4  decreasing  gradually  in  length  ; 
Thorax  narrowed  in  front ; 

Labruiri  4-toothed  (last  two  segments  of  abdomen  elongated), 

EcillASTKR. 

Labrum  with  two  acute  teeth.  Sxaici's. 
Tliorax  subquadrate ; 

Labrum  with  two  small  teeth.  Litiiociiaris. 

Labrum  round   '.,  emarginate  at  tip.  DAc.NociiiLrs. 

Labium  entire,  elytra  very  short.  Lipauocepualus. 

B.  Ilind  tarsi  with  the  fourth  joint  lobed  ; 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  slender,  very  minute  ; 

Elytra  longer  than  the  thorax.  Sryirs. 

Klyf  ra  shorter  than  the  thorax.  Stilicopsis. 

Last  joiut  of  maxillary  palpi  obtuse.  P.Ei>EKrs. 

Group  II.— PinophiU. 

Very  elongated  cylindrical  species,  sometimes  of  large  size,  and 
found  under  bark  of  trees;  some  species  of  l*alrlniinus  arc  also 
found  on  leaves  of  trees.  Our  genera  arc  but  two,  both  of  wide 
distribution : — 


Abdomen  distinctly  margined. 
Abdomeu  uot  margined. 


PiNopnir.rs. 

PALAMIM'S. 


Tribe  v.— 8TEMIWI. 

In  this  tribe  the  prothoraeic  spiracles  are  concealed  by  the 
indexed  portion  of  the  pronotum;  the  anterior  coxa)  arc  small, 


STArnVLINTDAB. 


C7 


rnnionl,  itnd  itroiniiu'iit,  and  the  posterior  ones  are  coniral  nrnl 

proiiiiiK'iit.     Tin,'  iiiitt'iiiiK'  are  Ktraiglit,  with  the  last  throe  Joints 

larger  than  the  jtreeeding;  the  insertion  varies  in  the  dillerent 

gronjKs;  the  troeiianters  are  simple.    The  second  ventral  segment 

is  marked  with  two  slmrt  ridges.     The  first  joint  of  the  maxillary 

^  palj)i  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  seeond. 

Three  groups,  according  to  the  insertion  of  the  antennie,  arc 

obvious : — 

Antonuie  11-jointed,  ii:!«yrted  on  tlio  front,  between  the  large  eyes.  Stem. 
Auteuiiie  ll-juLuted,  iuBected  on  the  front,  in  front  uf  the  moderate  eye!<. 

Kr.KSTUETI. 

Autenux  10-joiuted,  inserted  under  the  lateral  margin  of  the  front. 

Mhoaloi'ES, 

Group  I.— Stenl. 

The  eyes  are  very  large  and  prominent  in  this  group,  so  tliat 
the  head  resembles  that  of  Cieindela;  the  antennie  are  inserted 
upon  the  front,  between  the  eyes.  The  labrum  is  entire,  and 
rounded  anteriorly.     The  tarsi  have  five  distinct  joints. 

Two  genera,  both  represented  in  our  fuuim,  are  known: — 

Parnjrloss.T  connate,  indistinct  (i«ody  finely  punctured).  DiANor.^. 

Paraglossa)  dilated,  rounded  (body  ooarsely  punctured).  Stents. 

The  species  of  this  tribe  arc  found  running  on  mud  near  water; 
those  of  Stenus  are  numerous,  and,  according  as  the  abdomen  is 
margined  or  not,  and  the  I'nurth  tarsal  joint  simple  or  bilnbcd, 
may  be  arranged  in  natural  groups;  the  genus  is  represented  ou 
both  sides  of  the  continent.  Of  Dianous  but  two  species  are 
known;  one  is  Eurojtcan,  the  other  was  found  by  me  on  the 
Koulhern  shore  of  Lake  tSuperior. 

The  ligula  is  attached  by  a  loose  membrane  in  Stenus,  and 
after  death  is  freiiuently  protruded  to  a  distance  equal  to  half  the 
length  of  the  body. 

Group  II.— Euaesthetl. 
But  two  genera,  containing  only  a  few  species,  compo.sc  this 


group. 
The 


■riicy 
oves  ar 


are  insects  of  very  small  size,  found  on  flowers. 

)rom 


1> 


nent ; 


the  antctiiue  are  inserted  on  the  front,  before  the  eyes,  at  the  base 
of  the  labrum,  which  is  denticulate  unteriorly.  The  tarsi  ure 
4-join 

Body  I 


ted. 

nincturcd 
liody  smooth. 


liBSTHKTrS. 

Kj>ai>ml-s. 


68 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


The  species,  thus  far,  are  found  only  in  the  Atlantic  district. 
Edapiius  possesses  but  one  species,  E.  nitidus,  from  Louisiana ; 
it  is  remarkable  for  simulating  in  appearance  a  Psolaphide  of  the 
tribe  Euplectini.  The  head  is  marked  with  two  deep  fovcuj,  and 
at  the  base  of  the  thorax  are  three  others.  The  upper  surface  is 
smooth,  and  the  elytra  are  slightly  pubescent;  the  color  is  uni- 
form, yellowish  red.* 

Group  III.— Megalopes. 

This  group  contains  but  a  single  genus,  Mcgalops.  having  the 
eyes  yet  larger  than  in  Stenus,  and  the  thorax  coarsely,  irregu- 
larly punctured,  and  marked  with  a  few  lateral  transverse  furrows. 
The  antennse  are  inserted  (as  in  the  next  tribe)  under  the  latcrol 
margin  of  the  front,  but  are  formed  as  in  Stenus,  except  that  they 
have  but  ten  joints ;  the  tarsi  are  5-jointcd. 

Two  species  are  known  to  me  from  the  Atlantic  district;  they 
are  found  under  the  bark  of  trees,  and  are  very  rare. 


■^^^i^ 


•jf- 


»^^:- 


M- 


Tribe  VI.— OXVTEL.INI. 

The  prothoracic  stigmata  are  covered  by  the  inflexed  portion 
of  the  pronotum ;  the  anterior  coxae  are  large,  conical  and  promi- 
nent; the  second  ventral  segment  is  without  any  ridges.  Tiic 
antcnnse  are  more  or  less  geniculated,  11 -jointed,  and  are  inserted 
under  the  lateral  margin  of  the  front;  the  first  joint  of  the  max- 
illary palpi  is  short. 

I  would  arrange  our  genera  in  three  groups,  as  follows : — 

Middle  coxae  at  the  sidea  of  the  breast.  Oxypori. 
Middle  coxffi  contiguous,  or  nearly  so  ; 

Abdomen  not  margined.  Osorii. 

Abdomen  margined.  Oxyteli. 

Group  I.— OaE3rpori. 

But  a  single  genus  is  known,  Oxyporus,  found  in  fungi.  The 
head  is  very  large,  with  the  eyes  small,  not  prominent,  tiie  man- 
dibles long  and  decussating,  not  dentate;  the  mentum  is  armed 

*  In  a  hind  leg  of  thia  apeciefl,  mounted  by  me  in  Canada  balsam,  there 
is  an  appearance,  iinder  the  lens  of  a  compound  microscope,  that  the  first 
joint  of  tlie  tarsi  projects  beneath,  in  the  form  of  a  membranons  lobe.  Thia 
structure  is  so  anomalous  in  the  present  family,  that  I  can  scarcely  believe 
my  eyes;  but  not  having  the  power  of  examining  other  specimens,  I  here 
simply  state  the  appi  'ent  fact,  for  the  observation  of  future  students. 


8TAPIIYLINIDAE, 


69 


with  a  medial  bifid  tooth;  the  last  joint  of  the  labial  palpi  is 
lunate;  the  middle  eoxuj  arc  very  widely  separated,  and  the  tarsi 
are  5-jointed.     The  abdomen  is  strongly  margined. 

Thus  far  the  species  have  been  found  only  in  the  Atlantic  region. 

Group  II.— Osorli. 

The  group  is  represented  by  a  single  species,  Osorius  latipes, 
found  under  bark  on  the  Atlantic  slope,  as  far  as  the  Rocky 
Mountains. 

The  body  is  cylindrical,  the  middle  coxte  are  contiguous,  the 
tarsi  are  5-jointed,  and  the  abdomen  is  not  at  all  margined.  The 
liguia  is  corneous.     The  mandibles  are  stout,  but  not  toothed. 

The  genus  Osorius  is  distinguished  from  the  foreign  Uolotro- 
chus  by  the  anterior  tibiaj  being  armed  with  spines. 


Group  III.— Ozyteli. 

The  body  is  either  cylindrical  or  depressed,  and  the  abdomen  is 
strongly  margined ;  the  middle  coxa;  are  contiguous,  or  nearly  so ; 
the  tarsi  are  3-jointed  in  all  of  our  genera,  except  Syntomium. 
The  liguia  is  membranous,  and  the  mandibles  are  toothed.  The 
species  are  found  partly  in  wet  places,  partly  (Platj-stcthus  and 
certain  Oxytelus)  in  dung  and  other  decomposing  material. 

Tarsi  3-jointed ; 

Front  tibisB  with  two  rows  of  spines,  (Iwdy  cylindrical).  Bi.edius. 

Front  and  middle  tibia)  with  one  row  of  .sjjines,  (body  depressed). 

PLATYSTETUtrS. 

Front  tibiie  with  one  row  of  spines,  (body  depressed)  ; 
Middle  coxne  separated.  Oxytki.us. 

Middle  coxae  contiguous.  Haplodekus. 

All  the  tibiae  without  rows  of  spines ; 
Hind  tarsi  longer  than  half  the  tibije,  (body  glabrous).      Apocellus. 
Hind  tarsi  shorter  than  half  the  tibial,  (body  pubescent)  ; 
Scutellum  not  visible.  Tkogopul«ku8. 

Scutellum  distinct ; 
Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  conical  acute,  ocelli  none. 

A.VCYKOPIIORUS. 

Miixillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  elongate,  ocelli  distiact.(!) 

DlSTEMMCS. 

Tarsi  5-jointed;  antennae  with  the  Lxst  three  joints  wider.       Syntomu-m. 

To  Ancyrophorus  I  refer  Trogophlceus  planus  Lee. ;  the  last 
joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  is  as  long,  or  nearly  so,  as  the  third, 
and  is  conical  and  acute.     Distemmus  is  founded  upon  T.  Aryns 


■■;:  ^; 
1 »V'« . 


bv,. 


im 


m 

ili, 

^E*'-*-'" 

^'-i''-: 

8^^*    '' '' 

BffSi^rt  :     I    .. 

Bl 

ifi'ti 

70 


COLKOI'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMLRICA. 


Lcc.  Both  of  these  8i»ecies  are  fn)in  Lake  Sni)erior.  Syntomium 
is  represented  in  Russian  America.  The  other  genera  are  lounU 
ou  both  sides  of  thu  coutiuout. 

Tribe  VII.-OMALIXI. 

In  this  tribe  the  prothoruoic  spiraeles  arc  concealed  by  the 
inflexcd  portion  of  the  pronotuni;  the  prosteniuni  behind  the 
coxn*  is  membranous;  the  anterior  coxa*  are  coiueal  and  promi- 
nent, the  posterior  ones  transverse ;  the  hind  troelianters  are  on 
the  internal  margin  of  the  thighs ;  the  tarsi  are  5-jointed ;  the 
pnlpi  arc  filiform,  except  in  Coryphium,  where  they  are  subulate ; 
the  head  is  furnished  behind  with  two  simple  lenses  or  ocelli, 
which  are  usually  pfaced  on  a  line  joining  the  posterior  margins 
of  the  eyes.  The  antenna^  arc  inserted  under  the  lateral  margins 
of  the  i'ront.    The  second  ventral  segment  is  cnrinate  at  the  base. 

The  genera  are  numerous,  and  are  best  distinguished  by  the 
parts  of  the  mouth,  which  are  not  to  be  examined  without  dis- 
section. For  a  full  account  of  the  differences  between  the  genera 
the  student  must  refer  to  the  second  volume  of  the  Insecten 
Dcutsehlands,  by  Kraatz.  The  following  characters  may  enable 
him  to  recognize  those  of  our  fauna : — 

A.  Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  long  or  niodprnto  ;  posterior  tarsi  with 

joints  1 — 4  of  uniMjual  lnngth  ;  elytra  modeiato  ; 
Mandibles  toothed;  tiltiie  not  spinous  ;  hind  tarsi  with  the  first  joint 
elongated ; 

Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  not  elongated.    Antuopiiaous. 

Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  three  times  as  long  as  the  pre- 
ceding. Lebteva. 
Mandibles  not  toot'.ijil ; 

Tibire  .spinous  ;  hind  tarsi  with  the  first  joint  elongated.  Acidota. 

Tibine  not  spinous  ;  liind  tarsi  with  the  first  and  second  joints  equal ; 
Lobes  of  the  inaxill.T  elongate,  corneous.  OLorimrM. 

Lobes  of  the  niaxillic  uienihranous.  LATHRiM^rst. 

Tibi.'o  spinous  ;  hind  tarsi  with  the  lirst  and  second  joints  elongated, 
not  equal,  first  very  long.  AMi'iiiniuorM. 

Tibiat  not  spinous  ;  hind  tarsi  with  the  first  joint  slightly  elongated  ; 
one  mandible  toothed.  PoRKnoniTES. 

B.  Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  sniall,  subulate.  CouYniiiM. 

C.  Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  long  ;  liind  tarsi  with  the  joints  1 — 4 

short,  equal ; 

Tibia?  very  finely  spinous  ;  elytra  long.  Omalium. 

Tibi.t!  not  si>inous  ;  elytra  lung.  ANTiionifM. 

Elytra  very  short.  Milualymua. 


iv> 


i 


STAPH  YLINl  DAE. 


71 


Lathrium  Lee.  ia  not  .sufl'ak'iilly  ilisliiict  from  Oloplirum,  ami 
the  species  L.  vonvexicolle  t'ruiii  Luke  Superior  greatly  resemljles 
O.  cunvcxum  Miikilu  froui  llusslau  America. 


Tribe  VIII.-PROTEIIVI!¥I. 

This  tribe  contains  a  very  small  number  of  sitecics,  upproaoliing 
clo.sely  to  the  preceding  tribe,  but  Uiflering  by  the  prosternum 
being  corneous  behind  the  coxa),  and  Ijy  the  head  liaving  no  ocel- 
lus in  our  genera,  and  but  one  in  certain  foreign  genera.  The 
antenna)  are  inserted  under  the  sides  of  the  front;  the  anterior 
co.xie  are  transverse,  subconical,  and  somewhat  prominent;  the 
hind  coxie  are  transverse ;  the  hind  troclianters  are  at  the  inner 
margin  of  the  tliighs;  the  tarsi  are  5-jointcd.  The  species  live 
in  fungi  fud  under  bark. 

Our  v,\vo  genera  without  frontal  ocellus  arc  distinguished  by 
the  form  of  the  antcnnuj. 

Antennas  with  the  joints  9 — 11  larger.  Pbotkim-s. 

AutenuiB  witli  the  eleventh  joint  only  larger.  Meoauthucs. 

The  latter  genus  is  further  remarkable  for  having  the  sides  of 
the  thorax  frequently  with  an  angle  behind  the  middle;  the  thorax 
is  also  always  chauuellcd. 

Tribe  IX.— PHLffiOCHARIlVI. 

This  tribe  consists  also  of  a  very  small  number  of  species,  of 
slender,  depressed  form,  and  is  represented  in  our  fauna  only  l)y 
the  genus  Olisthajrus,  found  in  the  northern  regions,  from  Canada 
to  Russian  America,  under  bark. 

The  prothoracic  spiracles  are  covered ;  the  thorax  behind  the 
anterior  coxa;  is  membranous;  the  latter  are  conical  and  prtjmi- 
nent,  and  the  hind  coxa;  are  transverse;  the  hind  troclianters  are 
on  the  Internal  margin  of  the  thighs;  the  tarsi  are  5-jointed. 

The  antenna;  are  inserted  under  the  sides  of  the  front,  straight, 
11-jointed,  scarcely  thickened  externally.  The  second  ventral 
segment  is  longitudinally  elevated  at  the  middle. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  this  tribe  differs  from  Oraalini  by  the 
absence  of  ocelli,  and  from  Tachyporini  only  by  the  prothoracic 
spiracles  being  covered. 

In  Olistluprus  the  anterior  tarsi  are  not  dilated,  and  the  maxil- 
lary palpi  arc  filiform. 


:>.  r. 


5$1 


(  :    ,rvr_  >J 


tt  COLEOPTIBA  OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


Sub-Family  II.— PIESTIDAE. 

Insects  having  a  slender  and  frequently  very  depressed  form, 
living  under  bark.  The  prothoracic  spiracles  are  covered,  and 
the  whole  prosternum  is  corneous,  and  in  some  genera  separates 
the  anterior  coxie  so  that  the  coxal  cavities  become  entire.  The 
antennae  are  sitijated  under  the  sides  of  the  front,  straight,  slightly 
thickened  externally.  The  second  ventral  segment  is  longitudi- 
nally elevated  at  the  middle. 

In  this  sub-family  the  present  family  shows  its  strongest  tend- 
ency towards  the  collective  Clavicorn  families  in  Cucujidaj;  in 
the  next  we  will  find  this  tendency  towards  another  member  of 
the  same  series.     Our  genera  are  as  follows : — 

A.  Anterior  coxtB  contiguous ; 

Abdomen  margined,  tarsi  5-jointed  ; 
Anterior  tibiie  spinous,  ai)domen  broadly  margined  ; 
Maxillffi  with  the  outer  lobe  dilated;  (elytra  striate). 

Proosatha. 
Maxillie  with  the  outer  lobe  not  dilated ;  (elytra  punctate). 

IIVPOTELCS. 

Anterior  tibiie  not  spinous,  abdomen  narrowly  margined. 

IfOMALUS. 

AMomen  not  margined,  tarsi  3-joiuted ;  (thorax  and  elytra  oostate). 

Ol-YPTOMA. 

B.  Anterior  coxae  separated,  abdomen  not  margined,  tarsi  5-jointod. 

LiSFlKUS. 


Sub-Family  III.— MICROPEPLIDAE. 

This  Bub-family  consists  of  a  single  genus,  containing  small 
snbquadrate  species,  having  the  thorax,  elytra,  and  abdomen  or- 
namented with  acutely  elevated  ribs;  the  antennae  are  inserted 
under  the  sides  of  the  front,  9-jointed,  and  terminate  in  a  small 
club  received  into  cavities  on  the  under  surface  of  the  prothorax ; 
the  prosternum  is  entirely  corneous.  The  anterior  coxte  are 
transverse,  not  prominent,  the  hind  ones  distant,  rounded ;  the 
tarsi  are  3-jointed.  The  second  ventral  segment  is  broadly  di- 
lated at  the  middle,  and  separates  the  hind  coxte. 

This  sub-family  thus  completes  the  approach  of  the  Staphyli- 
nidsQ  towards  the  Clavicorn  series  in  Uisteridse. 


UI8TEKIDAE. 


73 


Fam.  XL— HISTERIDAE. 


Mentum  corneous,  sometimes  large  and  covering  the  base 
of  the  maxilla),  flat  or  slightly  concave,  subquadrate,  some- 
times emarginate  or  tridentato  in  front;  ligula  almost  con- 
cealed behind  the  mentum;  palpi  3  jointed,  cylindrical. 

Maxillas  with  two  ciliated  lobes,  the  internal  one  much 
smaller;  palpi  4-jointed,  cylindrical. 

Antenna)  geniculate,  capable  of  being  retracted,  short,  in 
the  second  sub-family  with  the  first  joint  thick,  but  in  the 
first  with  the  first  joint  long,  the  eighth  and  following  ones 
forming  a  compact,  annulated,  rounded,  or  (rarely)  triangular 
club. 

Prothorax  closely  applied  to  the  elytra ;  side  pieces  not 
distinct;*  in  most  of  the  genera  with  two  cavities  to  receive 
the  club  of  the  antennae;  prosternum  frequently  lobed  in 
front,  produced  behind,  articulating  with  the  mesosternum; 
coxal  cavities  open  behind. 

Mesosternum  separating  widely  the  middle  coxae;  side 
pieces  large,  not  divided,  sometimes  visible  from  above. 

Metasternum  very  large,  almost  connate  with  the  meso- 
sternum anteriorly;  episterna  sometimes  narrow,  sometimes 
broad,  occasionally  curved ;  epimera  broad,  large,  separated 
by  a  fine  suture,  which  is  sometimes  effaced. 

Elytra  truncate  behind,  leaving  two  segments  of  the  ab- 
domen uncovered;  scutellum  small  in  the  first  sub-family, 
entire  in  the  second. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  the  first  very 
large,  the  fifth  very  short,  closely  applied  to  the  lasi.  dorsal 
segment,  which  is  triangular  and  deflexed. 

Anterior  coxae  transverse  and  not  prominent  in  the  first 
sub-family,  globose  in  the  second;  middle  and  posterior  coxaa 
widely  separated,  not  prominent,  rounded,  or  rather  sub- 
quadrate,  the  latter  not  extending  to  the  sides  of  the  body. 

Legs  short,  retractile;  tibito  compressed,  anterior  ones 
usually  toothed,  posterior  sometimes  toothed;  spurs  distinct, 
those  of  the  anterior  pair  very  unequal.  Tarsi  slender,  short, 
5-jointed  in  the  first  sub-family  (except  in  Acritus,  where 
the  posterior  ones  are  d-jointed),  4-jointed  in  the  second  sub- 
family; claws  (in  all  of  our  genera)  two,  simple;  anterior  tarsi 
usually  received  in  grooves  on  the  anterior  face  of  the  tibiae. 

*  la  some  f^pecies  there  ia  an  elevated  line,  simulating  a  suture. 


im 


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COLEOI'TERA  OP  NORTH  AMEUICA. 


A  very  well  tk-liiicd  family  of  insoots,  niodoratoly  numerous, 
iicurly  all  of  a  shilling  black  color,  with  tho  elytra  variously 
Hcuiptureil  with  Htriiu;  some  few  Hpecles  of  Ulster  uiid  Sapriiiiis 
have  the  elytra  marked  with  red,  and  a  few  of  tho  latter  genus 
are  metallic  in  color.  The  form  of  body  is  variable;  those  of  tho 
Ijrst  group  are  oblong  and  flat,  with  prominent  mandibles;  tho 
others  are  round,  oblong,  oval,  globose,  some  depressed  and  some 
convex.  The  species  live  under  Imrk  of  trees,  in  excrements,  and 
in  carcasses.  "When  touched,  the  insects  retract  the  anteuniu  and 
feet,  appearing  as  if  dead. 

The  metasteruum  is  nmrkcd  by  two  distant  lines  diverging  po.s- 
terlorly,  and  tho  first  segment  of  the  abdomen  with  two  similar 
ones. 

The  genera  in  this  family  appear  to  me  to  have  been  multiplied 
unnecessarily  by  later  authors.  I  accordingly  liave  niatle,  when 
necessary,  two  tables,  one  of  the  genera  as  understood  in  the 
great  monograph  of  Mar.scul,  the  other  of  those  which  appear  to 
me  to  be  entitled  to  real  generic  distinction. 

The  family  may  be  divided  into  two  natural  sub-fainilies,  as 
follows : — 

AntemifB  with  the  first  joint  very  long;  elytra  truncate.  IIistruid.b. 

Aatemio)  with  the  first  joint  very  thick ;  elytra  entire.  Mi'UMumD.K. 


Sub-Family  I.— IIISTERIDAE  (genuini). 

The  geniculate  autennne,  with  tho  first  joint  elongated,  and  the 
truncate  elytra  permitting  the  last  two  dorsal  segments  of  the 
abdomen  to  be  visible,  sufficiently  distinguish  this  sub-family  from 
the  next. 

It  is  divided,  following  the  example  of  Lacordairo,  into  two 
very  natural  tribes,  according  to  tho  position  of  tho  head  iu 
repose: — 

HOLOLKPTIXI. 
HiBTKl.NI. 


Head  porrected. 

Uead  retracted,  bent  downwards. 


Tribe  I.-HOLOLEPTI]¥I. 

Body  very  much  depressed  above  and  below ;  head  extended, 
with  long,  prominent  mandibles;  antennnc  inserted  under  the  sides 
of  the  front,  the  club  not  received  in  defiuite  prosterual  cavities ; 


IIIHTERinAE. 


TJ 


as 


niciitiim  cnmrj^inatc,  entirclj'  covering  tlio  base  of  the  nuixilln'  iu 
uur  sjiL'C'ic's;   prustcniuia  not  lolu-d  in  front. 

These  species  live  under  the  Imrk  of  trees ;  some  of  them  I  huve 
found  in  t'aiiforniu  in  decomposing  stems  of  Cuclucete. 

The  genus  llololepta,  the  only  one  witliin  our  territories,  is 
diHtingnisiu'd  by  the  mundiljles  not  tootiicd,  tiie  j)ygidiiim  small 
nnd  perpendicular.  It  is  divided  iuto  two  by  Alarseul,  according 
to  the  following  characters: — 

l'io>toiiiiiiii  not  narrowt'd  in  fruiit,  lutintnm  flat.  Hdi.oi.ErTA. 

I'l'uatunuua  niirruwud  iu  I'lout  and  ruuiided,  iiientum  with  an  M-Hiia|iiMl  ele- 
vated lino.  Lio.M)TA  (Liudui'uia). 

If,  however,  these  clinracters  be  considered  as  valid,  then  other 
genera  must  be  established  for  Culifornian  species.  I  prefer  re- 
garding them  as  one  genus,  in  which  are  five  groups : — 

(I.  Moiitiiui  nearly  Hat  ;  prosternum  broad,  Hat.     H./osnuhtris,  &c. 

''.  Mentum  flat ;  prosternuni  narrowed  nnd  rounded  at  tij).     JI.  princep*. 

c.  Meiituiii  concave,  without  elevated  linen;  prosternuni  Mlightl/  narrowed, 

truncate,  and  slightly  eniarginnte  at  tip.     //.  virina. 
fl,  Mentuni  slightly  concnve,  with  fine  lines;  prosternutu  slightly  narrowed, 

broadly  rounded  at  tip.     J/,  jildti/mna. 
e.  Mentuni  concave,  with  strongly  eluvutud  lines ;  prosternum  narrowed, 

almost  acuta  at  tip.    II.  cacti. 

Tribe  II.— HISTRI.\I. 

Ilend  retracted,  deflexed  ;  mandibles  capable  of  being  applied  to 
the  anterior  edge  of  the  prosternum,  so  as  to  conceal  the  mouth ; 
mentnm  subquadrate,  not  covering  the  base  of  the  ma.xillaj. 

This  tribe  is  again  forftied  of  two  sub-tribes,  which  differ  by 
the  presence  or  absence  of  au  anterior  prosternal  lobe ;  neverthe- 
less, in  our  species  of  Tribalus,  t.'ie  lobe  is  so  short  and  broad  that 
they  were  considered  by  me  as  a  distinct  genus,  Cajrosternus,  nnd 
placed  in  the  second  sub-tribe.  Onthophilus  is  placed  by  Mar- 
scul  and  Duval  in  the  first,  by  Lacordaire  iu  the  second  sub-tribe. 


Presternum  lobed  in  front. 
Prosteruum  truncate  iu  front. 


IIlSTIUXI. 

Sapuim. 


Sub-Tribe  1.— Ilistrini  (penuini). 

The  genera  of  this  sub-tribe  live  in  excrements,  or  under  the 
bark  of  trees;  one  genus  (Ileherius)  is  found  only  in  the  nests  of 
ants,  early  in  spring.  According  to  my  views,  modified  l)y  con- 
sulting the  authors  above  mentioued,  they  may  be  thus  arranged  : — 


4^  \>,M 


m 


H-T/^i 


L'i", 


■:'•■       ■  f  .■'•: 

''';,■■■'  ,vj* 


1;  ^;. 


i 


rj 


i-h 


7G 


C()LEU1>TERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


:^1' 


il 


hr^f 


m 


ri-t 


X 


A.  Antt^nnnl  cavitloH  on  the  antoriur  part  of  the  proHternnm;  (all  the  tarai 

liuvf  two  tlttWH  in  our  geut-ra)  ; 

Antunnii)  inxerti'd  iiiKler  thu  margin  of  the  front ;  moudilileH  promi- 
nent ;  2 

Antxnnic  inMoKiid  upon  the  front ;  mandihlen  retracted  ;  4 

2  Mu.ioHtornunk  emurginato,  rurel/  truncate  ;  club  of  anteniim  round, 

annulnted.  IIihtkh. 

MvHOHturnum  Hlightly  prominent  at  the  middle,  received  hy  the  pro- 

Hternum ;  3 

3  Clul>  of  antenniD  round,  annulated.  Piielistkr. 
Club  of  nntennm  olnjonical,  truncate,  dolid.  llKiMiUiim. 

4  Antennnl  cuvitieH  under  the  angle  of  the  thorax  ;  club  round,  annu- 

iatud ;  5 

Antennal  cavitieH  at  the  angle  of  the  thorax  ituelf ;  club  of  antenna 
annulated,  trun(;ate.  Ti(iiiAi.im. 

6  Pygldium  inflexed,  thorax  and  elytra coatate,  prosternal  lobe  olwolete. 

O.NTiiorniLi'ii. 
Pygidium  deflexed,  elytra  Htriate.  Ki'ikuih. 

B.  Antennal  cavitieH  at  the  middle  of  the  inflexed  portion  of  the  prutliorax. 

near  the  Hides. 
MeHOMternum  einarginate,  receiving  the  base  of  tin  proHternum  ;   3 
MesoHternum  truncate,  slightly  prominent  at  the  middle,  received  bj 

the  proHternum ;  2 

2  Prosternal  lobe  short,  broad ;  pygidium  inflexed ;  body  globular. 

Bacamub. 
Prosternal  lobe  long,  rounded ;    pygidium  vertical ;    body  globular, 
margined.  Spii^krodkuma. 

3  Posterior  tibite  broad ;  anterior  tibiae  with  a  small  terminal  spur ;  body 

oval,  convex.  DKNUUoruiLCH. 

Posterior  tibire  narrow ;  anterior  tibiio  with  a  very  large  terminal 

spur ;  body  oblong,  sometimes  depressed.  Pakomalub. 

To  Sphacroderma  must  be  referred  Bacanius  marginatus  Lee.* 
The  occurrence  of  the  genus  here  is  remarkable,  as  the  only  other 
species  is  found  in  Madagascar.  The  genus  Ilist'T,  as  above 
defined,  includes  all  the  divisions  of  my  scheme  in  Proc.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sci.,  vi.  39,  except  12  and  13,  which  form  Phelister,  regard- 
ing the  generic  value  of  which  group  I  still  entertain  some  doubts. 
Hider  corticalin  Lee,  placed  by  me  in  division  12,  has  been  very 
properly  removed  by  De  Marseul  to  Cardnops,  a  division  of  Pa- 
romalus.  Hister,  as  above  defined,  contains  several  of  the  genera 
adopted  by  De  Marseul,  which  are  separated  by  the  following 
characters : — 

Anterior  tibise  with  the  tarsal  groove  well  defined,  often  sinuate ;  (a  single 
range  of  small  spines  on  the  middle  and  posterior  tibiae)  ; 


*  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  vi.  292. 


.•V 


niSTERIDAE. 


77 


Prostornnl  lolio  very  prnminniit ; 

Anterior  tiliiir  witli  nn  internal  tooth  n«ar  the  baao.  Cyi.istix. 

Anterior  tiltiii'  without  nuy  Internal  tootli.  Pi.atvhoma. 

Prostcrrial  loU-  narrow,  not  vory  promini-nt.  Omalodkb. 
Anterior  f  ihini  with  the  tarnal  fjrooVH  liailly  ileflneil,  straight ; 

Midille  and  poxturior  tiliiiv  with  a  Hin^'lo  range  ofHpinett.  PHiLoRrRi.iH. 

Middlu  and  posterior  til)iaB  with  two  ran^^eH  of  Hpinex.  Hihtkb. 

The  student  who  will  consult  my  paper  above  cited  will  sco 
that  there  are  good  reasons  for  regarding  the  characters  here 
given  as  not  of  generic  value. 

The  genus  I'aronialus,  aa  above  defined,  is  divided  by  Marseul 
into  two : — 


Elytra  striate ;  l»ody  oval,  sulKionrcx. 

Elytra  not  Htriatu  ;  body  oblong,  HulxleprenHed. 


CaBOISOI'S. 
PAKOMALI'S. 


But  these  divisions  are  not  adopted  by  Lacordaire  and  Duval. 


Snb-Tribe  2.— gaprfni. 

Some  of  the  genera  of  this  sub-tribe  live  under  bark  and  in 
excrements,  also  under  stones;  but  the  numerous  species  of  Sa- 
prinus  arc  found  mostly  in  carcasses. 

Our  genera  are  the  following : — 

Antenna)  inserted  under  tlio  margin  of  the  front;  antennal  cavities  at  tlie 

sides  of  tlie  prosteniuui  proper.  Sai'him's. 

Antenna}  inserted  on  the  front ;  antennal  cavities  at  the  sides  of  the  under 
surface  of  the  prothorax; 
Body  cylindrical ;  tibiae  toothed.  Tekkthius. 

Body  oblong ;  thorax  with  a  deep  groove  each  side ;  tibim  not  toothed. 

Pleoaoguus. 
Body  round ;  posterior  tarsi  4-jointed ;  tibiie  not  toothed.  Acuitch. 

The  species  of  the  last  genus  are  the  most  minute  of  the  family, 
and  are  quite  numerous  in  North  America. 

The  European  species,  formerly  enrolled  in  Saprinus,  S.  rotund- 
atus  and  piceus,  were  found  by  Duval  to  have  the  inner  lobe 
terminated  by  a  corneous  hook,  and  were  therefore  placed  as  a 
distinct  genus,  Gnathoncus;  to  the  same  genus  belong  .S.  deletus 
Lee,  identical  with  the  European  rohindatus^,  and  H.  interccptvs 
Lcc. ;  they  differ  from  genuine  Saprini  by  the  head  having  no 
stria;  the  sutural  stria  does  not  join  the  first  dorsal,  and  is  very 
short;  the  epipleuraj  have  three  striae.  I  have  not  adopted  the 
genus,  as  these  differences  do  not  appear  to  me  of  sufficient  con- 
sequence. 


m 


III 


■k 


IM 


'm 


mm. 

'  V .  .■■■       ;-i 


■■■;"■'    *tiT 


•  ,  ■'  »^  *  *  ■■   S 


78  COLEOI'TKKA  OF  NOUTII  AMEllICA. 


Sub-Family  II.— MURMIDIIDAE. 

This  Kub-ftimily  consists  of  but  a  single  species,  Murmiduot 
ovalis  (Cauthdccruti  udvcna  (iennar),  diirusod  by  coninu-rce  over 
the  wliole  glolje ;  it  is  a  very  minute,  brown,  sliglitiy  pubescent 
insect,  of  a  rounded,  depressed  form,  with  rows  of  large  punctures 
on  tiio  elytra. 

The  antenine  have  but  ten  joints;  the  first  joint  is  largo  and 
thick,  the  second  somewhat  narrower;  the  dul)  is  received  in  a 
cavity  excavated  at  the  anterior  angle  of  the  thorax;  the  anterior 
coxtu  arc  globose ;  the  prosternuni  is  very  wide,  flat,  and  its  an- 
terior lobe  is  very  short;  the  mesosternum  is  very  wide,  truncate 
in  front,  fitting  closely  to  the  prosternum ;  elytra  rounded  at  tip, 
entirely  covering  the  dorsal  segments  of  the  al)donien. 

This  insect  is  very  rare.  I  have  seen  but  two  specimens  found 
iu  this  country,  and  for  the  one  in  my  jtossession  I  am  indebted 
to  Mr.  Ulkc.     It  is  said  by  European  authors  to  live  iu  old  rice. 


Fam.  xtl— scapiiidiidae. 


'      ;■;:.-.■'.■ 
i'     -r'l  ■     ' 

■fait  .iaftAt-' •J'»*- 


him 

--x-if.;--. 

p  1  H.r:  ■ 

w^-: 

N  -.^ 

hi  ■    ' 

«  :k;- 

' 

'«  -V'?-' 

iif  ■  *^  V  * 

i'.'^i 

♦'■"   ! 

■B'     irS'  "r 

■i 

Pp: 

< . »  . 

■f  (-,  ^.("\4-^» 

WK 

J^WSm 

^■:ii-^  ■■ 

^kw* 

» ■■  ' 

jjmM- 

-.  > 

BSi 

•$■•.■ 

.Mkl^Kfi 

,*'■■• 

'^^^' 

'4'^-i 

HqajK?.) 

-  ■%:'  -' 

iwinL**^ 

-  ■* ', . 

R 

'*%^. 

W 
'^^.\ 

Mentum  large,  quadrate ;  ligula  membranous,  witliout 
paraglossa);  palpi  Sjointecl. 

Maxillae  exposed  at  the  base,  with  two  membranous  lobes  ; 
pal})!  short,  4;-joiated,  with  the  last  joint  conical. 

Antennas  inserted  at  the  margin  of  the  front,  which  is  sud- 
denly contracted  and  prolonged  into  a  short  beak,  cai)illary, 
or  slightly  clavate,  the  last  five  or  six  joints  wider  than 
the  preceding  ones,  the  eighth  sometimes  smaller  than  the 
seventh  and  ninth,  the  first  and  second  thicker  than  the  third. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate;  prosternum 
not  prolonged;  coxal  cavities  rounded,  widely  open  behind. 
Completed  by  the  mesosternum. 

Mesosternum  frequently  prominent  or  carinate,  side  pieces 
usually  divided  by  an  oblique  line;  metasternum  very  large, 
side  pieces  narrow,  epimera  not  visible. 

Elytra  broadly  truncate  behind,  not  covering  entirely  the 
abdomen. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments;  the  fifth  conical, 
as  long  as  the  three  preceding  ones;  sixth  usually  visible, 
and  when  eraarginate,  as  in  certain  males,  permitting  the 


■;2^"' 


TRICIIOl'TERYCilDAE. 


79 


the 


seventli  or  even  the  eigl-th  internal  onca  to  be  seen;  the  last 
three  or  lour  dorsal  segments  are  entirely  eorneciis. 

Anterior  coxio  large,  cylindrieal,  prominent,  eontignous; 
middle  eoxa)  small,  rountlud,  widely  separated;  posterior 
eoxic  oval,  usually  widely  separated. 

Legs  slender;  tarsi  D-joiuted, long,  filiform;  claws  slender, 
simple. 

TliJH  family  contains  small  oval  or  rounded  oval,  convex,  very 
shining  insects,  living  in  fungi.  Tlic  sides  of  tin;  tiinnix  lire 
oI)U(iue,  and  the  head  snuill,  so  as  to  maiie  tlie  Ijody  somewhat 
pointed  in  front;  the  tiiorax  is  very  closely  applied  to  the  trunk, 
and  the  elytra  are  broadly  truncate,  permitting  tiiu  ti[)  of  the 
conical  abdomen  to  aiijjeur.  All  the  known  genera  of  tlm  fandly, 
except  Amalocera,  are  represented  in  our  Atlantic  fauna,  but 
Scaphisoma  aiune  has  yet  been  ol)tained  on  the  Pacific  .slope. 

I.  Siuitellum  di.stinct ;  anttMuiio  clavate  ; 
I'ostcrior  til)i.T  not  sjiiiious; 
First  joint  of  posterior  tarsi  longest;  oyes  em.irginate.  Scai'iiidipm. 
First  joint  of  posterior  tarsi  scarcely  longer  than  tlie  seconil ;  eyes  en- 
tire. S(  AIMIIIM. 

Posterior  tibiaj  with  rows  of  small  spines  ;  eyes  entire.      (.'veAitieii. 
II.  Scutelluin  covered  by  the  base  of  the  thorax  ;  antenniu  capillary  ; 
Posterior  coxie  widely  distant ; 

Antenna'  with  tin-  joints  i» — 11  wider.  B.koceha. 

Antenuie  with  tlie  joints  <j  or  7 — 11  wider.  Scaimiisoma. 

Posterior  coxa;  not  widely  distant ;  body  narrow,  compressed. 

TuXIDIUH. 


Fam.  XIII.— triciiopterygidae. 

Mentum  quadrate. 

Maxilloe  exposed  at  the  base,  which  is  large,  with  two 
lobes,  the  inner  one  eiliate  and  hooked;  palpi  4-jointed,  last 
joint  aeicular. 

Antennae  inserted  at  the  margin  of  the  front,  11- jointed, 
vertieillate  with  long  hairs,  the  first  and  second  joint.s  thick, 
3 — 7  slender,  8 — 11  thicker,  forming  a  loosely  articulated, 
elongate  club. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  distinct. 

Elytra  sometimes  entire,  sometimes  abbreviated ;  wings 
long,  narrow,  margined  with  very  long  hairs;  sometimes 
wanting. 

Abdomen  with  seven  free  ventral  segments. 


m 


^1 


.'i* 


»' 


■•■-..A  .'V-  .V. 

•••■■■  >r  ■;,■'•• " 


80 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NOHTII  AMERICA. 


Anterior  coxae  prominent,  subglobular,  contiguous;  middle 
coxae  oval,  not  contiguous;  posterior  transverse,  more  or  less 
separated,  sometimes  dilated  over  the  feet  into  a  flat  plate. 

Legs  moderate,  slender;  tarsi  3-jointed,  last  joint  with  a 
long  bristle  with  a  clubbed  tip  between  the  ungues. 

The  insects  of  this  family  are  the  smallest  Coleoptera  known; 
those  found  iii  this  country  have  not  yet  been  studied  with  care, 
and  but  few  are  described,  although  there  are  in  my  collection 
twenty-eiglit  species. 

All  the  genera  of  the  family  are  represented  in  our  fauna,  as 
follows : — 

Posterior  coxiB  approximated,  laminate  ;  first  ventral  segment  acuminate  in 

front.  NossiuiuM.* 

Posterior  coxae  widely  distant ;  first  ventral  segment  truncate  in  front ; 
Antenna;  with  the  last  three  joints  thickened  ; 

Posterior  coxib  laminate  (body  pubescent).  TKicnorTERVx. 

Posterior  coxre  simple  (body  pubescent).  Ptilium. 

Anteuuse  with  the  last  two  joints  thickened.  Piekididu. 


Fam.  XIV.— phalacridae. 


Mentum  corneous,  flat,  of  a  different  form  in  each  genus, 
but  all  derived  from  the  quadrate  form. 

Maxillaa  with  two  lobes,  internal  one  coriaceous,  with  two 
small  terminal  teeth ;  the  outer  corneous,  ciliate  at  the  tip, 
which  is  coriaceous. 

Antenna3  inserted  under  a  slight  frontal  margin,  11-jointed, 
the  last  three  joints  forming  an  oval  club. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  distinct;  presternum 
prolonged,  entering  the  emarginate  mesosternum  behind ; 
coxal  cavities  not  closed  behind. 

Mesosternum  very  short,  side  pieces  large,  not  distinctly 
divided. 

Metasternum  large,  produced  anteriorly,  side  pieces  nar- 
row, partly  concealed  by  the  sides  of  the  elytra. 

Elytra  rounded  at  tip,  entirely  covering  the  abdomen. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  not  differing 
much  in  length,  the  first  somewhat  longer. 

Anterior  coxae  globular;  middle  coxao  transverse,  sepa- 
rated by  the  sternum ;  posterior  contiguous,  transverse,  flat. 


*  I  do  not  possess  any  species  of  this  genus.    One  was  discovered  by 
Mr.  Motschulsky,  in  Alabama. 


NlTinULIDAE. 


hi 


Legs  short,  stout;  thighs  broad,  compressed ;  tarsi  Sjointcd, 
with  the  first  tiiree  joints  hairy  beneath,  and  more  or  less 
dilated,  the  fourth  very  small,  fifth  moderate;  claws  with  a 
basal  tooth. 

A  small  number  of  oval  or  rounded  oval,  convex,  shining  in- 
sects constitute  this  family.  They  are  found  on  flowers,  and 
sometimes  under  bark.  The  elytra  have  sometimes  approxiniutu 
rows  of  small  punctures,  but  more  usually  only  a  sutural  striii. 
The  scutellum  is  larger  than  usual,  triangular.  One  of  the  four 
genera  (Tolyphus)  of  this  family  is  wanting  in  our  fauna.  Tiie 
other  three  are  separated  by  the  form  of  tlie  posterior  tarsi. 

Anterior  aiid  posterior  tarsi  of  the  same  lengtli  (tibiie  witliout  spurs). 

I'lIALACKUS. 

Posterior  tarsi  elongated  (tibiae  with  distinct  spurs)  ; 
First  joint  of  posterior  tarsi  shorter  than  the  second.  Olibru.«. 

First  joint  of  posterior  tarai  longer.  Litocukcs. 


Fam.  XV.— nitidulidae. 


1 


Mentum  transverse,  subquadrate,  composed  of  two  pieces 
closely  united  together,  frequently  rounded,  sometimes  sin- 
uate or  emarginate  in  front. 

Maxilhe  usually  exposed,  rarely  covered  at  the  base; 
usually  with  only  one  lobe,  the  outer  lobe  being  wanting; 
but  in  the  first  tribe  the  outer  lobe  is  distinct. 

Antennae  inserted  under  the  margin  of  the  front,  11-jointed 
(the  eleventh  indistinct  in  Rhizophagus),  terminated  by  a 
round  or  oval  club,  composed  of  three,  rarely  of  two  joints, 

Prothorax  sometimes  closely  applied  to  the  elytra,  some- 
times passing  over  their  base;  prosternum  frequently  pro- 
duced behind,  side  pieces  not  distinct;  coxal  cavities  open 
or  closed. 

Mesosternum  separating  the  middle  coxae,  side  pieces  with 
the  epimera  large,  extending  to  the  coxae. 

Metasternum  short,  side  pieces  narrow,  epimera  not  visible. 

Elytra  sometimes  truncate,  sometimes  entire. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  the  first  a  little 
longer,  widely  produced  between  the  posterior  coxte. 

Anterior  coxre  transverse,  separated,  not  prominent;  mid- 
dle and  posterior  ones  transverse,  flat,  distant,  the  latter 
extending  almost  to  the  margin  of  the  body. 

Legs  short,  somewhat  stout,  retractile,  or  subretractile ; 


■■''"■-'■''■'  '■>  '!wi'' 

■  -.-.A  ■:■*.''■, 
J-  ■  i'<-  "    < ,  ".•' 

■  •'.'r..',  ■  •••  ;■'■:,;. 


i'-?"? 


82 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


V% 


tarsi  short,  dilated  (except  in  some  genera  of  the  third  tribe), 
hairy  beneath,  usually  6  jointed,  with  the  fourth  joint  very 
small;  the  posterior  of  the  males  of  the  sixth  tribe  4jointe'l, 
and  in  the  foreign  genus  Cybocephalus  all  the  tarsi  4  jointed. 

The  species  of  this  family  are  usually  oval,  depressed,  or  slightly 
convex,  but  sometimes  almost  globular,  sometimes  elongate ;  they 
live  on  decomposing  substances,  both  animal  and  vegetable.  The 
head  is  suddenly  narrowed  before  the  antennte,  forming  a  short 
beak;  the  antenna)  arc  retractile,  and  their  basal  joints  frequently 
pass  into  grooves  under  the  eyes. 

Six  tribes  compose  this  family,  and  are  all  represented  in  our 
fauna. 

A.  AntenD!e  with  eleven  distinct  joints,  club  3-articulate  ; 

Labrum  distinct ;  epistonia  not  prolonged  ; 
Two  or  three  dorsal  segments  of  the  abdomen  exposed  ; 
Maxillie  with  two  lobes.  liRACiiypTERisi, 

Maxillie  with  one  lobe.  Cakpopuili.m. 

The  last  dor-sal  segment  (pygidium)  alone  exposed ; 

I'l-othorax  not  covering  the  base  of  the  elytra.  NirinuLiNi. 

Prothorax  covering  tlie  base  of  the  elytra.  Cycuramisi. 

Labrum  concealed  by  the  epistoma,  which  is  prolonged.    ,       Ipini. 

B.  Antennae  ai)parently  10-jointed,  club  solid.  Uuizopuaoini. 


Si";i' 


'V- 


Tribe  I.— BRACIIYPTERIIVI. 

The  species  composing  this  tribe  are  few  in  number,  found  on 
flowers,  and  are  more  convex  than  those  of  the  next  tribe,  lie- 
sides  the  characters  above  specified,  the  anterior  coxal  cavities 
are  not  closed  behind,  the  tarsi  are  5-jointed  in  both  sexes,  and 
the  prosternura  is  not  prolonged  behind  the  posterior  coxte.  No 
antennal  grooves  are  seen  below  the  eyes,  and  by  this  character 
the  genera  may  be  distinguished  from  all  of  those  of  the  next 
tribe  which  occur  in  our  fauna.     The  two  genera  arc : — 

Ungues  simple.  Cercus. 

Ungues  toothed  at  the  base.  BRAcnvpTERrs. 

The  males  of  the  last  genus  have  a  small  apical  dorsal  segment. 


tribe  II.— CARPOPHILIIVI. 

The  species  of  this  tribe  are  usually  flattened,  though  some  of 
the  species  of  Carpophilus  are  moderately  convex.  They  are  known 
(at  least  our  genera)  from  those  of  the  first  tribe  by  the  head 
having  beneath  the  eyes  two  converging  grooves  for  the  reeeptiou 


k1  on 
Bc- 

itios 
and 
No 
ractev 
next 


rmcnt. 


NlTIBl'LIDAE. 


83 


eft  ■  ^h 


of  the  basal  joints  of  the  untcnnic,  anti  from  those  of  the  following 
tribe  by  two  or  (hrt-o  dorsal  st'gnjonts  of  the  abdomen  being;  visible 
behind  the  elytra;  in  Carjjophiliis  and  Conotelus  the  males  have  a 
small  dorsal  sixth  segment.  The  ungues  are  simple.  The  species 
live  some  oa  flowers,  some  under  bark. 

Ventral  segment.s  1 — 4  short,  fifth  as  long  as  the  others  united.  Colabtus. 


Ventral  segments  1 — 3  short,  fourth  an<l  tifth  lonj: 


TuillKAtllYS. 


Ventral  segments  2 — 3  short,  first,  fourth,  anil  fifth  longer.   Cahi'oi>hh.P8. 
Ventral  segineuta  1 — 2  short,  3—4  elongate,  fifth  elongate,  conical. 

Co.NOTKLHS. 

The  last  genus  has  an  elongate  form,  and  resembles  certain 
Staphylinidtc. 

9 

Trilje  III.-3fITIDlTLIXI. 

Elliptical,  usually  depressed,  and  fre(iucntly  widely  margined  spe- 
cies; sometimes  moderately  convex,  and  even  (Pocadius)  roundeil. 
Distinguished  from  the  previous  tribes  by  the  elytra  covering  the 
entire  abdon\en,  or  leaving  only  the  pygidium  exposed,  and  from 
the  next  by  the  thorax  not  being  movalde  over  the  base  of  the 
elytra.  All  of  our  genera  have  autennal  grooves  on  the  under 
surface  of  the  head. 

These  insects  live  on  flowers  (Meligethes),  in  fungi  (Pocadius), 
under  bark  and  stones  (F^purffia),  or  on  dried  animal  matter. 

Our  genera  arc  as  follows: — 

A.  Prosternum  not  prolonged  behind  the  anterior  coxsd,  dilated,  rounded,  or 

truncate  ; 

a.  Autennal  grooves  converging  hehind,  remote  from  the  eyes ; 

Mentum  not  covering  the  bane  of  the  uia.xiila) ; 
Last  joint  of  labial  palpi  large,  thick  :  males  with  a  small  sixth 

dorsal  segment.  Kpuh-ica. 

Last  joint  of  labial  palpi  not  thicker  than  the  preceding,  males 
with  no  distinct  sixth  dorsal  segment.  Nitiucla. 

Meutuni  covering  tlie  b.'ise  of  the  maxilhr.  Puometoi'IA. 

b.  Autennal  grooves  diverging  behind,  following  the  outline  of  the  eyes  ; 

First  joint  of  antennie  large,  broadly  dilated.  Lobiopa. 

First  joint  of  antennai  moderate  ; 

Males  without  a  sixth  dorsal  segment.  Omosita, 

Males  with  a  sixth  dorsal  segnu>nt ; 
Middle  and  posteiior  tarsi  not  dilated.  Phenolia. 

All  tlie  tarsi  dilated.  Stelidota. 

B.  Prosternum  prolonged  behind  the  anterior  coxae  ; 

All  the  tarsi  dilated.  Melioethes. 

Posterior  tarsi  not  dilated  (elytra  deeply  sstriate).  Psiix)rYOA. 

None  of  the  tarsi  dilated  (elytra  scarcely  truncate).  PocAi)iu.s. 


■•'-Sir ■>■'■*•■■.  fijl 


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u 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Ii 


B 


!  K- 


The  genus  P.silopyj^a  is  reniurkable  for  its  close  reseml)lancc,  ia 
appearance,  to  Histor. 

Tribe  IV.— CYCIIRAMIXI. 

The  species  of  this  tril)e  are  rouiideil  or  oval,  convex  insects, 
living  ill  fungi.  One  genus  (Cyboeophalus  Er.),  not  yet  fouinl 
with  us,  has  the  power  of  contracting  into  a  ball,  like  Agathidiuni 
and  Clambus,  from  which  it  will  bo  distinguished  by  the  anterior 
coxie  not  being  prominent. 

I.  All  the  tarsi  equal  in  length  ; 

Tarsi  all  dilated  ;  piosternum  scarcely  produced.  CvrnnAMrs. 

Hind  tarsi  not  dilated.  *  AMPnicuotssus. 

II.  Hind  tarsi  elongated;  prosternum  but  slightly  produced.     TALLouiis. 

Tribe  V.— IPIMI. 

The  species  of  this  tribe  arc  oblong,  sometimes  elongate  species, 
usually  prettily  variegated  with  red  spots  on  the  elytra.  Tlioy  are 
readily  known  by  the  epistoma  being  prolonged  between  the  man- 
dibles; the  elytra  of  Cryptareha  are  rounded,  of  Ips  and  Pityo- 
phagus  are  truncate.    The  species  live  upon  fungi  and  uiu'er  bark. 

I'rosternal  prolongation  reaching  the  inetasternum ;  first  joint  •     antennie 

covere<l  hy  the  front ;  body  oval,  pubescent.  Ckyptakcha. 

Prostornal  prolongation  not  reaching  the  metasternum  ;  body  glabrous  ; 
Head  immersed  in  the  thorax  to  the  eyes ;  no  sixth  abdominal  segment 

in  the  males  ;  body  oblong,  rarely  elongate.  Ips. 

Head  not  immersed  as  far  as  the  eyes  ;  males  with  a  sixth  abdominal  seg- 
ment ;  body  elongate,  subcylindrical.  I'ityopuauus. 

The  species  of  the  last  genus  entirely  resemble  in  form  those  of 
the  next  tribe,  but  arc  distinguished  by  the  antennal  club,  com- 
posed of  three  joints. 


jtirr-''  "'* 


Tribe  VI.— RHIZOPHAOIXI. 

Srapll  cylindrical  or  slightly  flattened  species,  having  the  club 
of  the  antenna?  solid  and  composed  of  the  tenth  joint,  the  olevoiith 
being  closely  connate  with  it;  the  labrum,  as  in  the  preceding 
tribe,  is  concealed  by  the  prolonged  epistoma;  the  elytra  are  trun- 
cate, leaving  the  pygidium  exposed;  the  anterior  coxal  cavities 
are  entirely  closed,  while  in  most  of  the  genera  of  the  preceding 
tribes  they  are  open  behind ;  the  posterior  tarsi  are  4-jointed  in 


MONOTOMIDAB. 


85 


the  males,  5-jointC(l  in  tlie  females;  the  males  have  also  a  sixth 
dorsal  segment.  They  are  fdiiiid  under  bark.  One  genus,  Kiii- 
zophagus,  constitutes  the  tribe,  auU  is  represented  ou  both  sides 
of  the  coutiucQt. 


':i'Mv.r 


Fam.  XVI.— monotomidae. 


lent 


of 
.'om- 


club 

•outh 

'ding 

trun- 

vities 

^ding 

ed  in 


Mentum  moderate,  subquadrate,  rounded  or  subangulatcd 
in  front ;  ligula  partly  corneous,  prominent ;  labial  palpi 
short,  8-jointed,  first  joint  very  small. 

Maxillre  exposed  at  the  base,  with  two  lobes,  the  outer 
one  long,  slender,  scarcely  ciliate  at  tip,  the  inner  one  larger, 
ciliate  internally  and  at  the  tip ;  maxillary  palpi  4-jointed, 
the  first  joint  very  short. 

Eyes  strongly  granulated,  rounded. 

Antennae  inserted  under  the  sides  of  the  front,  behind  the 
mandibles,  10-jointed,  the  last  one  or  two  joints  forming  a 
club. 

Head  tolerably  large,  flat,  suddenly  but  slightly  constricted 
behind;  front  broadly  lobed  between  the  mandibles,  which 
are  short,  acute,  and  fringed  with  membrane  internally;  la- 
brum  very  short,  not  di.stinct;  mandibles  short,  robust,  acute 
at  tip,  with  a  small  subapical  tooth ;  internal  margin  fringed 
with  hair. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate,  prosternum 
entire,  coxal  cavities  small,  broadly  closed  behind. 

Mesosternum  short,  emarginate  behind ;  side  pieces  large, 
diagonally  divided;  epimera  attaining  the  coxas 

Metasternum  large,  side  pieces  narrow. 

Elytra  truncate  behind,  leaving  the  last  dorsal  segment 
exposed. 

Abdomen  witti  five  free  ventral  segments,  the  first  and 
fifth  elongated. 

Coxae,  anterior  small,  rounded,  separated;  middle  rounded, 
separated  by  the  sternum  ;  posterior  transverse,  separated. 

Legs  moderate;  tibife  nearly  linear,  with  distinct  terminal 
spurs,  and  a  few  small  spines  about  the  tip;  tarsi  5-jointed, 
the  joints  1 — 3  slightly  dilated,  and  covered  beneath  with 
long  hair,  the  fourth  narrower  and  smaller,  the  fifth  longer 
than  the  others  united,  with  simple  ungues. 

Small,  depressed  insects,  found  mostly  under  bark  of  trees. 
They  resemble  closely  in  characters  and  appearance  the  tribe 


M 


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w. 


V  wm-. 


8G 


COLEOPTEHA  Of  SOmU  AMEIIKJA. 


Ivliizopliagiiii  of  Nitululida!,  and,  like  tlioiu,  llie  iiinles  have  n 
8iimll  tenuiiial  dorsal  si'jfinoiit ;  tlic  form  of  the  uiitcrior  coxa'  at 
onci!  separates  tliciu  from  all  Nitidulidu}. 
Tlie  genera  are  : — 

Auttiiiuai  with  the  ninth  and  tenth  joints  enl.ii;!vi] ; 
Nintli  Joint  of  tlie  nnttMinw  as  wiilu  ii.s  tiiu  t*-ntli; 

Sidus  of  tlie  head  blightly  dilated  before  tlie  e^-es  ;  snrfaeo  finely  pniie- 

tured  and  pubescent.  I'hvconoml's. 

Sides  of  the  head  not  dilated  ;  body  glabrous,  coarsely  iiuiictuied  ;  ely- 
tra punctured  in  stri.i'.  No»ioimii,(EL'h. 
Ninth  joint  of  the  antennte  not  as  wide  as  the  tenth  ;  body  coarsely  punc- 
tured ;  elytra  punctured  and  pubescent  in  stria>.           IIkspkuobam's. 
Autenuie  with  the  ninth  joint  scarcely  larger  than  the  eighth  ; 

Head  short ;  body  sparsely,  coarsely  punctured ;  elytra  piiiictured  and 

pubescent  in  striaj.  liAcriiiDiUM. 

Head  long  ;  body  irregularly,  densely  punctured.  Moxotojia. 

The  type  of  Phj'conomus  is  Moiwloma  marimim  Lee.  ;*  it  is 
found  in  California,  under  decaying  kelp  on  tiie  sea-sliore. 

^'omophlueus  is  founded  on  iV.  pnllipi'nnin  Lee.,  a  small  red- 
dish-brown insect,  11  inch  long,  found  in  Penn.sylvania.  Tht; 
elytra  are  pale,  with  the  suture  and  lip  dusky.  The  head  and 
thorax  are  sparsely  punctured  ;  the  latter  is  quadrate,  scarcely 
serrate  on  the  sides,  with  a  broad  smooth  dorsal  vitta,  limited 
behind  by  a  curved  impression. 

Hesperobcenus  contains  Monotovm  rufipenne  Lec.f  from  Cali- 
fornia, and  a  nondescript  from  the  Atlantic  States.  lihizophagus 
capita  Faircmaire,  from  Honolulu,  also  belougs  to  it. 

Bactridiura  comprises  Rhizophagas  nanus  Er.  from  the  Atlan- 
tic States,  and  Monotonia  atriatum  Lee. if  from  the  Colorado 
Desert, 

Fam.  xvil— trogositidae. 

Mentum  transverse,  subquadrate;  ligula  small,  corneous. 

MaxilliB  with  two  lobes,  the  inner  one  sometimes  very 
small;  palpi  short,  4-jointed. 

Eyes  usually  renitbrm  (divided  in  some  foreign  genera). 

Antennae  inserted  under  the  frontal  margin,  11-jointed, 
rarely  10-jointed  (in  some  foreign  genera);  the  last  three 
joints  widened,  forming  a  loose  club,  of  varied  form. 

*  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  Philad.,  1858,  p.  64. 
t  IWd.,  p.  G4.  X  lljid.,  p.  05. 


TllOOOSITinAE. 


Prothorax  not  passing  over  tho  base  of  the  elytra ;  side 
pieces  not  distinct;  cuxal  cavities  closed  in  the  lirst  and 
tfiird  sub-fiiinilies,  usually  o[)eu  behind  in  thesecoud;  pro- 
sternum  separating  the  coxaj  (except  in  Peltastiea). 

^[esosteruum  separating  the  coxa3,  side  pieces  extending 
to  the  coxa?. 

Metasternum  emarginato  behind,  for  junction  with  the  first 
ventral  segment ;  side  pieces  long,  narrow ;  epimera  not 
visiVjle. 

Elytra  never  truncate,  always  covering  tho  abdomen. 

Abdomen  with  live  Tree  ventral  segments. 

Anterior  coxio  transverse,  separated,  and  not  prominent 
(except  in  Peliustiea);  middle  and  posterior  ones  transverse, 
llut  (except  in  Peltastiea),  the  Ibrmer  separated,  the  latter 
rarely  contiguous. 

Legs  moderate;  tarsi  5jointed,  not  dilated;  joints  1 — 4 
with  a  brush  of  hair  beneath  ;  first  joint  very  siiort,  second 
usually  slightly  elongated,  last  joint  very  long;  claws  simple, 
with  a  broad,  but  short  bisetose  onychium. 

The  insects  of  this  family  were  classed  by  Erichson  with  Nlti- 
dulidie,  but,  as  very  properly  observed  by  Lacordalro,  although 
the  characters  arc  mostly  the  same  as  in  tliat  family,  the  dirt'eront 
plan  of  structure  in  the  maxilla)  and  tarsi  is  suflicient  to  mark 
them  as  a  distinct  family. 

The  species  live  under  bark;  but  some  Trogosita;  arc  found  in 
houses,  living  on  grain,  by  tlie  transportation  of  which  they  have 
been  distributed  over  the  entire  globe. 

Of  the  fi^ur  recognized  tribes  of  this  family  but  two  are  found 
in  our  fauna;  I  consider  them  as  indieatuig  sub-families,  and  I 
have  added  a  third  for  the  anomalous  genus  Peltastiea. 

Anterior  coxse  sepcarate,  not  prominent ; 

Internal  lo])e  of  the  m.ixill.B  unarmed.  Trohomtip^. 

Internal  lobe  of  the  maxillse  armed  with  a  corneous  hook.        Peltid/i;. 
Anterior  coxjb  prominent,  contiguous.  Peltasticiu*. 


Sub-Family  I.— TROGOSITIDAE  (genuini). 

Elongate  insects,  having  the  thorax  narrowed  posteriorly,  and 
somewhat  distant  from  the  elytra;  the  cpistome  is  trisinuate  or 
emarginate  in  front ;  the  last  three  joints  of  the  antenna)  form  a 
loose  club,  usually  dentate  internally;  they  are  11-joiuted,  except 


■■■,-,<  ■>';i>V'*''j 


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sm 


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m 


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i 
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i 


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m 


(;OI,E(»I'TERA  OP  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


ill  two  foreign  Hpccics  of  Nemosoiua.     The  anterior  coxflc  arc 

entirely  enclosed. 

Eyes  rounded.  Nkmosoma. 

Eyes  trniisvtTHO  ; 
Ligulfi  Itilobed,  tibino  not  spinous,  anterior  angles  of  thorax  not  prominent. 

TkmN()<'H11.A. 

LIguIn  Itilobed,  til)ia>  npinous.  Ai.induia. 

Ligula  entire,  tibiie  not  Hpinous,  anterior  angles  of  thorax  prominent. 

Tkooosita. 

Trogosita  and  Tcmnoehila  are  represented  on  both  sides  of  tlio 
continent;  tlie  other  two  genera  only  in  the  Atlantic  district. 


Sub-Family  II.— PKLTIDAE. 

Oval,  flattened,  or  rounded  convex  insects,  having  always  a 
flattened  margin;  the  front  is  truncate;  the  lust  three  joints  of 
the  antennie  form  a  loose  perfoliate  club.  The  anterior  coxal 
cavities  are  open  behind,  except  in  Xosodes. 

Mentuin  transverse,  emarginato  ;  antennal  grooves  feehlo  ; 
Anterior  coxal  cavitit.^  closed;  tibiie  without  terminal  liooks.     Nosodes. 
Anterior  coxal  cavities  open  ;  anterior  tibiie  with  a  terminal  hook. 

rKLTIS. 

Mentum  minute,  oval ;  antennal  grooves  deep  ; 
Anterior  coxal  cavities  widely  open  ;  tibiie  without  terminal  hooks. 

TUYMAI.CS. 

The  species  of  the  first  and  second  genera  are  flattened  ;  the 
elytra  are  striate,  with  square  punctures,  in  the  first  tubereulate, 
in  the  second  with  the  sides  of  the  body  serrate;  the  third  genus 
is  convex,  with  the  elytra  irregularly  punctured. 


Sub-Family  III.— PELTASTICIDAE. 

Pcltastica  tuherculata  Mann.,  a  small  oval  pale-brown  insect 
found  in  Russian  America,  presents  so  many  anomalies,  that  it  is 
doubtful  to  what  family  it  properly  appertains.  I  have  placed  it 
in  the  present,  as  a  sub-family  in  preference  to  establishing  for  it 
a  separate  family ;  which  is,  indeed,  the  only  other  course  prac- 
ticable, unless  it  be  received  as  a  sub-family  of  Silphidte. 

The  form  is  oval,  with  depressed  margins,  like  a  miniature  Pel- 
tis.  The  body  is  coarsely  punctured,  and  the  elytra  are  marked 
with  four  rows  of  small  black  tubercles,  separated  by  pale  spots. 


K 


COLYDIIDAE. 


80 


The  niftxillic  aro  not  soon  in  my  specimens.  Tlic  antenniv  are 
U-jointed,  witii  :t-Joiiito(l  eliib;  uutcnual  giuuves  tjUorl;  the  tVunt 
trnncate,  sides  widely  diluted.  *. 

The  untericn*  euxie  ure  transverse,  but  prominent  nnd  eontipn- 
ons;  the  <!o.xiil  cuvities  lire  closed  behind.  The  posterior  co.xie 
are  transverse,  but  prominent  internally,  and  concave  behind. 
The  tibial  spurs  are  ol)S()lete.  The  joints  1 — 4  of  the  tarsi  arc 
very  short  and  equal,  hairy  beneath ;  the  last  joint  is  very  lonp, 
with  moderate-sized  simple  claws.  The  fifth  ventral  segment  is 
rounded  behind,  but  the  sixth  projects  slightly. 


u 


>■■ 


m 


Fam.  XVIII.— col YDII DAE. 


Mentum  subquadrnte,  rarely  covering  the  base  of  the  max- 
illae: ligula  corneous  ;  palpi  3-Jointed,  short. 

Maxiliio  with  two  lobes;  palpi  short,  4-jointe(l. 

Antennte  inserted  under  the  margin  of  the  front,  10-  or 
lljointed,  rarely  8-jointed,  sometimes  gradually  thickened, 
usually  terminated  by  a  small  sudden  club. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  distinct;  anterior  coxal 
cavities  almost  always  closed  behind,  sometimes  distant, 
sometimes  confluent;  presternum  scarcely  ever  prolonged 
behind  the  coxse. 

Mesosternum  small,  side  pieces  not  attaining  the  coxa?, 

Metasternum  large;  side  pieces  long,  narrow ;  epiraera  not 
visible. 

Elytra  never  truncate,  always  covering  the  abdomen. 

Abdomen  with  five  ventral  segments,  the  three  or  four 
anterior  ones  more  or  less  connate. 

Anterior  and  middle  coxa)  small,  globular,  not  prominent; 
posterior  transverse,  either  distant  or  contiguous,  not  promi- 
nent. 

Legs  short;  tibias  not  dilated;  terminal  spurs  usually 
small,  frequently  indistinct;  tarsi  4-jointed,  not  dilated;  un- 
gues simple. 

Small  insects,  usually  of  an  elongate  or  cylindrical  form,  living 
under  the  bark  of  trees,  in  fungi,  or  in  the  earth.  The  small 
globular  anterior  and  middle  coxa;,  and  the  4-jointed  simple  tar;i, 
will  enable  them  to  be  readily  distinguished  from  any  of  the 
neighboring  families. 


i*:id'T:i>h.yi. 


■.■;.; 


■  .i: 
V':. -J ■■:,.■•:.  r>3 


'^■%' 


■■■Vt«'. 


mm 


^m 


•V  COLEfHTEHA  OF  NOUTII  AMKIllCA. 

Five  tribes,  estahlishcd  by  Kricbson,  and  all  represented  in  onr 
fnuna,  coiislitutu  this  family  : — 

I.  I'oMtttrior  coxfD  contiKiiouH  ; 

Ventrnl  Mt-ginents  eqiittl  in  leni?th.  Sy.n(;iiiti"«i. 

Fii'Mt  viiiitriil  HH^'munt  tilongattid.  Culvijiim. 

II.  I'OHturlor  ciixm  (llstftnt ; 

LiiHt  joint  of  pnlpi  not  nciculnr ; 
FliHt  vcntrui  Hepnmiit  i'ionj,'ate(l.  BoTiiKinEnisi. 

Vfiitrnl  Ht'giiD'iitH  ('({uul  in  longtli.  I'ycnomkki.m. 

Last  Joint  uf  palpi  small,  ucicular.  C'EnYLi.M. 


'iHt:'^ 


liter 

5« 


Trlbo  I.-9YXCIIITI!VI. 

Most  of  the  species  of  this  tril)c  nro  reniarknbk'  for  being 
cov<'r(Ml  witli  usperities,  usniilly  bonrinj^  erect  l)ri,stli's;  tlu'  foriu 
is  sonu'liinds  elongiite,  but  frecpiontly  oval,  rosenil»liii|r  Pcltis.  I;i 
our  genenv  the  first  three  tarsal  joints  are  nearly  ecjuul,  and  the 
tibiaj  have  no  terminal  spurs,  or  only  very  small  ones. 

A.  Til)iiL'  filiform,  not  spinous,  witliout  terminal  (spurs  ; 

a.  Auteniim  not  retractile  undor  the  head,  11-joiuted  (hod/  elungnto, 

C'ostate)  ; 
AntenniD  thick,  perfoliate;   eyes  very  narrow,  remoto  from  tlie 

margin  of  the  head.  Amiiomma. 

Autcnnw  moderate  ;  eyes  ronnd,  lateral.  Riiaoodkua. 

b.  Antenn.'P  received  in  grooves  under  tiie  head  ; 

I'rosternum  not  produced  behind;  antennio  with  "-jointed  club; 
nnteiuial  grooves  short.  Coxelus. 

B.  Tibifo  filiform,  not  spinous,  with  small  terminal  spurs  ; 
a.  Antenuie  11-jointed,  with  2-jointed  cluli; 

Antennal  grooves  wanting  ;  first  and  second  joints  of  antennre  dis- 
tinctly thicker ;  body  costate.  Ditoma. 
6.  Antenna;  10-jointed,  club  solid; 

Antennal  grooves  wanting.  Synchita. 

Antennal  grooves  distinct,  subparallel.  Ciconks. 

C.  Tibiaj  slightly  tliickened,  with  small  tfrminal  spurs,  and  a  few  small 

spines  at  the  extremity ;  antenna)  11-jointod,  with  3-jointed  club ; 
(body  costate)  Lasconotcs. 

Tribe  II.— COLYDIISfl. 

Species  having  a  cylindrical,  sometimes  very  slender,  form  ; 
found  uiffler  bark.  The  European  genus  Aglenus  has  no  eyes, 
but  in  all  of  ours  the  eyes  arc  distinct.  The  elytra  arc  striate, 
rarely  ribbed.     The  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  elongate  in  all  of  our 


[M 


coi.vnnn.xE. 


91 


froiiora,  except  Oxyliriuus.  in  wliich  ulso  llio  uiitcrior  ooxal  cuvi- 
lifs  iii't'  open  l)oliiii(l. 

A.  Frontal  iiinrKin  liruml,  covoritiK  tlie  iiiMertion  of  tii<!  niituniim ; 
Clul>  of  luitciiiiii*  ;)-J<>iiit<'il ;   (tliorax  with  iiiipn-Hro'il  liio's)  ; 
Antxrior  til>i)i<  with  oiio  Hpur  uiilaigtMl,  luiokud ;   el^trn  tlii*>ly  or 

Hoaroi'ly  Htriate.  Aci.o.mi'm. 

AiittM'ior  til)ia>  with  Hinnll  H])nr!t;  «>lytra  rihbed.  Coi.yiiicm. 

Chill  of  aiitiMiniu  2-joiiitticl ;  body  costati'.  Eulaiiil')*. 

D.  Frontal  inar);iii  nut  ililat<>(1 ;  basu  of  antt-nnic  exposed; 
Antt-rior  t'oxiu  distant ; 

liyes  Hat ;  hjhith  of  tliu  tihim  small,  outer  angle  jirolongcd  ;  (elytra 
striate,  body  very  elongate).  Nkmatihium 

Anterior  coxie  contiguon-t ; 
First  joint  of  tarsi  long  ;  club  of  antennto  with  two  distinet  joints  ; 

(elytra  eostate).  ri,KfHii)ii'M. 

First  joint  of  tarsi  short ;  clnh  of  antenn.'o  globular,  connioseil  of 
two  couuulo  joints  ;  elytra  couri<uly  punuturod  in  rows. 

Oxw.KMva. 

Tribo  III.— BOTIIRIDERIIVI. 

In  this  tribo  tho  posterior  coxiu  are  widely  separated,  and  tlic 
first  ventral  segment  is  elongated.  Tho  si>ecies  are  soincwlint 
flattened,  and  the  elytra  are  ribbed  ;  the  buccal  cavity  is  deep, 
and  the  oral  organs  are  retracted;  the  montuni  is  transverse  and 
concave,  and  the  inferior  nuirgin  of  tlie  mandibles  is  dilated  at 
the  base;  the  eyes  are  not  prominent;  the  antennas  are  shorl, 
U-jointed,  with  the  club  2-jointed. 

Two  species  of  Bothrideres  are  known  to  me.  The  genus  is 
distinguished  by  the  anterior  coxa)  being  very  widely  separated. 

Tribo  IV.— PYCIVOIWERIIVI. 

Elongate,  somewhat  flattened  species,  covered  with  coarse  punc- 
tures, having  on  the  elytra  rows  of  very  large  punctures.  The 
palpi  are  cylindrical,  and  the  posterior  coxic,  as  in  tho  preceding 
tribe,  are  distant,  but  the  ventral  segments  are  equal  in  length. 

AntennoB  with  eleven  disthict  joints,  club  2-iointed.  ENDErTic. 

Antennce  with  ten  apparent  joints,  club  solid.  PvL-.\oMEKri«. 

Endectus  contains  Li/cfuH  hapmafoda^  Fabr.  and  L.  rrflcm^ 
Say,  previously  enrolled  in  Pycnomerus,  and  one  nondescript;  of 
the  latter  genus  but  one  species  is  kuowu  to  me.  They  are  all 
from  the  Atlantic  States. 


iti 


i& 


ii 


Mm 

■\'W ''<■■■*    '■■ 

mm 


'  V. 


':.\^<--'' 


.•'^•; 


,.  ;  *C  ;  ^    -'•     it  M 


■< 


v-;j 


1)2 


<H»I,Ki»l'TKllA  Ol'  NUllTII  AMKUIOA. 


Tril...  V.-CF.KYI.IIS'I. 


Smiill.  (ibloiiu:  or  oval,  llaltnitMl  insects,  Imviiifj  all  tlio  coxin 
widely  se|tiirale(l,  tlie  lirsl  ventral  .sej^ment  eIonfi;ate<l,  and  tlio  last 
Joint  (if  the  palpi  small  and  aeieuliir,  iho  peniiltiinato  tliiek;  lohea 
of  the  niaxilhe  lon>^  and  slender. 


Auli'iiu.i'  1  l-ioiuti'<i ;   (I'ody  inilM'sccnt). 
Anlt'iiiia'  10  joiutod;   (Imily  glalirous). 


1'nn.oTiiKUMrH. 
L'kuyi.on. 


Fam.  XTX.— IITTYSSODIDAE. 


>  '-"^ 


'PfV' 


^[entum  very  larp^o,  qundrate,  Msinuato  in  front,  covering 
entirely  tlie  month  beneath  ;  ])alpi  sliort,  o-jointed. 

MaxilliU  with  two  small  lobes;  pulpi  short,  'ijointed. 

Antenme  insorted  under  the  frontal  miiri^in,  ll-jointed, 
j',>ints  nearly  enual,  rounded,  the  first  larger,  biit  also  roundud, 

Prothorax  boneath  with  the  side  pieees  distinct,  the  sutnro 
running  parallel  with  the  lateral  margin ;  coxal  cavities 
closed  behind,  widely  separated. 

i\[esosternuni  very  short,  side  pieces  diagonally  divided, 
opiniera  reaching  the  coxa>. 

Mctastcrmim  very  large;  side  pieces  very  narrow,  almost 
coneealeil  by  the  elytra. 

Klytra  rounded  at  tij),  covering  the  abdomen,  with  six  or 
seven  deep  farrows,  or  n>ws  of  jiunetures;  scutelluii^  wanting. 

Abdomen  with  six  ventral  segments;  the  Hrst  visible  only 
betveen  the  cox;e,  broadly  triangular;  the  three  anterior 
ones  closely  connate. 

Anterior  coxivs  small,  globular,  not  prominent;  middle 
coxa^  globular,  small ;  jiosterior  coxic  small,  subtriangular, 
prominent  internally,  all  of  them  widely  separated. 

Legs  short;  anterior  tibia?  somewhat  dilated,  terminated 
by  two  hooks,  on  the  under  surface  snlcato  towards  the  tip, 
siibemarginate,  and  armed  above  the  tip  with  a  spine;  middle 
and  posterior  tibiic  with  an  internal  terminal  spine,  spurs 
ilij'inet;  tarsi  5-jointed,  very  slightly  pubescent  beneath; 
posterior  trochanters  prominent,  oval. 

Two  genera,  of  sinprnlar  form,  found  under  bark,  constitute  this 
family,  whieh  in  several  of  its  characters  resembles  the  Caral)ida', 
but  yet  not  so  as  to  belong  to  the  same  scries.     The  auteuua)  are 


CtJCl'JII>.\F.. 


«).•{ 


cnmpoKcil  of  ofprnl  Riohuliir  Joints;  llio  IkmkI  is  strfitifrly  nui- 
Ktriflt'd  lit'liiiiil  iiilo  a  iii'ck,  itml  is  sfulpliircd  willi  Iwu  (|(i>ji 
grooves,  coiiviTj^iiii^  ItcliiiKl;  tli<'  lliorax  is  loii^,  has  llircc  ciitiri' 
grooves,  and  two  sliort  posterior  liromler  ones  (Olinidiuin),  or 
threes  deep  eiitirci  ones,  and  two  liner  liilerai  lines  ( llliyshode.  ) ; 
the  eiylni  are  deeply  grooved  in  Clinidiiini,  eourseiy  Ktriato-pune- 
tale  in  Khyssodes. 

Kves  latiT.il,  loumlcd,  (IJMliiictly  (^rniiiiliitcii.  Kiiyhhodkm, 

liyM  MUiiuiior,  niinuw,  scarcely  gninuhitod  (HotnotinicH  wantiii);';- 

Cl.lMDIIM. 


..'##5 


iV0 


■:.'  .'^•■''<%| 


J*  ,■  *    ■  ■  '   '  - 


Fam.XX.— CUCUJIDAE. 

Montnm  small,  subquadrato,  UHnally  transverse;  lignla 
conicoMM,  prominent;  ])alpi  short,  ;> jointed. 

Maxillae  with  two  lohes;  palpi  4-jointtj(l. 

AnteiMiie  inserted  at  the  inarj^in  of  the  front,  lljointed, 
sometimes  long  and  slender,  sometimes  with  the  outer  joints 
slightly  enlarg'.'d,  the  first  joint  usually  elongated. 

i'rothorax  with  the  side  piijees  not  se[)arate  from  the  upper 
piece;  coxal  cavities  separated  by  tin;  prosternum,  widciv 
()[>en  behind,  with  a  fissure  externally  leading  to  the  epistii- 
iial  suture  in  the  second  and  third  sub-families,  entirely 
clos(!d  in  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth. 

Mososternum  modenite;  epimera  reaching  the  coxie. 

Metasternum  large,  quadrate;  episterna  long,  narrow,  co- 
vered. 

Klytra  rounded  at  tip  and  covering  the  abdomen,  except 
in  the  fourth  sub-lamijy;  usually  flat,  strongly  margined.; 
sen  tell  um  distinct. 

Abdotnen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  equal  in  length. 

Anterior  cox:e  small,  globular,  not  promitient;  midill.! 
coxic  small,  subtriangular,  not  f)r(;niinent;  ))ostorior  coXcd 
nearly  contiguous,  transverse,  slightly  prominent. 

Legs  moderate,  tibia?  slender,  with  two  small  terminal 
spurs;  tarsi  with  the  first  joint  usually  small,  sometimes  ij- 
jointed  in  both  sexes;  the  posterior  tarsi  sometimes  -i  jointed 
in  the  males. 

The  species  which  constitute  this  family  are,  with  one  exception 
(Narthccius),  very  depressed,  and  usually  of  an  elongate  form. 
They  live  under  bark. 


i;i?t;.',-: 


I'  :M^k'M^ 


% 


I  •  ■  •  '•■. 


'.    I' 


'^: 


.  •.? 


"f  4 


^'^■:-i^-' 


h:M^' 


■ia&- 

'-  "! 

mWa 

-  > 

mm 

J*^K       ' 

"l^K^t 

^V    ' 

i^ 

0'. 

^V' 

■^(^?^  .■ 

W^ 

u^:: 

94 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


Monotoraa,  included  iu  this  family  by  Duval,  should  never  liave 
liad  a  place  in  it. 

This  family  divides  into  five  sub-families,  of  which  the  second 
is  considered  by  l)u  Val  as  forming  a  distinct  family.  The  solo 
character,  the  concealment  of  the  maxillue  by  corneous  plates,  does 
not  appear  of  sufficient  importance  to  warrant  such  a  conclusion, 
and  I  therefore  follow  the  example  of  Erichsou  and  Lacordaire 
in  considering  it  as  a  member  of  the  present  family. 

Anterior  coxal  cavities  closed  bebiud ;  tarsi  not  lob«d  beneath,  ^rith  tlie 

fourth  joint  small.  Silvamd^. 

Anterior  coxal  cavities  open  behind  ; 

Maxilla*  covered  by  corneous  plates.  Passasdrip.*. 

Maxillfe  exposed.  Cl'cimid^. 

Anterior  coxiil  cavities  closed  behind  ;  tarsi  with  the  third  joint  lobed  ; 

Fourth  tar.'^al  joint  not  smaller  than  the  third.  HEMii'KrLiD*. 

Fourth  tarsal  joint  very  small.  Telepuanid^. 

Sub-Family  I.— SYLVAXIDAE. 

In  this  sub-family  arc  contained  but  two  genera,  having  the 
genaj  prominent  and  acute ;  the  antennaj  with  the  first  joint  not 
elongated,  and  the  outer  ones  enlarged ;  the  anterior  coxal  cavi- 
ties are  broadly  closed  behind,  and  the  tarsi,  5-jointed  in  both 
sexes,  have  the  fourth  joint  small. 

The  genera  are  two  in  number,  and  the  specios,  which  arc  of 

small  size,  are  found  under  bark  or  in  grain. 

Auteniiie  with  the  joints  9 — 11  somewhat  suddenly  larger.        Sylvanus. 
Autennce  with  outer  joints  gradually  enlarged.  Nausiiuuh. 

The  type  and  only  species  of  the  last  genus  is  N.  dentatus, 
having  several  large  teeth  on  the  sides  of  the  thorax.  It  has 
been  difl'used  over  the  whole  globe  iu  articles  of  commerce. 

Sub-Family  II.— PASSANDRIDAE. 

This  sub-family  is  represented  in  the  United  States  by  a  single 
species,  Catogenus  riifus,  of  very  variable  size,  found  in  the  Mid- 
dle, Southern,  and  Western  States.  It  is  dark-brown,  elongate, 
depressed  ;  the  elytra  are  striate,  and  the  antenna?  moderately 
thick;  the  tarsi  are  5-jointed  in  both  sexes;  the  anterior  coxal 
cavities  are  open  behind ;  the  genaj  are  prolonged  into  plates 
ooverinff  the  maxilla;. 


iplc 


CUCLJIUAE. 


95 


Sub-Family  III.— CUCUJIDAE  (gcnuini). 

In  this  sub-family  the  anterior  coxa)  cavities  are  open  behind, 
and  the  base  of  the  maxilhc  is  exposed.  The  tarsi  are  liliform, 
either  5-jointed,  or  with  the  hind  ones  of  the  males  4-jointed. 

Two  tribes  are  indicated  by  our  genera : — 

Antt'iinfB  with  the  first  joint  moderate.  Cccimim. 

Autuuna)  with  the  first  joiut  elongated.  Bko.nti.m. 

Tribe  I.— ClICUJIIVI. 

The  typical'  genus  Cucujus  is  represented  in  our  country  by 
two  species.  They  are  bright  scarlet-colored,  depre.-<sed  insects, 
less  elongate  than  Catogenus,  with  the  elytra  punctured,  with 
three  faintly-marked  smooth  lines.  C.  clavipes  is  found  on  the 
Atlantic  slope,  C.  2ii(^^iccus  in  Oregon  and  Russian  America, 
^'arthecius  contains  a  small  species  from  Pennsylvania,  which  is 
very  remarkable  for  its  cylindrical  form  and  very  large  head, 
which,  with  the  thorax,  more  than  equals  in  length  the  elytra. 
The  other  genera  are  composed  of  small  insects,  occurring  un 
both  sides  of  the  continent.  The  posterior  tarsi  are  4-jointed  in 
the  males. 

Posterior  angles  of  the  head  prominent,  rounded;  antenna?  not  (hickt'iu'd 
externally.  Ciiu.ics. 

Posterior  ancles  of  the  head  none;  prostemum  narrow;  antenna'  with  the 
last  three  joints  wider,  the  intermediate  ones  unequal ;  elytra  nut  striate. 

I'EDIAri'.a. 

Posterior  angles  of  the  head  none  ;  prosternum  very  wide  :  antenih-e  usually 
lung,  slender,  the  last  three  joints  sometimes  slightly  dilated  ;  elytra 
ohsoletely  striate  ;  head  and  thorax  with  a  line  elevated  line  or  one  or 
two  stri.-e  near  each  side  ;  spurs  of  the  anterior  tibiw  unequal ; 

Body  much  depressed.  L/icvoi'iiLffifS. 

Body  cylindrical ;  head  very  large  (antennre  less  elongated). 

NAUTUErirs. 

Trilw  It.— nRO\TI\I. 

This  tribe  consists  of  two  genera,  found  on  both  sides  of  the 
continent,  and  also  in  Europe.  IJrontcs  is  generally  dilfuscd, 
Dendrophagus  only  in  the  northern  regions.  The  elytra  are 
striate  in  both. 

Body  very  elongate;  sides  of  thorax  parallel;  mesosternuin  truncate  in 
trout.  DENDKorii  Aurs. 

Body  lo^s  elongate;  sides  of  thorax  strongly  serrate,  anterior  aMt;les  pro- 
longed ;  mesosternum  broadly  emargiuate  iu  front.  Buo.Miia. 


'Mm 

"*  '-.'li  'i'i^-:','' 


<:'mmh^ 


T' 


V  .»-■,-<'  ■.••"■ 


1-     .";■      .■■'■»■; 


lf»irl 


•si 


R*,  ■» 


96  COhEOPTEIlA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Sub-Family  IV.— HEMIPEPLIDAE. 

In  this  sub-family  the  anterior  coxal  cavities  arc  nearly  con- 
fluent, and  narrowly  closed  behind ;  the  elytra  are  rounded  at  tip, 
but  shorter  tiian  the  abdomen.  The  anterior  and  middle  tar>i 
are  somewhat  dilated,  and  the  fourth  joint  is  not  smaller  than  the 
third,  and  is  slightly  lobed  beneath;  the  hind  tarsi  (of  the  males 
alone  ?)  arc  4-jointed.  The  I)ody  is  very  elongated,  linear,  and 
depressed ;  the  head  is  narrowed  behind  the  eyes,  which  are 
large.  The  thorax  in  our  species  is  somewhat  najrowed  behind, 
with  a  large  puncture  each  side,  near  the  base ;  the  antennas  are 
a  little  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  very  slightly  thickened 
at  the  extremity,  with  the  first  joint  as  long  as  the  three  fdllow- 
ing;  the  maxillaj  are  not  covered,  and  the  genai  are  but  slightly 
prominent. 

Ilemipcplus  marginipennis,  the  only  representative  in  our 
fauna,  is  a  very  rare  insect,  found  under  bark  in  the  Southern 
States. 


I.'; 


.<  '.'F- 


^\ 


'■■■        I:        W.        ' 


Sub-Family  T.— TELEPHAXIDAE. 

In  this  sub-family  the  anterior  coxal  cavities  are  broadly  closed 
behind,  as  in  the  first  sul)-faniily,  but  the  third  joint  of  the  tarsi 
is  lobed  beneath;  the  maxilhe  are  exposed,  and  the  gente  but 
slightly  prominent.  The  genus  Telephanus  is  found  under  stones ; 
of  Pseudophanus  the  habits  are  not  known. 

Our  two  genera,  each  containing  a  single  species,  represent  two 

tribes : — 

Antennae  with  the  first  joint  elongated.  Telephaniki. 

Autenuio  with  the  fir.st  joint  short.  P.sEri>oi»iiANiNi. 

Tel('j)hanus  velox  (Heterodromia  vclox  ITald.)  is  found  in  the 
Atlantic  district;  Pseudophanus  svjnatus  Lee.  in  Oregon. 


Fam.XXI.— CRYPTOPIIAGIDAE. 

Mentum  moderate,  trapezoidal,  sinuate  in  front;  ligula 
corneous,  usually  with  distinct  paraglossoi;  labial  palpi  short, 
3-jointed. 

Maxillaa  exposed  at  the  base,  with  two  coriaceous  lobes, 


''-m 

;.:^i!i 


the 


CnYPTOPIIAOIPAE. 


9T 


the  inner  one  with  a  terminal  hook ;  maxillary  palpi  4jointed, 
short. 

Eyea  rounded,  moderately  strongly  granulated. 

Antennaj  11-jointed,  with  the  joints  U — 11  larger,  forming 
a  club. 

Head  usually  moderate  in  size,  not  narrowed  behind,  front 
sometimes  moderately  prolonged;  labrum  distinct,  transverse. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate;  prDsteriiiim 
separating  the  coxic,  usually  prolonged  behind;  cuxal  cavi- 
ties open  behind. 

MesoHternum  articulating  with  the  prosternum,  frequently 
emarginate  in  front;  side  pieces  not  attaining  the  cox;e, 

Metasternum  large,  side  pieces  narrow. 

Elytra  rounded  behind,  entirely  covering  the  abdomen. 

Abilomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  the  lirst  some- 
what longer  than  the  others. 

Coxtc,  anterior  oval  or  rounded;  middle  ones  rounded; 
posterior  ones  transverse;  all  of  them  separated  by  the  re- 
spective sterna. 

Legs  short ;  tibiae  nearly  linear,  with  small  terminal  spurs ; 
tarsi  sometimes  5-jointed,  with  the  fourth  joint  sniallor;  the 
hind  ones  are  only  4-jointed  in  the  males  of  several  genera; 
the  joints  are  clothed  beneath  with  long  hair,  and  the  first 
three  of  the  anterior  pair  are  frequently  dilated  in  the  male. 

Insects  of  small  size  and  of  variable  form,  but  never  very  de- 
pressed, and  with  the  thorax  nearly  or  quite  us  wide  as  the  elytra. 
They  live  on  fungi  aud  other  decomposing  vegetable  matters. 
Some  arc  found  flying  in  the  evening  twilight,  and  upon  board- 
piles. 

I  have  limited  this  family  in  the  same  manner  as  Lacordairc, 
and  cannot  adopt  the  views  of  Duval,  who  has  joined  with  it  Syl- 
vanus,  and  excluded  Telmatophilus.  I  do  not  find  the  anterior 
coxa)  globose,  as  described  by  Erichson,  Lacordairc,  and  Duval, 
except  in  Atomaria  and  the  allied  genus  Epistemus. 

The  characters  of  the  family  are  nearly  tliose  of  Ciicujida-,  but 
the  greater  lengtli  of  the  first  ventral  segment,  and  dillerent  form 
of  body,  enable  the  genera  to  be  readily  distinguished. 

Three  tribes  are  indicated  as  follows : — 
Tarsi  with  fourth  joint  very  small,  the  secoud  and  third  lobcd. 

TKLMATOPniLINI. 

Tarsi  with  the  joints  not  lobed  heneath  ; 

Antentisc  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  front.  CnyPTorrrAoiNi. 

Antennso  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  front.  Atomauiim. 


•   ■■-■•-At-''" 


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M,.;^?-- '.'■■   ■■•a 


98 


COLEOI'TEllA  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


Tribe  I.-TELMATOPHILIIVI. 


The  antennae  are  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  front,  which  is 
narrowed  and  prolonged ;  the  clypeal  suture  is  not  visible ;  the 
anterior  coxie  are  slightly  oval;  the  prosternum  is  prolonged, 
meeting  the  concave  mesosternura.  The  tarsi  arc  5-jointed  in 
both  sexes,  the  fourth  joint  is  very  small,  and  the  third  is  pro- 
longed beneath  into  a  lobe ;  the  second  joint  is  slightly  lobed. 

Telmatophilus,  and  a  new  genus,  constitute  this  tribe ;  the 
species  are  found  on  plants  near  water.  One  species  of  each 
genus  is  known  to  me  from  the  Atlantic  district ;  they  are  found 
on  plants  near  water.  Lobcrus  resembles,  at  first  sight,  a  small 
Ilaltica  of  the  group  Crepidodera;  the  color  is  shining  black, 
the  thorax  but  sparsely  punctured,  with  a  transverse  impression 
very  near  the  base ;  the  elytra  have  striaj  of  line  punctures,  from 
which  proceed  very  short  fine  hairs. 

The  genera  are  thus  distinguished  : — 

Ninth  joint  of  antennae  scarcely  wider  than  the  eighth  ;  body  densely  punc- 
tured and  pubescent.  Telmatophilus. 

Ninth  joint  of  antenna?  as  wide  as  the  tentli ;  body  scarcely  pubescent ;  ely- 
tra with  striae  of  punctures.  Lobekus, 


Tribe  II.— CRYPTOPHAGIIVI  (genuini). 

The  antenna;  are  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  front,  which  is 
sometimes  prolonged ;  the  ninth  joint  of  the  antenna;  is  scarcely 
narrower  than  the  tenth.  The  anterior  coxa?  are  decidedly  trans- 
verse. The  tarsi  are  sometimes  6-jointed  in  both  sexes,  but 
usually  the  hind  tarsi  of  the  male  are  4-jointed ;  the  joints  are 
not  lobed  beneath,  and  the  fourth  is  but  little  smaller  than  the 
third.  The  anterior  tarsi  of  the  males  are  slightly  dilated,  and 
hairy  beneath. 

Tivo  groups  are  known  by  the  following  characters : — 
Mesosternum  deeply  emargiuate,  receiving  the  prosternum. 

ANTHEROPnAOI. 

Mesosternum  not  emargiuate.  Chvftophagi. 

Group  I.— Antherophagi. 

The  genus  Antherophagus  alone,  represented  by  one  species  in 

.le  Atlantic  district,  and  one  in  Russian  America,  constitutes  this 

group,  which  differs  from  the  next  not  only  by  the  prosternum 


CRYPTOPIIAOIDAE. 


99 


■■^V 


being  more  prolonged,  with  the  tip  received  into  the  dccjily 
t'liiargiuatc  niesostunuiui,  but  by  the  very  tlifl'ereut  form  ol"  the 
body,  which  is  oval,  and  resembles  cousiderubly  a  Nitidulidc  of 
the  genus  Epuriea.  The  head  is  flat,  the  front  not  prolonged, 
and  in  the  male  is  deeply  incised  at  tij),  exposing  a  membranous 
triangular  epistouui.  The  antennas  of  tlie  female  are  olul)ljed,  aa 
usual;  those  of  the  male  are  stout,  and  scarcely  thickened  at  the 
end.  The  mandiltles  are  promhient,  and  suddenly  incurved  at 
the  tip.  The  hind  tarsi  of  the  male  are  4-jointed.  The  genus 
lives  on  flowers.  Our  species  is  finely  punctured,  and  densely 
clothed  with  fulvous  hair. 

Group  II.— Cryptophagl. 

Small  insects,  of  an  elongated  form,  living  in  decomposing 
vegetable  matter ;  usually  of  a  brown  color,  and  clothed  with 
rather  coarse  hair.  The  sides  of  the  thora.v  are  usually  toothed. 
The  prosternum  is  slightly  prolonged,  but  the  mcsosternura  is  not 
emarginate  for  its  reception.  The  antenna;  and  front  are  alike 
in  both  sexes,  and  the  latter  is  somewhat  prolonged. 

The  posterior  tarsi  of  the  male  of  Cryptopliagus  have  but  four 
joints;  in  Paramecosoma  and  Tomarus  the  tarsi  are  5-jointed  in 
both  sexes. 

Body  pubescent ;  sides  of  the  thorax  toothed  or  serrate  ; 

Meutum  with  an  ohtusf  emarginate  medial  tooth.  Ckyptopiimius. 

Mentum  with  an  acute  medial  tooth.  Pabameco.soma. 

Body  glabrous  ;  sides  of  the  thorax  smooth.  Tomakus. 

The  two  first-mentioned  genera  are  represented  in  every  por- 
tion of  our  territory;  the  third  only  in  the  Atlantic  district,  and 
resembles  in  appearance  Atomaria,  but  difters  from  it  by  the 
insertion  of  the  antennic,  and  the  absence  of  pubescence. 

Tribe  III.— ATOMARII]*!. 

The  antennae  are  inserted  between  the  eyes,  at  the  anterior  part 
of  the  front,  and  are  usually  very  closely  approximated.  The 
mentum  is  tridentate  in  front.  The  anterior  coxae  are  rounded. 
The  tarsi  are  5-jointed  in  both  .sexes,  and  not  lobed  beneath;  the 
fourth  joint  is  smaller  than  the  third.  The  species  are  of  very 
small  size,  and  are  found  flying  in  the  evening,  and  about  wood- 
piles.     The  two  groups  of  Atomaria   recognized  by  previous 


■       •""     ■■•■  't^'. 


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m 


100 


COLEOI'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


authors  seem,  from  the  form  of  tlie  body  unci  difTorcnoc  in  posi- 
tion of  the  antenna),  almost  outilled  to  rank  as  distinct  genera. 

Body  pubescent ;  antenna)  very  approximate,  or  Komewhat  distant. 

Atomaria. 
Body  ovate,  convex,  glabrous  ;  antenna-  somewhat  distant.       Ei'isteml's. 


:,tf  '  :■■'■., 

ri^.r;u^/  ■■■■. 


Fam.  XXII.— DERODONTIDAE. 

Mentum  small,  trapezoidal ;  ligula  corneous,  with  distinct 
paraglossoe;  labial  palpi  3-jointed,  with  the  last  joint  oval. 

Maxilla)  exposed  at  the  base ;  inner  lobe  corneous,  hooked 
at  the  end,  and  ciliate  near  the  tip;  outer  lobe  equal  in  size, 
ciliate  at  tip;  maxillary  palpi  4-joiDted,  cylindrical,  last  joint 
elongate  oval. 

Head  suddenly  but  not  strongly  constricted  behind;  eyes 
small,  rounded,  prominent,  finely  granulated;  labruin  trans- 
verse, rounded,  separated  from  the  front  by  a  transverse 
membranous  epistoma;  mandibles  short,  curved,  acute,  with 
a  tooth  very  near  the  apex. 

Antennas  inserted  before  the  eyes,  upon  the  sides  of  the 
front,  11  jointed,  first  and  second  joints  thicker  than  the  fol- 
lowing, 9 — 11  not  suddenly  larger. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate,  the  margin 
strongly  toothed;  coxal  cavities  confluent,  closed  l)ehind. 

Mesosternum  short,  scarcely  separating  the  middle  coxae; 
side  pieces  diagonally  divided. 

Metasteruum  large,  side  pieces  narrow. 

Elytra  entirely  covering  the  abdomen,  with  ten  rows  of 
large  quadrate  punctures,  besides  a  marginal  series  and  a 
short  one  near  the  scutellum. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  equal  ventral  segments. 

Coxa3,  anterior,  transverse,  conical,  prominent,  contiguous; 
middle,  oval,  oblique,  slightly  prominent;  posterior,  trans- 
Verse,  slightly  separated,  dilated  internally,  forming  a  small 
plate,  which  protects  the  insertion  of  the  thigh. 

Legs  moderate;  tibiae  not  dilated,  with  small  terminal 
spurs;  tarsi  5-jointed,  clothed  beneath  with  long  hairs,  the 
fourth  joint  somewhat  smaller  than  the  preceding;  clawa 
simple. 

This  family  contains  only  the  genus  Derodontus,  represented 
by  two  species — Cryplophagus  maculatus  Mels.,  from  the  At- 


LATIIRinilDAE. 


101 


lantic  district,  and  Corticaria  Irinvjnafa  Mann.,  from  Russian 
America. 

Tlie  form  of  tlio  anterior  and  jtostcrior  coxai  distinguishes  it 
from  all  the  preceding  families,  and  approximates  it  somewhat  to 
iho  families  following  the  Elateridie. 

The  two  species  are  snnUi,  testaceous,  or  brown,  coarsely  punc- 
tured insects,  having  the  head  deeply  impressed,  with  a  small 
smooth  tubercle  each  side  inside  of  the  eye,  which  at  first  sight 
resembles  a  largo  ocellus.  The  thorax  is  comparatively  small, 
channelled,  and  its  lateral  margin  is  strongly  toothed;  the  elytra 
are  wider  than  the  thora.x,  with  striie  composed  of  large  punc- 
tures, and  are  variegated  with  darker  spots. 


.... .  , 
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aw  3 


Fam.  XXIII.— LATHRIDIIDAE. 

Mentum  large,  transverse ;  ligula  indistinct;  labial  palpi 
short,  with  two  or  three  joints;  second  joint  large,  rounded. 

Maxilla)  with  two  lobes;  palpi  4-jointed,  last  joint  large. 

Antennte  inserted  in  front  of  the  eyes  in  our  genera, 
9 — 11-jointed,  the  first  and  second  joints  thicker  than  the 
third,  the  outer  ones  enlarged. 

Front  with  clypeal  suture  distinct;  labrum  short,  covering 
the  small,  not  prominent  mandibles. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate;  prosternum 
more  or  less  visible  between  the  coxrie ;  coxal  cavities  entire ; 
mesosternum  separating  the  middle  coxae;  metasternum  mo- 
derate, side  pieces  narrow. 

Elytra  entirely  covering  the  abdomen. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  not  remarkably 
differing  in  length. 

Anterior  coxic  conical,  prominent,  more  or  less  separated ; 
middle  ones  separate,  rounded;  posterior  coxos  transverse, 
widely  separated. 

Legs  moderate ;  tibia)  slender,  without  terminal  spurs ; 
tarsi  3-jointed,  the  third  joint  equal  in  length  to  the  other 
two,  with  small  simple  claws. 

Insects  of  very  small  size,  found  flying  in  twilight,  and  also 
under  bark  and  stones;  they  are  of  graceful  form,  the  elytra 
being  usually  wider  than  the  thorax;  the  species  of  I3onvouloiria 
and  most  Latliridius  are  very  remarkably  sculptured,  with  elevated 
lines  on  the  thorax. 


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102 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NOUTU  AMKntCA. 


Mi 
*1 


The  gonus  Monotonia,  introduood  into  this  fiimily  by  ninny 
authors,  does  not  belong  to  it,  and  will  be  fiiuii<l  in  the  family 
Monotoiuidiu. 

I  have  also  excluded  from  the  family  Corlicaria  tnnvjiwht 
Miinn.,  wliich,  with  Cryptojihariua  maculahix  Mels.,  must  form  a 
new  genns,  Derodontus;  its  systematic  place  is  in  a  new  family. 

Our  genera  are  related  as  follows: — 

Anteniue  witli  a  distinct  2-joiiited  club  ;  labial  palpi  S-joiiitfil. 

lloI.drAKAMECtrs. 

Aiitt'iiii.T  with  the  outer  joints  enlarged  ;  labial  palpi  U-jninti-d  ; 
Antynn;c  gradually  thickened,  b'.st  joints  confused;*  thorax  wide. 

Bo.NVori.oiRiA. 
Antenna*  11-jointed  ;  club  3-jointed;  thor.ix  TiarroTrer  than  the  elytra; 
Thorax  strongly  margined;  second  joint  of  tarsi  not  shorter  tli."ii  the 

(Irst.  Lathhiuu-s. 

Thorax  not  margined  ;  second  joint  of  tarsi  shorter  tlian  the  first. 

CoKTICAUIA. 

To  Bonvouloiria  belong.s  the  Californian  LathHdiui'  parviceps 
Lec.f  A  species  of  Holoparaniecus  was  found  by  mo  at  Fort 
Yuma,  California.  The  other  two  genera  are  represented  on 
both  sides  of  the  continent. 


Fam.  XXIV.— othxiidae. 


i'  ^y- 


■m 


•bs 


Mentum  trapezoidal,  truncate  in  front;  ligula  corneous; 
palpi  cylindrical,  3jointed,  third  joint  longer  than  the  others. 

Maxillae  exposed  at  the  base  (lobes  not  seen);  palpi  4- 
jointed,  cylindrical,  last  joint  longer  than  the  others. 

Antennas  inserted  under  the  sides  of  the  front,  before  the 
eyes,  11-jointed,  first  joint  thicker  than  the  following,  third 
longer  than  the  first  and  second  together,  9 — 11  broader, 
forming  a  loosely  articulated  club. 

Head  large  and  flat,  sides  of  the  front  oblique  in  front  of 
the  eyes;  labrum  very  short,  closely  articulated  with  the 
front,  ciliate  anteriorly  ;  mandibles  short,  emarginate  at  tip ; 
eyes  large,  prominent,  finely  granulated. 

Prothorax  quadrate,  not  wider  than  the  bead,  feebly 
serrate  on  the  sides,  with  the  angles  rounded;  side  pieces 


*  Duval  describes  the  antennae  of  the  European  species  as  9-jointed ; 
those  of  the  American  species  appear  to  have  ten  joints. 
t  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Soi.,  vii.  304. 


OTIINUnAE. 


103 


not  distinct;  coxal  cavities  small,  roumleil,  confluent,  closed 
behind. 

Mesostcrnum  short,  narrow ;  aide  pieces  divided  by  au 
almost  longitudinal  suture, 

Rretasternum  moderate,  side  pieces  narrow. 

Elytra  elongate,  rounded  at  tip,  luuving  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen  uncovered;  scntellum  small,  trianguhir. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  slightly  dimi- 
nishing in  length. 

Coxa),  anterior  small,  conical,  prominent,  and  contiguous; 
middle  ones  rounded,  prominent,  slightly  separated  by  tlie 
mesosteriium ;  hind  ones  transverse,  not  prominent,  slightly 
separated,  extending  to  the  sides  of  the  body. 

Legs  slender;  tibia)  linear,  with  minute  terminal  spurs; 
tarsi  slender,  tolerably  long,  joints  diminishing  in  length, 
anterior  and  middle  5-jointed,  hind  ones  (of  the  male  only?) 
4-jointed ;  claws  simple. 

A  small  insect  (-22  unc.  long),  of  elongate  form  and  brownish- 
black  color,  with  slight  brassy  tinge,  coarsely  puneturtMl,  and 
irregularly  clothed  with  short  whitish  hairs,  presents  the  alxive 
assemblage  of  characters,  irreconcilable  with  any  family  known 
to  me.  The  pnnctuation  and  character  of  pubescence  resemble 
those  of  certain  species  of  Dasytini  from  California;  and  the 
prominent  anterior  and  middle  coxic  would  seem  to  give  wcitflit 
to  the  affinity  tluis  indicated.  But  the  anterior  cnxal  cavities  are 
completely  closed  behind,  and  arc  much  smaller  than  in  any  of 
the  families  of  Serricorn  Colcoptcra  allied  to  Pasytes.  The 
simple  structure  of  the  claws,  the  4-j()inted  hind  tarsi,  and  the 
entire  absence  of  a  visible  sixth  ventral  segment,  besides  many 
other  characters,  forbid  the  association  with  Pasytes.  There  is 
consequently  no  course  left  but  to  place  it  as  a  distinct  family,  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Cryptophagida?. 

I  found  under  decomposing  Opuntia  leaves,  at  San  Diego,  Cali- 
fornia, a  second  species  of  this  genus,  of  rather  broader  form, 
with  the  elytra  yellowish  testaceous,  variegated  with  small  black 
spots.  The  specimen  has  been  lost,  and  I  am  therefore  unable  to 
describe  it  more  closely.  If  rediscovered,  and  recognized  by  the 
notes  here  given,  it  may  be  called  Othnius  gultulatus. 

The  species  from  which  the  description  of  the  family  is  taken 
is  found  in  Nebraska,  near  the  Rocky  Mountains.  I  have  namcl 
it  Othnius  umbrosus.     The  flat  head  and  large  front  give  it 


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CULKOl'TKUA  OF  NOllTll  AMKllICA. 


Homcwiuit  the  outliiiu  of  certuin  Motiotomidii!,  espcciully  IMiyco- 
iiumtis. 


Fam.  XXV.— MYCETOPIIACiIDAE. 


'im 


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I; 


Montum  transverse,  trapezoidal ;  ligula  usually  corneous, 
witlidut  i)!iraj,'l()Hsiu ;  labial  palpi  8jniiit(!(l. 

Maxilla!  with  two  lobes,  ciliate  at  the  extremity;  maxillary 
palpi  4-joiiite(l. 

Eyes  tolerably  large,  transverse  or  rounded,  strongly  gran- 
ulated. 

Antenna)  inserted  immediately  in  front  of  the  eyes,  11- 
jointed,  the  outer  joints  gradually  or  suddenly  enlarged. 

Head  short;  frontal  suture  distinct  in  the  first  sub- family, 
wanting  in  the  second;  labrum  short,  covering  the  mandibles, 
which  are  short,  acute,  and  not  prominent. 

Prothorax  with  the  siilo  pieces  not  separate,  as  wide  as  the 
elytra  at  the  base;  anterior  coxal  cavities  open  behind  in  the 
first  snb-1'amily,  closed  in  the  second. 

Mesosternum  narrowly  sej)arating  the  middle  coxo9. 

Metasternum  moderate,  side  pieces  narrow. 

Elytra  entirely  covering  the  abdomen,  rounded  at  tip. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  and  equal  ventral  segments. 

Coxto,  anterior  oval,  rounded,  somewhat  prominent;  middle 
rounded;  posterior  transverse,  not  contiguous. 

Legs  slender;  tibiie  nearly  linear,  with  small  terminal 
spurs;  tarsi  filiform,  4-jointed  in  the  first  sub-family,  in 
which  the  anterior  ones  of  the  male  have  but  three  joints; 
lobed  beneath,  and  5-jointed,  with  the  fourth  joint  small,  in 
the  second  sub-family;  ungues  simple. 

The  insects  of  this  family  live  on  fungi  and  under  bark.  They 
are  oval,  rarely  elongate,  slightly  convex,  densely  punctured,  and 
hairy.     Many  have  the  elytra  handsomely  variegated  with  spots. 

Tarsi  filifonn,  4-jointeii. 
Tarsi  lobed  beneath,  5-joiuted. 


MycKT()PiiAoii);E. 

DirUMLUDJB. 


Sub-Family  I.— MYCETOPHAGIDAE  (gcnuini). 

The  species  of  this  sub-family  are  finely  punctured  insects, 
clothed  with  prostrate  hair.  The  anterior  coxal  cavities  are 
open ;  the  tarsi  are  4-jointed  and  fUiform,  the  anterior  pair  in  the 


I 


pi 


KEHMKHTIDAK. 


105 


nialo  liiiviiif^  Inif  lluvc  joints.     The  froatul  suture  is  always  dis- 
tinct, and  usually  drcp. 
Our  genera  ure  ; — 

Eyt'H  tinnsvorHf ; 

Aiitt'iiiiiii  ^;iailiiiilly  cnlfirKod  nxtcnmlly.  MvcKTopiiAiirB. 

AnttMin.i'  Willi  jdiiit.H  ',(--11  siiildi'iily  larger.  TkU'iiyi.lui). 

Eyus  ronndt'il ;  aiiteiniiu  with  Joints  !t— 11  siultlonly  largor; 

('ivpi-al  siituff  not  tli't'ply  iniiirossod.  LiTAUnra. 

Clyi)i!,il  stitiiit)  (Ict'i).  'I'vi'ii.KA. 

KyoH  loiindetl ;  antt'unie  with  Joints  10 — 11  suddenly  larger.      ]5i;ii(iiM's. 

Mycetophiif^us  and   liitarjifus  are  f^enerally  dill'iiscd;    'J'li/ifura 
fumnld  has  Itccn  iinpurtcd  l(y  cMjinnu'rce,  and  is  Inund  in  hmiscs; 
Trijilii/lliix  rKjironiiti  Mels.   i.s  iuuiid  in  the  Atlantic  district. 
Bcrgiuus  occurs  in  I'onusylvauiu. 

Sub-Family  II.— PirilYLLIDAE. 

This  sub-family  contains  a  very  small  number  of  species,  agree- 
ing in  form  with  those  of  the  preceding  sub-family,  but  coarsely 
jmnetured,  with  les8  fine  and  less  prostrate  })ubescenec.  The 
anterior  coxal  cavities  are  closed.  The  tarsi  are  r)-Jointed,  but 
the  fourth  j(Mnt  is  small,  and  the  third  prolonged  beneath,  form- 
ing a  memljranous  lobe. 

The  genus  Diphyllus  has  but  the  tenth  and  eleventh  joints  of 
the  antenmu  eidarged,  and  has  not  yet  occurred  in  our  fauna. 
Our  genera  have  the  club  of  the  antenna)  3-jointed,  and  are 
known  as  follows : — 

Thorax  without  elevated  lines.  Marointb. 

Thornx  with  two  fiuo  longitudinal  lines  near  the  sides.  Dii'Locasi.ua. 

The  last  joint  of  the  antennse  is  somewhat  narrower  than  the 
tenth  in  Marginus,  and  is  of  the  same  breadth  in  Diplocadus. 
They  are  each  represented  by  one  species  in  the  Atlantic  States. 
I  found  a  species  of  either  Diplococlus  or  Diphyllus  in  Arizona, 
but  the  specimen  has  been  lost. 


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Fam.  XXVI.— dermestidae. 

Mentum  quadrate,  usually  corneous ;  ligula  simple ;  palpi 
short,  3-jointed. 


..r^J^^:v>C3l 


lOG 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I 


it 


Maxilire  with  the  base  exposed,  with  two  lobes  of  variable 
form ;  palpi  small,  slender,  4-jointed. 

Antenna)  inserted  in  front  of  the  eyes,  usually  11-jointed, 
variable  in  Anthrenus,  9-jointed  in  Dearthrus,  and  10-jointed 
in  certain  foreign  ger  vTa,  with  the  last  three  joints  forming 
a  large  club. 

Head  small  deflexed;  epistoma  very  short,  coriaceous; 
labrum  distinct;  mandibles  short;  eyes  rounded,  front  usu- 
ally with  a  single  ocellus  or  simple  lens. 

Prothorax  short,  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate,  some- 
times excavated  beneath  for  the  reception  of  the  antennae; 
coxal  cavities  large,  transverse,  closed  behind  by  the  meso- 
sternum,  except  in  Byturus;  prostamum  prolonged  behind, 
except  in  Dermestes  and  Byturus,  ^.nd  usually  lobed  in  front. 

Mesosternum  prominent,  rounded  or  subacute  in  front  in 
Dermestes,  emarginate  in  the  others ;  side  pieces  attaining 
the  coxoo. 

Metasternum  short,  truncate  in  front ;  side  pieces  wide. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen,  not  striate;  epipleuraj  obso- 
lete behind. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments. 

Anterior  coxse  conical,  prominent,  with  small  trochantin ; 
middle  coxae  oval,  oblique,  excavated  externally,  with  large 
trochantin,  usually  distant;  posterior  slightly  separated, 
transverse,  not  extending  to  the  margin  of  the  body  (except 
in  Orphilus),  dilated  into  a  plate  partly  protectin,  he  thighs, 
which  is,  however,  almost  obsolete  in  Byturus. 

Legs  short,  somewhat  contractile ;  tibias  with  distinct  spurs ; 
tarsi  5-jointed,  joints  1 — 4  short,  usually  equal,  fifth  longer; 
claws  simple  in  the  second  sub-family,  toothed  in  Byturida?. 

This  family  comprises  small  oral  insects,  some  of  which  are 
found  on  dried  animal  remains,  others  only  on  plants.  Several  of 
them  are  very  destructive  to  furs  and  objects  of  natural  history. 

The  genera  indicate  two  sub-families : — 

Tarsi  with  second  smd  third  joints  lobed  beneath.  BTTcniniB. 

Tarsi  simple.  Dekmestid^. 


Sub-Family  I.— BYTFRIDAE. 

This  sub-family  consists  of  a  single  genus,  Byturus,  represented 
by  one  species  from  the  Atlantic  district  and  one  from  the  Pacific. 
It  departs  remarkably  from  the  next  sub-family  by  tlie  mandibles 
having  several  teeth,  by  the  tarsi  having  the  second  and  third 


DEUMESTIDAE. 


lOT 


joiuti?  prolonged  beneath  into  a  membranous  lobe,  and  the  fourth 
joint  small,  and  by  the  claws  being  armed  with  a  large  basal 
tooth;  the  plate  of  the  hind  coxie  is  very  feebly  developed.  The 
species  are  found  on  flowers.  They  are  small,  oval,  brown,  pu- 
bescent insects.  The  prosternum  is  not  lobod  in  front,  and  the 
coxal  cavities  are  narrowly  closed  behind,  and  not  completed,  as 
in  the  next  sub-family,  by  the  mesosternum. 

The  position  of  this  genus  is  much  disputed.  Erich.son  placed 
it  in  Melyridie,  with  which  it  seems  to  have  but  small  afl'inity; 
Duval  places  it  in  his  family  Telmatophilida?,  which  is  comi)oscd 
of  heterogeneous  elements,  having  no  relation  with  each  other; 
but  by  Redtenbacher  and  Lacordaire  it  is  considered  as  Ijclong- 
ing  here,  though  the  characters  seem  to  me  to  warrant  its  being 
considered  as  a  separate  sub-family.  The  Chilian  gcMuis  Dio- 
dontolobus  has  the  ungues  also  armed  with  a  tooth,  but  the  de- 
scription leaves  it  uncertain  whether  the  place  for  it  is  iu  this  or 
the  next  sub-family, 

Sub-Family  II.— DERMESTIDAE  (gcnuini). 

The  tarsi  are  not  lobed  beneath,  the  fourth  joint  is  scarcely 
smaller  than  the  third,  and  the  ungues  are  simple.  The  anteriur 
coxal  cavities  are  widely  open  behind,  and  are  completed  by  the 
mesosternum,  which  is  usually  protuberant.  The  prosternum 
generally  is  lobed  in  front. 

Four  groups  are  indicated : — 

No  frontal  ocellus.  Dermestes. 
Frontal  ocellus  distinct ; 

Middle  coxfe  not  very  distant ;  prosternal  fossas  obsolete.  Attage.vi. 
Middle  coxae  widely  separated  ; 

Mouth  protected  by  sternum.  AxTiiitExi. 

Mouth  protected  by  anterior  legs.  Okimiili. 


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:if: 


Group  I. — DermeBtes. 

The  single  genus  Dermestes  constitutes  this  group.  It  is  repre- 
sented in  every  part  of  our  territory  by  several  species.  The  head 
is  without  frontal  ocellus;  the  prosternum  is  not  lobed  in  front; 
the  cavities  for  the  reception  of  the  antenna)  arc  large,  and  placccl 
at  the  anterior  portion  of  the  sternum ;  it  is  not  prolonged  belli  ml 
the  coxte ;  the  mesosternum  is  acute  in  front,  and  protuljeraut,  so 


■■■«>■;•■■>•'  • . 


♦  ,. J  f-  •  ■■'.•■•.  Hi 

■  ■■•/■.  ^  -.i 


;■'. 


108 


COLEOPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


as  to  meet  the  prosternum ;  the  hind  coxae  do  not  attain  the  sides 
of  the  body.     The  species  live  on  dried  animal  matter. 

Group  II.— Attagenl. 

The  frontal  ocellus  is  distinct;  the  cavities  for  the  reception  of 
the  antennae  are  faint;  the  prosternum  is  prolonged  behind,  and 
its  point  enters  the  channelled  mesosternum,  which  is  protuberant 
in  Attagv.nus  meyatoma,  and  declivous  in  the  other  species,  but 
not  very  wide  ;  the  middle  coxiu  are  consequently  not  very  widely 
separated ;  the  hind  coxsb  almost  attain  the  sides  of  the  body. 
The  species  live  on  dried  animal  matter. 

Our  species  are  two,  and  in  neither  is  the  prosternum  lobcd : — 

Auttinuse  11-jointed;  first  joint  of  tarsi  short,  second  longer.  Attaoenus. 
AntenuiB  0-jointed  ;  first  joint  of  tarsi  longer  than  second.       Deaktukus. 

Dearthrus  is  founded  upon  a  small,  elongate,  finely  pubescent 
insect  from  the  Southern  and  Western  States ;  the  color  is  black ; 
the  legs  are  ferruginous.  Of  Attagenus  two  species,  A.  pcUio 
and  A.  megatoma,  have  been  introduced  from  Europe;  two  others 
are  found  in  New  Mexico. 


■ii*v€ 


Group  III. — Anthrenl. 

In  this  group  the  frontal  ocellus  is  distinct;  the  prosternum  is 
prolonged  behind,  and  fits  into  the  very  short  and  sometimes 
divided  mesosternum;  the  antennal  cavities  are  very  deep  and 
distinctly  limited  in  Anthrenus  and  Cryptorhopalum,  shallow  in 
Trogoderma,  and  badly  defined  in  Apsectus;  the  middle  coxae 
are  widely  separated  by  the  anterior  part  of  the  metasternum ; 
the  hind  coxae  do  not  attain  the  sides  of  the  body.  The  larvae 
of  most  of  the  species  feed  on  dried  animal  matter,  the  perfect 
insects  are  found  in  flowers. 

Our  genera  are  thus  separated : — 

Mesosternum  eraarginate  or  divided ;  prosternum  pointed  behind  ; 
Mandibles  and  labrum  not  covered  by  the  prosternum  ; 
Antennal  cavities  extending  along  the  margin ;  body  pubescent. 

TnuGODERHA. 

Mandibles  covered,  labrum  not  covered  ; 

Antennal  cavities  extending  along  the  margin  ;  body  pubescent. 

Ckyi'toruopalum. 
Antennal  cavities  at  the  anterior  angles ;  body  clothed  with  scales. 

Aktiikencs. 


BYRKIIIDAE. 


109 


Mesosternum  entire  ;  prosternuui  truncate  behind  ;  body  clothed  with  long 
erect  hairs.  Ai-skiti-s. 

The  number  of  joints  of  the  antennte  is  variable  in  Anthrenus. 
Apsectus  has  but  one  species,  found  in  the  Atlantic  States ;  one 
specimen  in  my  possession  was  hatchotl  from  a  tumor  on  a  stem 
of  lihioi  raiUvans.  The  other  genera  are  represented  on  both 
sides  of  the  continent.  The  antenme  of  the  males  of  certain  spe- 
cies of  Trogoderma  are  strongly  serrate. 

Group  IV.-OrphiH. 

This  group  consists  of  a  single  genus,  Orphilus,  of  which  one 
species  is  found  in  Europe,  one  in  the  Atlantic  district,  and  one 
in  California.  The  frontal  ocellus  is  distinct;  the  prosternum  is 
very  short,  not  lobed  in  front,  pointed  behind,  but  not  reaching 
the  mesosternura,  which  is  horizontal,  rounded  in  front,  and  sepa- 
rates widely  the  middle  coxie;  the  anterior  coxaj  are  very  large 
and  prominent,  and,  with  the  anterior  legs,  serve  to  protect  the 
under  surface  of  the  head;  the  antennal  cavities  are  deep,  but 
not  very  sharply  defined,  and  are  behind  the  middle  of  the  thorax ; 
the  hind  coxaj  extend  to  the  sides  of  the  body;  the  ventral  seg- 
■ments  gradually  diminish  in  length,  and  the  last  is  (juite  short. 

The  Atlantic  species.  0.  atcr  Er.,  is  dull  black,  somewhat 
coarsely  punctured;  the  Californian  one,  0.  subnilidm  Lcc,  is 
shining  black,  finely  punctured,  and  is  somewhat  larger  than  O. 
Oder.     They  are  found  on  flowors. 


mm- 


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■♦■•■;..■ 


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r:r. 


Fam.  XXVII.— BYRHHIDAE. 


Mentum  transverse  (except  in  Nosodendron),  corneous; 
ligula  usually  prominent,  simple. 

Maxillai  exposed  at  base,  with  two  unarmed  lobes. 

Antennae  rarely  10-,  usually  ll-jointed,  the  outer  joints 
forming  an  elongate  club  in  most  genera,  nearly  filiform  in 
Amphieyrta. 

Head  prominent  in  Nosodendron,  retracted  in  the  other 
genera,  with  the  parts  of  the  mouth  more  or  less  protected 
by  the  prosternum;  epistoma  usually  wanting,  sometimes 
short,  coriaceous,  sometimes  corneous;  labrurii  distinct; 
mandibles  short,  not  prominent. 


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110 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NOUTU  AMERICA. 


Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate ;  coxal  cavi- 
ties large,  transverse,  open  behind,  separated  by  the  pro- 
sternum,  which  is  short,  truncate  in  front,  slightly  prolonged 
behind,  fitting  into  the  mesosternum. 

Mesosternum  small,  prominent,  emarginate,  or  excavated; 
side  pieces  largely  attaining  the  coxae. 

Metasternum  short,  broad;  side  pieces  narrow;  epimera 
not  visible. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen;  epipleune  obsolete  behind. 

Abdomen  with  five  ventral  segments,  the  anterior  three 
subconnate  in  some  genera. 

Anterior  coxae  transverse,  not  prominent,  with  large  tro- 
chantin ;  middle  coxae  flat,  transverse,  oval,  with  large  tro- 
chantin;  posterior  coxaj  subcontiguous,  extending  to  the 
margin  of  the  body,  transverse,  dilated  into  a  plate  partly 
protecting  the  hind  thighs. 

Legs  short,  stout,  retractile ;  tibiae  dilated,  usually  sulcate 
externally  for  the  reception  of  the  tarsi ;  tibial  spurs  distinct; 
tarsi  short,  5jointed,  the  third  joint  frequently  prolonged 
into  a  membranous  lobe  beneath,  last  joint  nearly  £s  long  as 
the  others  united;  claws  simple. 

This  family  comprises  three  sub-families,  as  follows : — 


AntenniB  inserted  at  the  side  of  the  head ; 

Head  prominent,  mentuni  large. 

Head  retracted,  mentum  small. 
Anteuuae  inserted  on  the  front ;  head  retracted. 


NoSODENDRIDiB. 

BYKKHIDiB. 

CuELOKABim^. 


■i  ' 


•iSi': 


lit     ■  .  'ijyi* 
■-  ■  ■4^v>■■--*^^^    . 


Sub-Family  I.— NOSODENDRIPAE. 

But  a  single  genus,  Nosodenilron,  constitutes  this  sub-family. 
It  is  represented  in  Europe  by  one  species,  and  in  the  Atlantic 
States  l)y  another,  N.  unicolor  Say.  It  is  sufiicicntly  distin- 
gui.shed  by  the  large,  elongate,  semi-elliptical  mentum,  entirely 
closing  the  mouth  below,  leaving  only  a  very  narrow  portion  of 
the  raaxillie  to  fill  the  fissure  on  each  side ;  the  head  is  advanced ; 
the  antenna;  11-jointed,  situated  under  the  side  of  the  head;  the 
labrura  is  indistinct;  the  tarsi  not  lobed. 

The  insect  is  less  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch  long,  oval,  convex, 
black,  densely  punctured,  and  is  found  under  bark  of  trees. 


BYIIUUIDAE. 


Ill 


Sub-Family  II.— BYRRHIDAE  (gonuini). 

In  this  sub-family  the  head  is  retracted;  the  meiitiim  small, 
quadrate;  the  base  of  the  maxilla)  largely  exposed ;  the  labrum 
distinct;  the  anteinue  inserted  under  the  sides  of  the  head. 

I  would  arrange  these  genera  in  three  tribes : — 

Epistoma  short,  coriaceous  ;  antenna?  11-jointed.  AMPiiicYBTiiri. 

Epistoma  not  distinct ;  antenn*  ckivate,  U-jointed.  Ihmuii.Ni. 

Epidtoma  corneous,  separated  hy  a  line  suture ;  autenn*  lO-jointt-d. 

L1.MXICUIM. 

Tribe  I— AMPHICYRTIXI. 

Those  arc  distinguished  by  the  front  being  finely  margined,  and 
broadly  rounded  anteriorly,  leaving  a  short  coriaceous  epistoma, 
which  serves  as  the  base  of  the  labrum.  The  labrum  and  mandi- 
bles are  never  concealed.  The  legs  are  scarcely  contractile,  and 
the  antenna)  arc  half  the  length  of  the  body  in  Amphicyrta,  a 
genus  confined  to  the  Pacific  maritime  slope.  They  are  found 
under  stones,  and  arc  very  convex,  ovate,  smooth,  black  bronzed 
insects,  very  different  in  appearance  from  the  other  members  of 
the  family. 

Antenune  nearly  filiform  ;  third  tarsal  joint  lobed.  Ampiiicykta. 

Antennse  gradually  but  strongly  clavato  ; 

Tarsi  not  retractile.  Simpiocaria. 

Anterior  tarsi  retractile  (third  joint  of  tarsi  usually  lobed). 

Pedilophorcs. 

The  tarsi  of  Amphicyrta  are  stated  by  Erichson  to  be  not 
retractile ;  the  posterior  ones  are  in  effect  not  retractile  in  A. 
chrysomelina,  but  very  distinctly  so  in  A.  dentipes.  Erichson  has 
substituted  the  name  Morychus  for  Pedilophorus,  on  the  ground 
that  the  latter  is  not  applicable  to  some  of  the  species. 

Simplocaria  tesselata  Lee.  is  found  at  Lake  Superior;  all  the 
other  species  of  the  tribe  belong  to  the  Pacific  slope. 

Tribe  II.— BYKRHIIXI  (genuini). 

Oval  or  rounded,  very  convex,  dull  black  or  bronzed  insects, 
covered  with  a  fine,  easily  removed  pubescence,  forming  varied 
patterns. 

The  head  is  strongly  retracted,  and  the  antenna)  arc  always 


.  -v*  ,r;  • 


■  I 


.      ....  4«,      _-■ 


♦K- .■  (•■■•'  ■•I 


m 


112 


COLF.OI'TERA  OP  NOUTH  AMERICA. 


'I  \m 


clavate ;  the  lubrum  is  distinct,  and  fits  closely  to  the  front,  leav- 
ing no  epistoma. 

The  species  arc  found  under  stones ;  on  the  Pacific  coast  none 
have  occurred  south  of  Oregon. 

Mandibles  concealed  by  prosternum  in  repose,  labrum  visible  ; 

Anterior  tarsi  retractile.  CvTiLca. 

All  the  tarsi  retractile.  Byukhcs. 

Mandibles,  eyes,  and  labrum  concealed  in  repose.  Syncalypta. 

The  species  of  the  last  genus  have  on  the  upper  surface  long, 
clavate,  upright  bristles. 

I— Lim^ricHiNi. 

Very  small  spec"  s, .  jc.u  on  the  margin  of  watercourses,  where 
they  burrow  in  the  ground,  and  emerge  when  the  water  is  thrown 
on  the  banks.  A  i  ..  'vpeal  suture  divides  the  front,  but,  owing 
to  the  dense  punctuation,  i  j  frecju  »!•  ty  .  "arcely  visible ;  the  labrum 
is  distinct;  the  antenna),  inserted,  at  uie  sides  of  the  front,  arc 
only  10-jointcd,  and  the  three  outer  joints  form  a  club,  almost 
solid  in  Physenius,  feebly  defined  in  Limnichus.  The  head  is 
strongly  retracted  in  both  genera  ;  the  tarsi  are  free. 

Eyes,  labrum,  and  mandibles  concealed  in  repose,  Limnichus. 

Eyes,  labrum,  and  mandibles  free  ;  club  of  antennae  received  in  cavities  at 
the  anterior,  angles  of  the  thorax,  on  the  upper  surface.         PnYSBMUS. 

The  second  genus  is  represented  by  a  very  small  species  from 
the  Colorado  desert:  the  first  by  several  sijecies  in  the  Atlantic 
States. 


M§ 


Hi  I 


Sub-Family  III— CIIELONARIIDAE. 

This  sub-family  is  represented  in  our  fauna  by  a  single  species 
of  Chclonarium  {G.  Lecontei  Dej.  Cat.),  as  yet  undescribed,  and 
unknown  to  me.  The  tropical  species  are  found  on  leaves  of 
plants.  They  are  elongate,  oval,  moderately  convex  insects,  with 
the  thorax  strongly  margined  on  the  sides  and  front;  the  head 
retracted  flatly  upon  the  breast,  leaving,  however,  the  eyes,  man- 
dibles, and  labrum  visible;  the  antenna)  are  inserted  upon  the 
front,  closely  approximated,  11 -jointed,  filiform;  epistoma  not 
separate  from  the  front.     Legs  very  contractile;  tarsi  with  the 


OEORYSSIDAE 


11;] 


third  joint  lobcd  ;  claws  dilated  at  base.    Epiploura;  very  narrow, 
extending  to  tiie  apex,  grooved  to  fit  the  nuirgin  of  the  body. 

It  might  perhaps  be  properly  considered  as  a  distinct  family, 
but  its  atlinities  willi  the  JJyrrhidie  are  none  the  less  evident; 
though  it  is  a  transition  form  to  the  Ilclodida!,  below  described. 


Fam.  XXVIII.— GEORY  SSI  DAE. 

Mentum  quadrate,  corneous,  moderately  large;  ligula  co- 
riaceous, slightly  bilobed. 

MaxilUo  with  two  unarmed  lobes. 

AutennjB  inserted  under  the  sides  of  the  front,  near  the 
eyes,  9-jointed,  the  first  and  second  joints  thick,  the  last  three 
forming  an  oval  club. 

Ilead  defiexed ;  labrum  distinct ;  mandibles  small ;  eyes 
rounded,  lenses  large. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  distinct ;  prosternum 
membranous,  not  visible  between  the  coxii? ;  flanks  excavated 
for  the  reception  of  the  antennie. 

Mesosternum  short  and  wide,  perpendicularly  declivous  in 
front. 

Metasternum  moderately  large,  side  pieces  very  narrow. 

Elytra  entire,  descending  widely  on  the  flanks ;  epipleural 
fold  narrow,  extending  to  the  apex. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments. 

Anterior  coxre  prominent,  flattened  at  tip,  forming  two 
small,  subquadrate,  contiguous  plates,  with  a  dec^  lissure 
between  them,  in  which  is  concealed  tlie  prosternum  ;  middle 
coxae  oval,  distant;  posterior  transverse,  not  contiguous. 

Legs  short,  slender;  tarsi  filiform,  4-jointed,  the  first  joint 
longer  than  the  following  two;  claws  simple,  small. 

This  family  consists  of  but  one  genus,  Gcoryssns ;  of  it  several 
species  arc  found  in  Eurojie  and  Asia,  and  one  in  Kansas,  O. 
pusillus  Lee. 

They  are  small,  rounded,  convex,  roughly  sculptured,  black 
insects,  found  at  the  margin  of  streams,  on  wet  sand;  tiiey  cover 
themselves  with  a  mass  of  mud,  so  that  no  purl  of  the  insect  is 
visible. 


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114 


COLECH'TEUA  OF  XOIITII  AMEIIICA. 


Fam.  XXIX.— parnidae. 


I 


3i  i  l^i'i"ife<cx 


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n 


» 


Mentum  corneous,  trapezoidal,  or  emarginate  in  front; 
ligula  large,  not  lobeil. 

Maxilho  exposed  at  the  base,  with  two  unarmed  lobes. 

Antenna)  variable  in  form  and  position. 

Head  usually  retractile;  lubrum  distinct;  mandibles  small; 
eyes  rounded. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate;  eoxal  cavities 
widely  open  behind,  completed  by  the  mesosternum,  variable 
in  form;  prosternum  prolonged  behind  the  coxoe. 

Mesosternum  sometimes  excavated,  sometimes  emarginate; 
side  pieces  attaining  the  coxas. 

Metasternum  with  side  pieces  wide  or  narrow;  epimera 
(except  in  Psephenus)  not  visible. 

Elytra  entire;  epipleura)  narrow,  sometimes  extending  to 
the  apex. 

Abdomen  with  five,  in  Psephenus  with  seven  ventral  seg- 
ments, the  anterior  ones  connate. 

Anterior  coxa)  transverse,  with  large  trochantin,  or  rounded, 
without  trochantin;  middle  coxie  oval,  not  contiguous;  pos- 
terior coxa3  transverse,  dilated  into  a  plate  partly  protecting 
the  thighs,  and  contiguous  in  the  first  and  second  sub-fami- 
lies; distant  and  not  forming  a  plate  in  Elmidas. 

Legs  slender,  usually  long;  tibiiu  without  distinct  terminal 
spurs;  tarsi  5  jointed,  joints  1 — -i  short,  equal,  fifth  longer 
than  the  others  conjoined,  large,  with  large  simple  claws. 

A  family  containing  three  very  distinct  snb-farnilics,  and  show- 
inir  very  diverse  affniitics  not  only  with  the  preceding  and  following 
faniilies,  but  also,  by  the  form  of  the  antenna;  of  various  members, 
with  the  Gyrinido;,  and  with  some  families  of  the  Scrrieorn  series, 
especially  the  Ilelodidie  and  Dascyllidic;  a  more  distant  rela- 
tionship with  the  Donacia  tribe  of  the  Chrysomclida;,  by  the  form 
of  the  tarsi  of  Ha^monia,  has  also  been  pointed  out  by  Lacordairc. 

Abdomen  with  seven  ventral  segments  ;  anterior  coxae  with  very  large  tro- 
chantin. PSEPHENID^. 

Abdomen  with  five  ventral  segments  ; 
Anterior  coxte  transverse,  with  distinct  trochantin.  Paknidae. 

Anterior  coxaj  rounded,  without  trochantin.  Elmid^. 


PAIINIDAE. 


115 


Sub-Family  I.— rSEPITENTDAE. 

Tlic  only  moinhcr  of  this  sub-family  known  is  PttrpJienus  Le- 
conte.i  Ilakl.,  a  flattenoil,  blackisii,  finely  pubescent  insect,  with 
testaooous  legs,  fdurid  in  the  Midillo  Stales,  on  l)ushes  overhang- 
ing streams.  It  differs  rennirkal)ly  from  iho  other  mcmliers  of 
the  family;  but  the  other  two  sub-families  arc  also  distinguished 
by  S(j  many,  characters,  that  I  prefer  regarding  this  also  as  a 
sub-family,  to  placing  it  as  distinct. 

The  head  is  free,  not  retractile;  the  moutli  inferior;  the  max- 
illary palpi  very  long,  gradually  dilated,  the  last  joint  securiform; 
the  anterior  part  of  the  front  is  very  prominent,  and  the  upper 
face  concave ;  the  antennae  are  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  front, 
distant,  longer  than  the  head  and  thora.\,  serrate;  the  eyes  are 
large,  convex,  finely  granulated.  The  anterior  coxic  are  large 
and  globular,  the  coxal  cavities  prolonged  externally,  showing  a 
very  large  trochantin;  the  prosternum  is  carinate,  and  its  poste- 
rior process  is  long  and  narrow;  the  mesosternum  oblique,  chan- 
nelled  ;  the  side  jjieces  of  the  rnetasternum  are  wide,  and  the 
oi»imera  visible  ;  the  posterior  coxie  dilated  into  a  plate  ;  the 
(^pipleurte  are  narrow,  and  continue  to  the  apex;  the  abdomea 
lias  seven  ventral  segments,  the  first  and  second  connate,  the  fifth 
broadly  emarginate,  the  sixth  deeply  bilobed,  only  visible  around 
the  emargination  of  the  fifth,  seventh  rounded,  entire,  filling  the 
cinarginatiuu  of  the  sixth.  The  body  is  clothed  with  the  same 
line  pubescence  that  characterizes  the  other  sub-families,  enabling 
a  film  of  air  to  be  preserved  l)eneath  the  water. 

The  larva  is  an  elliptical  object,  with  the  margins  widely  ex- 
tended beyond  the  body,  and  is  seen  on  stones  umler  the  water  of 
rapid  streams;  it  is  especially  abundant  in  the  rapids  of  Niagara, 
and  differs  in  no  important  particular  from  the  larva  of  llelichus, 
of  the  next  sub-family.     It  respires  by  branchial  filaments. 


Sub-Family  II.— PARNIDAE  (gcnuini). 

The  anterior  coxa?  are  transverse,  with  a  distinct  trochantin ; 
the  posterior  coxa;  dilated  into  a  plate ;  the  abdomen  has  five 
ventral  segments,  the  fifth  rounded  at  the  tip;  the  front  is  not 
prominent,  as  in  IVseplienidie,  and  the  oral  organs  arc  anterior; 


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COLEdl'TEIlA  OF  NORTH  AMKIUr.V. 


tlio  palpi  arc  short.     The  oUrt  duiracters  arc  still  variable,  and 
will  furnish  occasion  for  the  division  into  tribes. 

Ileuil  not  entirely  retractile  ;  prosternuni  not  IoIumI  in  front  ;  antenna)  ser- 
rate, with  the  lirst  and  .second  joints  not  enlarged.  Laui.m. 

Head  retrantilo,  protected  by  a  prosterual  lobe ;  antenna^  short,  lirst  and 
second  joints  enlarged.  I'AiiNiM. 

Tribe  I.— LARINI. 

The  only  representative  known  to  me  is  Lara  avara  Lee,  from 
California,  an  elongate,  blackish  insect,  finely  pubescent,  with  the 
elytra  punctured  in  rows,  impressed  behind  the  base,  and  the 
thora.x  stron/^ly  narrowed  in  front,  somewhat  uneven  ;  the  antennie 
are  distant  from  each  other,  and  what  remains  of  them  indicates 
them  to  be  serrate,  and  not  irregular  or  short;  the  clypeal  suture 
is  distinct;  the  head  is  not  protected  beneath  by  a  lobe  of  the 
prosternuni ;  the  anterior  coxie  are  somewhat  prominent,  the  tro- 
chantin  large,  free,  and  very  distinct;  the  prosternal  process  is 
narrow;  the  mesostcTnura  is  prominent,  deeply  excavated;  the 
middle  coxse  are  widely  separated,  and  have  distinct  trochantin ; 
the  side  pieces  of  the  metathorax  are  narrow,  the  epimera  slightly 
visible  behind;  the  epipleura)  are  narrow,  and  continue  to  the 
apex. 

Tribe  II.— PARXIXI. 

The  head  is  capable  of  being  retracted,  and  is  then  protected 
beneath  1)y  the  prosternuni,  which  is  lobed  in  front ;  the  antenna? 
are  inserted  on  the  front,  distant  and  free  at  the  margin  of  the 
eyes  in  Lutroehus,  approximate  and  at  the  inner  extremity  of 
transverse  grooves,  and  remote  from  the  eyes,  in  the  other  two 
genera;  they  are  short,  11-jointed,  and  more  or  less  irregular  in 
form.  The  anterior  coxa;  are  not  prominent,  the  trochantin  small, 
connate  with  sternum ;  the  prosternal  process  is  wide ;  the  meso- 
sternum  broad,  emarginate,  the  middle  coxic  with  trochantin ;  the 
side  pieces  of  the  metathorax  wide,  with  the  epimera  not  visible, 
except  in  Lutroehus,  where  they  are  narrow,  with  small  epimera. 
The  epipleura)  are  narrow,  and  variable  in  form ;  they  are  sud- 
denly lobed  in  front,  and  extend  to  the  apex  in  Lutroehus;  they 
are  not  suddenly  lobed,  but  extend  to  the  apex,  in  Pelonomus ; 
while  in  Ilelichus  they  are  not  lobed,  and  extend  much  less  dis- 
tinctly to  the  apex. 


HKTEHOCKUIDAE. 


117 


Li'Tiiocuua. 


Hoily  romidtHl  ;  antenna?  diHtant,  club  slender. 
Body  oblong,  elongate  ; 
Auteuniu  approximate,  second  joint  moderate,  club  pectinate. 

rELONDMUS. 

Anttiuuffi  diistaut,  second  joint  much  dilated,  club  lamellate.  IIeliliii'u. 

Lulrochua  lutcns  is  found  in  Texas;  Pclonomus  obscurua  in 
tlie  Soulheni  and  Western  Stutes ;  llelicliUH  is  widely  distributed, 
and  is  I'nuiid  elinii;inj^  to  stones  underwater,  in  rapid  streams; 
I  lie  other  two  genera  are  found  ut  the  unirgiu  of  slreatus,  under 
stouus,  «!^c. 

Sub-Family  III.— ELMIDAE. 

The  anterior  coxic  are  rounded,  witliout  troehantin;  the  abdo- 
men has  iivo  ventral  segments,  the  lifth  rounded  at  tip;  the  front 
is  not  prominent;  the  palpi  are  short;  the  antenna)  inserted  upon 
the  front,  near  the  eyes,  slender,  slightly  thickened  externally ; 
middle  eoxiu  widely  distant;  posterior  coxas  separated,  transverse, 
not  dilated  into  a  plate  protecting  the  thighs;  legs  exceedingly 
long;  side  pieces  of  the  melathorax  narrow,  epimera  not  visible; 
epipleurie  narrow,  extending  to  the  apex. 

These  insects  are  oidy  found  adhering  to  stones  or  plants  be- 
neath the  surface  of  the  water;  the  larvie  are  similar  in  form  to 
those  of  the  other  sub-families,  except  that  the  segments  are  not 
united  to  the  margin,  whicli  thus  appears  incised. 

Head  protected  beneath  by  a  lobe  of  the  proateruum ; 
Antenna'  ll-jointed; 
Anterior  tibiie  pubescent  internally.  LiMNirs. 

Anterior  tibiae  glabrous  internally.  Stesklmis. 

Antenme  G-jointed.  Machos  vcuua. 

liead  free  ;  proateruum  not  lobed  beueatU  ;  antemise  11-joiuted. 

A.NCYUOSYX. 

No  species  of  this  sub-family  lias  occurred  in  our  fauna,  except 
in  the  Atlantic  district. 


Fam.  XXX.— heteroceridae. 

Mentum  large,  oblong,  deeply  emarginate  in  front;  ligula 
coriaceous,  prominent,  bilobed,  without  paraglossai ;  palpi 
iJ  jointed,  moderately  long. 


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('iil.KoITKKA   (IF   NoUTIl   AMrUIiA. 


^raxill.'o  exposed  at  llic  base,  wliieli  if  cldngatcd;  lobes  two, 
coriaceous,  nut  armed,  but  si)ar.sely  eiliate;  judpi  4  jointed, 
short. 

Atitenna^  inserted  nt  the  iiiteriml  iiiar<.nn  of  tlie  eyes,  but 
in  I'ront,  short,  11-jointed,  joinla  u — 11  lorining  iu\  oblong 
serrate  elub. 

Head  largo;  eyes  rounded,  fmely  fjranulatid;  front  promi- 
nent; lal)rutn  largo,  rounded,  ciliato  over  its  whole  surliiec, 
inandil)les  stout,  prominent,  I'ringed  inlernally  with  a  cilialo 
niend)rane,  and  furnished  externally  with  a  strong  carina. 

I'rolliorax  transverse,  with  rounded  angles,  side  jiieees  nnt 
separate;  pri)8ternuni  lobed  in  front,  acute  behinil;  anterior 
coxal  cavities  widely  open  behind. 

Mesosternuin  very  .short,  deeply  cmarginatc;  side  pieces 
sm.'dl,  diagonally  dividtul. 

Metasternum  moderate,  meeting  the  first  ventral  sogmeut; 
side  jnecos  wide. 

Elytra  entirely  covering  the  abdomen. 

Al)domen  coinpt)sed  of  (ivo  nearly  eijual  ventral  segment.*", 
the  fifth  only  being  movable,  the  others  connate;  the  first 
marked  each  side  with  an  elevated  curved  lino  reaching  the 
posterior  margin.* 

Coxie,  anterior  oval,  transverse,  with  a  distinct  troohantin  ; 
middle  ones  rounded,  angulated  externally,  separated  by  the 
anterior  i)art  of  tho  metasternum  ;  hind  ones  transverse, 
nearly  contiguous. 

Legs  stout;  tibiaj  dilated,  armed  with  rows  of  spines,  and 
fitted  for  digging;  tarsi  4-j()inted,  second  and  third  joints 
shorter  than  tho  others,  not  lobed  beneath,  but  fringed  with 
long  hairs ;  claws  simple. 

This  fanfily  consists  of  hut  a  shigle  gonus,  Iletcroccruf? ;  it  is 
rei>resentod  in  every  portion  of  our  territory.  Tlio  species  are 
nunicrous,  but  arc  very  similar  in  form  and  color,  so  that  care 
is  necessary  in  distinguishing  tiiom.  Tlioy  ore  ohlong  or  suh- 
clonguto,  oval,  densely  clothed  with  short  silky  pubescence,  very 
Oucly  punctuate,  and  of  a  brown  color,  with  the  elytra  usually 
variegated  with  undulated  bauds  or  spots  of  a  yellow  color. 
They  live  in  galleries  which  they  excavate  in  sand  or  nuul  at  the 
margin  of  bodies  of  water,  and,  when  disturbed,  run  from  their 
galleries  and  take  flight,  after  tho  mauuer  of  certain  species  of 
Bcmbidiura. 

*  This  eli>vato(l  line  is  finoly  striate  trnnsvprsely.  mid  is  n,  stnMnlating 
organ  ;  tho  Liiul  legs,  by  friction  against  it,  produce  a  quite  diotiuot  sound. 


iho 


LL'OANIDAE. 


no 


Fam.  xxxr.— i.ucaxidae. 

Mcntum  largo,  corneous,  ([nadrntc,  rarol y  (Pnsanlus)  deeply 
eiiiiirgiiiato;  ligiihi  u.sually  placvid  Ixdiiiid  the  iiioiituin. 

Muxilliii  usually  covcihmI,  with  two  lohus,  tlio  inner  one 
usually,  the  outer  one  .sonietinies,  with  a  fixed  corneous 
terminal  hook. 

Maiidil)Ie,s  frefiucntly  very  largo. 

Labruni  f're(iuently  coiiniito  with  the  cpiatoma;  clypcnl 
suture  wanting. 

Antenna)  inserted  under  tho  margin  of  the  front,  before 
the  eyes,  usually  geniculate,  lOjoiuled;  the  first  joint  very 
long  in  the  first  tribe,  moderate  in  the  .second;  the  outer  ones 
prolonged  internally,  ibrrning  a  pectinate  club,  the  joints  of 
which  cannot  bo  brought  closely  together. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate;  coxal  cavities 
separated  by  tho  prosternuni,  transverse,  closed  behind. 

Mesosternum  short,  separating  the  coxic;  side  pieces  huge, 
diagonally  divided;  epiniera  attaining  the  coxrc. 

liletasternutn  large,  closely  connate  with  the  mesosternum 
in  front,  receiving  the  apex  of  tho  ]lrst  ventral  segment  in  a 
minute  cmargination  behind;  side  pieces  narrow;  e])iraera 
nearly  concealed  by  the  elytra. 

Klytra  rounded  at  tip,  covering  the  abdomen. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  venlial  st'gnieiits;  the  sixth  (in- 
ternal) slightly  prominent  in  rialycerus;  spiracles  situated 
in  the  membrane  between  ventral  and  dorsal  segments,  but 
different  in  position  in  the  two  tribes;  in  Lucaniru  they  are 
at  the  bottom  of  the  lateral  concavity  of  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  abdomen ;  in  Pasaalini  they  are  situated  on  the  crest 
of  the  margin. 

Leg3  fossorial ;  anterior  coxre  large,  transverse,  not  promi- 
nent, without  trochantins;  middle  cox;o  usually  transverse, 
sometimes  nearly  rounded;  posterior  coxa>  transverse,  flat; 
trochanters  not  prominent  internally ;  anterior  tibiio  more  or 
less  toothed  externally,  frequently  ))almate,  with  one  terminal 
spur;  middle  and  posterior  tibia)  with  two  external  teeth, 
terminal  dilatation,  and  two  spurs;  tarsi  slender,  5-jointed, 
last  joint  long;  claws  simple,  with  a  short  intermediate  ony- 
chium  bearing  two  bristles. 

The  in.sects  of  this  family  live  on  tho  juipos  of  decomposing 
wood,  and  are  very  closely  allied  to  the  Scarabieida) ;  the  priu- 


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COLEOPTKUA  OF  NORTH  AMKIIICA. 


m 


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cipiil  (listiiipuishiiiij^  chtirju'tor  is  that  tlie  outer  joints  of  tlie  an- 
teiiiui',  tli(iiiji-li  sDiiu'wlmt  lauirllato,  ounuot  be  placed  closely  so 
as  to  form  a  coini)act  club.  lu  the  position  of  tiie  abdoiuiual 
spiracles  the  tribe  Lucaiiiui  reseiubles  the  first  sub-family  of  the 
i^canibii'ida',  in  which  alone  occur  tribes  with  the  ])ygi(lium  en- 
tirely covered  by  (he  elytra,  as  in  the  present  family.  In  fact, 
for  a  distinguishing  character  from  some  of  the  trii»es,  reliance 
must  be  had  on  the  large  size  of  the  mentum,  and  the  form  of  the 
antennal  dub. 

They  form  two  tribes,  distinguished  by  the  form  of  the  mentum 
and  position  of  the  ligida.  Those  portions  of  the  body  in  the 
second  tril)e  recall  strikingly  the  form  alreatly  seen  in  the  Cara- 
bulie,  with  which,  however,  the  insects  have  no  other  reseiid)lance. 

Jlt'iituiu  entire,  ligiila  liehind  or  at  the  .ipex  of  the  mentum.      Lucanini. 
Mentuui  Joi'iily  ciuarginati',  ligula  tilling  the  emarginatiou.       1'a8SAl,ini. 

Tribe  I.— L,IX'A!¥IXI. 

Ligula  membranous  or  coriaceous,  usually  behind  the  mentum, 
which  is  entire;  mandibles  without  a  basal  molar  tooth,  usually 
elongated  in  the  males;  extermvl  lobe  of  the  nuixilhy  unarmed, 
penicillate ;  labrnm  connate  in  the  first  sub-tribe,  free  in  the  other 
two;  scutellum  between  the  elytra;  middle  eoxuj  somewhat  trans- 
verse. 

The  species  are  usually  large  oblong  insects,  glabrous  above, 
sometimes  cylindrical. 

Sub-tribes,  all  having  the  thorax  not  closely  applied  to  the 
elytra,  are  represented  in  our  *""una  as  follows : — 

Ligula  and  maxillie  covered  by  the  mentum  ; 

Anterior  coxa?  ainiroxiuiate  ;  antenna^  geniculate.  Litcanini. 

Anterior  eox;e  contiguous;  antennae  straight.  CiiUUt'iiiNi. 

Ligula  aud  maxiUa>  not  covered  ;  antennas  straight.  Sinodkndrim. 

Sub-Tribe  1. — Lucanilli  (genuini). 

The  typical  genus  is  represented  by  three  large  species  from 
the  Atlantic  States,  one  of  which  (L.  elaphus),  by  the  very  long 
mandibles  of  the  male,  resembles  the  stag-beetle  of  Europe  and 
one  from  New  Mexico.  Of  Porcus  two  species  are  found  in  the 
Atlantic  State •;;  of  Platycerus  we  have  two  eastern  species,  and 
two  from  Califoruid  aud  Orv^jOU.  The  genera  are  thus  distiu- 
guished : — 


SCAnAniT-IDAE. 


121 


Eycrt  Htrongij  t'lrnrginatod  by  tlio  uiargin  of  tlie  head  ; 

Laliriuii  suliti'iiiiigulai',  luuiuieil  in  fruiit. 

Lahruin  viiry  sliort,  broad,  truncuto,  or  emargiiiato. 
Eyos  almost  outiro  ;  sixtli  ventral  segment  visible. 


LUCAMIH. 

DdiiCUH. 

I'LATYCKUL'H. 


Sul)-Tribo  2.-C;cruclliiii. 

One  j^enus  irt  reproseiitod  in  oiir  fauna,  Ccnu'lms,  of  cylindriial 
form,  willi  llie  lioiul  and  niundiblos  of  the  niiilo  (jnlarficd.  Tlnic 
are  two  species,  C.  piacus  from  tliu  Atlantic,  C.  driuluti  fmm 
Oregon. 

Sub-Tribe  3.— Sinodendrini. 

This  Rub-tribe  consists  of  but  n  sinj:!:le  f^enus,  Sinodendron,  of 
oylindrical  form;  tlio  male  has  the  head  armed  with  a  long  liorn, 
and  tlie  anterior  part  of  the  thorax  suddenly  declivous;  tlie  man- 
dibles are  sliort  in  both  sexes ;  tlie  eyes  are  not  emarginate ;  the 
niaxillas  and  ligula  are  not  concealed  by  tlie  mentum. 

(S.  ri((josum  Mannh.  inhabits  California  and  Oregon.  A  species, 
S.  aviericanum,  is  described  by  Beauvois,  from  Atlantic  America, 
but  is  uukuowu  to  me. 

Tribe  II.— PASSALINI. 

Ligula  large,  corneous,  filling  a  quadrate  emargination  of  the 
mentum ;  antemue  straight,  first  joint  of  moderate  length  ;  man- 
dibles with  a  basal  molar  tooth,  and  an  anterior  movable  one ; 
maxilkc  with  both  lobes  hooked ;  labrum  movable ;  scutellum  in 
front  of  the  base  of  the  elytra ;  middle  coxoc  nearly  glol)ular. 

Tl.is  tribe  contains  but  a  single  genus,  of  which  many  species 
exist  in  the  warmer  parts  of  the  eartli ;  it  is  represented  in  our 
fauna  by  but  one,  Pansalus  cornutus,  an  elongate,  somewhat  flat- 
tened, shining  beetle,  of  largo  size,  having  the  head  armed  with 
a  short  bent  hook,  and  the  elytra  deeply  striate.  It  is  quite 
frequently  seen  in  old  stumps  of  trees. 


Fam.  XXXII.— SCARAB.EIDAE 


Parts  of  the  mouth  variable  in  form. 

Antennae  inserted  under  the  sides  of  the  front,  before  the 
eyes,  7-  to  11-joiuted,  usually  10-jointed,  the  external  joints, 
usually  three  in  number  (sometimes  as  many  as  seven),  pro- 


I! 


i&i 


122 


COLEOPTErtA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


longed  internally,  forming  a  club  of  ]amella3,  which  may  be 
brought  close  together;  first  joint  always  elongated,  second 
thicker  than  the  following. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate;  anterior  coxal 
cavities  transverse,  very  large,  closed  behind. 

Mesosternum  short,  frequently  very  narrow;  side  pieces 
attaining  the  coxa?,  except  in  Trogini. 

Motasternurn  large;  side  pieces  variable  in  form. 

Abdomen  with  six,  rarely  five,  ventral  segments. 

Legs  fossorial;  anterior  coxae  large,  transverse,  sometimes 
subconical  and  prominent,  sometimes  not  prominent ;  middle 
coxae  large,  transverse,  not  prominent;  posterior  coxas  flat, 
transverse;  anterior  tibiae  palmate,  toothed,  with  a  single 
terminal  spur;  middle  and  posterior  tibias  variable  in  form, 
with  two  spurs,  except  in  Coprini,  where  there  is  but  a  single 
one;  tarsi  ojointed,  the  anterior  ones  sometimes  wanting; 
claws  generally  equal,  rarely  wanting,  usually  with  an  inter- 
mediate bisetose  onychium. 

A  very  large  and  distinctly  limited  family  of  insects,  the  mem- 
bers of  which  exhibit  great  variations  in  llie  form  and  arrangement 
of  the  various  organs  of  the  body,  while  preserving  a  character- 
istic appearance,  and,  conjoined  with  it,  the  lamellate  antennal 
club  and  the  fossorial  legs. 

For  reasons  mentioned  in  the  prefatory  remarks  to  my  synopsis 
of  the  Melolonthidaj  of  the  United  States,*  I  prefer  dividing  the 
family  into  three  sub-families,  accordhig  to  the  position  of  the 
abdominal  spiracles.  Eriehson  and  Lacordaire  establish  but  two 
sul)-families,  while  Burmeister  arranges  the  genera  in  a  totally 
diU'erent  manner. 

I.  Abdominal  spiracles  situated  in  the  membrane  connecting  the  dorsal 
and  ventral  corneous  plates,  the  last  one  covered  by  the  elytra. 
Ligula  always  separate  from  the  mentnm ;  (larvoe  with  the  lubes  of 
the  maxilhc  separate).  LAPAaosTirTi. 

II.  Abdominal  spiracles  in  part  situated  on  the  superior  portions  of  tho 
ventral  segments,  the  last  one  usually  visible  behind  the  elytra  ;  tho 
rows  of  spiracles  feebly  diverging.  Ligula  sometimes  free,  usually 
connate  witli  the  mentum.  MKLDLoJcrnin.'K. 

III.  Abdominal  spiracles  (except  the  anterior  ones)  situated  in  tho  dorsal 
portion  of  the  ventral  segments,  forming  rows  which  diverge  strongly ; 
last  spiracle  usually  visible  behind  the  elytra.  Ligula  always  connate 
with  the  meutum  ;  (larvse  with  the  lobes  of  the  maxilhe  connate). 

Pleuuosticii. 


*  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sol.,  2d  ser.,  iii.  225. 


SCARABiEIDAE. 


123 


Sub-Family  I.— SCARAB.EIDAE  LAPAROSTICTI. 

Besides  the  characters  given  by  the  position  of  the  abdominal 
spiracles  in  the  membrane  connecting  the  ventral  and  dorsal  seg- 
ments, and  the  ligula  separate  from  the  mcntnm,  these  insects,  or 
at  least  a  portion  of  them,  exhibit  characters  not  found  in  the 
other  families. 

In  many  of  them  the  upper  surface  of  the  head  is  much  dilated 
on  the  front  and  sides  (l)ut  never  reflcxed,  as  in  most  Mclolon- 
thida;) ;  the  clypeal  suture  is  distinct,  and  ascends  towards  the 
vertex,  forming  an  angle;  the  mandibles  are  usually  thin  jjlates, 
frequently  membranous,  small,  and  invisible,  except  on  dissection  ; 
sometimes,  however  (Gcotrupes,  &c.),  they  are  well  developed. 
In  some  of  the  genera  the  antenna;  are  11-jointcd.  The  club  of 
the  antennic  consists  of  l)ut  three  joints,  oxcej)t  in  Pleocoma,  and 
in  some  the  first  joint  of  the  club  is  hollowed  out  so  as  to  receive 
the  second  or  even  the  last  joint.  The  tarsi  are  armed  with  siniph; 
claws  in  all  of  our  genera,  except  Phanteus,  where  the  claws  arc 
wanting;  in  some  genera  of  Coprini  the  anterior  tarsi  arc  want- 
ing. The  usual  bisetosc  onychium  is  wanting  in  Acanthocerini, 
Trogini,  Aphodiini,  and  some  Coprini. 

The  arrangement  of  this  sub-family  is  adopted  nearly  as  in 
Laeordaire's  work,  with  the  exception  of  the  removal  of  the  trilxi 
(jrlaphyrini  to  the  next  sub-family,  and  the  establishment  of  two 
new  tribes. 

The  species  all  live  on  decomposing  animal  matter,  and  raoit 
of  them  in  excrements. 

The  tribes  are  as  follows : — 


Abclomen  with  six  visible  ventral  segments ; 

Antennic  9-  or  lO-joiuted  (club  always  3-jointed) ; 
Posterior  til)i;e  with  a  single  spur. 
Posterior  til)i;E  witli  two  s])urs  ; 
Side  pieces  of  nietathorax  simple  ; 
Antenna;  O-jdinted. 
Antenn;e  10-jointed. 
Epimera  of  raetathorax  visible. 
Antennas  11-jointed  ; 
Club  3-jointed,  mandibles  and  labrnm  prominent. 
Club  many-leaved,  mandibles  and  labrnm  small. 
Abdomen  with  five  visible  ventral  segments  ; 

Epimera  of  luosothorax  attaiuiug  the  oblii|Ue  cosib  ; 


CoPEiJfi. 


ArnoDiiNT. 

OlUMIM.M. 

Hyuosouim. 

CiKOTKri'IM. 
ri,f,llCO.MI.M. 


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124 


COLEOPTEttA  OP  NORTU  AMEUICA. 


Body  contractile,  legs  broad.  AcASTnocERiNi. 

Body  not  contractile,  legs  normal.  Nicaoini. 

Epimera  of  mesothorax  not  attaining  the  rounded  coxie.  Tkooini. 


Tribe  I.— COPRI]¥I. 

These  insects  are  of  rounded  form,  and  live  almost  exclusively 
in  excrements.  The  clypeus  is  expanded  so  as  to  cover  entirely 
the  oral  organs;  the  lobes  of  the  maxilla)  are  largo,  ciliated,  and 
of  a  membranous  or  coriaceous  structure ;  mandibles  lamelliform, 
principally  membranous,  with  only  the  outer  margin  corneous ;  the 
mcntum  is  emarginate;  antennte  8-  or  9-jointed,  club  3-juintcd; 
epimera  of  raetatliorax  covered;  mesosternum  very  short;  middle 
coxas  oblique,  widely  separated  ;  posterior  tibiie  with  a  single 
terminal  spur;  tarsi  usually  without  the  bisetose  onychium;  ely- 
tra subtruncate,  leaving  the  pygidium  exposed ;  ventral  segmcuta 
six,  all  connate. 

It  is  in  this  tribe  alone  that  species  occur  in  which  the  anterior 
tarsi  are  wanting  in  the  females,  or  in  both  sexes;  the  claws  of 
the  tarsi  are  also  sometimes  wanting.  Organs  of  stridulatiun  are 
found  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  abdomen  of  certain  species. 

According  to  the  form  of  the  posterior  tibia3,  two  sub-tribes 
are  indicated : — 

Middle  and  posterior  tibife  slender,  scarcely  enlarged.  ATEUcniNi. 

Middle  and  posterior  tibiae  dilated  at  the  extremity.  C'orKim. 

Sub-Tribe  1.— Ateiicliiiii. 

These  species  deposit  their  eggs  in  balls  which  they  construct 
of  the  materials  on  which  they  live,  and  roll  these  balls  to  a  con- 
siderable distance,  a  labor  for  which  their  long,  slender,  and 
slightly  curved  posterior  tibiae  fit  them.  The  head  and  thorax 
never  bear  horns,  and  the  sexes  are  alike  in  ajjpearance,  except 
in  DoUavhilum  (jibbosum,  where  the  elytra  of  the  male  are  each 
armed  with  a  large  dorsal  tubercle.  The  anterior  coxie  are 
slightly  prominent  internally.  The  onychium  between  the  claws 
is  wanting. 

Our  genera  are  but  two  in  number,  and  each  represents  a  sepa- 
rate group  of  this  sub-tribe ;  the  groups  of  genuine  Ateuchi  and 
Minthophili  not  occurring  in  our  fauna. 

Epipleurao  of  the  elytra  narrow,  or  wanting  ;  anterior  tarsi  distinct. 

Group  I.  GYilXOPLEURI. 


SCARABiEIDAE. 


125 


CAsTnox. 


EpipleursB  distinct,  narrow  ;  scutoUum  none. 
EiMpleiiiu'  of  the  elytra  wide  ;  anterior  tarsi  wanting. 

Group  II.  DELTOnilLA. 
Anterior  tibiae  not  prolonged  at  the  extremity.  l)ELTociiii.r.M. 

Sub-Tribe  2. — Coprini  (genuini). 

The  gradually  thickened  middle  and  hind  tibisc  unfit  these  in- 
sects for  transporting  the  balls  of  material  whith  sitvc  for  the 
food  of  the  larva);  though  some  of  the  species  do  construct  balls, 
they  bnry  them  in  the  place  where  they  are  formed.  The  sexual 
differences  are  frequently  strongly  marked,  the  male  having  horns 
on  the  head  or  thorax.  The  epipleura}  are  always  narrow,  and 
the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  elongated.  Tlie  anterior  tarsi  are 
wanting  in  some  species  of  Phaua^us,  and  the  claws  arc  all  want- 
ing in  the  same  genus. 

The  following  groups  are  represented  in  our  fauna : — 

Third  joint  of  labial  palpi  distinct ; 

Anterior  cos;e  very  transverse,  not  prominent.  Scatonomi. 
Anterior  coxoe  short,  prominent ; 

Labiiil  palpi  dilated.  Copkes. 

Labial  palpi  subfiliform.  Oxni:s. 

Third  joint  of  labial  palpi  obsolete.  O.VTnopuAiii. 

Group  I.— Scatonomi. 

Our  only  representative  of  this  group  is  ChcericUum  capMra- 
tum,  a  moderately  small,  convex,  shining,  bronzed  black  insect, 
resembling  a  Ilisteride,  with  finely  striate  elytra,  found  in  dung. 
The  3-joiuted  labial  palpi,  and  the  transverse,  not  prominent, 
anterior  coxa;,  readily  distinguish  it  from  the  other  groups.  The 
claws  are  small,  without  onychium,  but  the  tip  of  the  last  joint  of 
the  tarsi  is  prolonged  beneath  into  an  obtuse  process  one-half  as 
long  as  the  claws. 

Group  II.— Copres. 

The  labial  palpi  are  3-jointod,  broad,  and  compressed ;  the 
anterior  coxa;  are  conical,  large,  and  prominent.  The  last  joint 
of  the  tarsi  has  no  onychium,  and  in  one  genus  the  claws  are 
wanting ;  in  Copris  the  claws  are  small,  and  the  inferior  portion 
of  the  joint  is  prolonged  into  a  process  as  long  as  the  claws. 
The  anterior  tarsi  are  wanting  in  certain  foreign  l'hana;us;  and 
in  one  genus,  Deudropajmon,  from  lirazil,  the  tarsi  have  only  two 
joints. 


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126 


COLEOrTEIlA  OF  NORTH  AMEIUCA. 


Our  genera  are  but  two;  neither  is  represented  on  the  Pacific 
coast. 

First  joint  of  aiitt'inuil  club  uot  reouiviiiy;  tho  others  ;  metastcmura  rectan- 
guliir;  oliiws  diatinct,  Coi-kih. 

First  joint  of  iintciiniil  clnl)  hollowed,  receiving  the  otliers ;  nictastermim 
rhouiboidal ;  claws  wanting.  Piian^us. 

Ill  botli  of  these  genera  sexual  characters  are  usually  obvious 
in  tubercles  and  horns  on  the  head  and  thorax.  The  species  of 
I'iianu3us  are  brilliantly  colored,  and  P.  carnifex,  with  its  rough 
copi)er-colored  thorax  and  green  elytra,  is  familiar  to  every  col- 
lector. 

Group  III.— Onltes. 

Onih's  Nicanor  Fabr.,  a  very  rare  insect  of  the  Southern  States, 
alone  represents  this  group  in  our  fauna. 

The  anterior  coxro  are  large,  conical,  and  prominent;  the  labial 
]ialpi  are  .'i-jointed,  and  nearly  filiform;  the  claws  arc  distinct,  the 
onychium  snudl,  and  the  inferior  part  of  the  last  joint  of  the  tarsi 
is  not  prolonged. 

The  genus  Onitis  is  distinguished  by  the  scntellnm  being  small, 
but  distinct;  it  resembles  in  form  a  large  Onthophagus. 

Group  IV.— Onthophagl. 

Several  small  species  of  Onthophagus  from  the  Atlantic  slope 
represent  this  group. 

The  anterior  coxsc  are  large,  conical,  and  protuberant ;  the 
labial  palpi  are  but  2-jointod,  llic  third  joint  being  obsolete;  the 
tarsal  claws  are  distinct,  and  the  onychium  is  long,  with  the  two 
usual  seta;. 

In  some  of  the  species  the  head  or  thorax  of  the  males  is  armed 
with  horns. 

The  genus  is  known  by  the  antenna}  having  but  nine  joints,  and 
by  the  scutellum  uot  being  visible. 

Tribe  II.— APHODIIXI. 

Species  of  small  size,  and  oblong,  convex,  or  cylindrical  form, 
living  chiefly  in  excrements.  The  clypeus,  as  in  Coprini,  is  dilated 
so  as  to  cover  the  oral  organs,  but  in  one  genus,  Jilgialia,  they  are 
visible  beyond  the  apex  of  the  clypeus;  the  niaxillce  and  mandibles 
are  variable  in  form;  antennas  9-jointed,  club  3-joiuted;  epimera 


i,;i! 


SCAItAH^tlDAE, 


127 


of  inotutliorax  covered;  niiddlo  coxiu  obliquo,  contiguous  in  our 
j^cimra;  pusttTJur  til)iiu  with  two  spurs;  elytra  cuveriiifi:  tiic  py- 
fjidiiim  onliruly  or  in  i){ii'l;  ventral  segments  six,  all  Tree;  tarsi 
willi  distinct  claws  and  snudl  bisetoso  onychium. 

The  sexiail  dillereiices  are  usually  none;  in  a  few  species  tlie 
head,  and  more  rarely  I  lie  thorax,  of  the  male  are  marked  willi 
one  or  more  small  tubercles.     Our  genera  are  as  follows: — 

Miui(lil)loH  and  labrum  concealed  ; 
Lolies  of  the  niiixillii!  iiifin)>r;iiiotis  or  coriaceous,  unarmed; 

Upper  part  of  tlie  eyes  visible  in  repose.  ApnoDiUil. 

Ui)i)er  part  of  tlie  eyes  invisiljle  in  repose  ; 

Posterior  tiln.-e  pr()li>iif;e(l  externally  into  a  spine.  Et'PAiiiA. 

External  lobe  of  tlie  niaxilb-e  corTieous,  booked.  I'sAMMoniUS. 

Mandibles  and  labruni  visible  beyond  the  clypeus.  vEhialia. 

Euparia  embraces  many  s))ecies,  of  wliicli  Eit.  cax((im:(i.  inhabits 
ants'  nests  in  the  Southern  Stales.  J'sammodius  is  recoginzed  by 
the  transverse  grooves  of  the  thorax,  and  ^Kgialia  by  the  ihiek 
convex  body;  the  species  of  the  last-named  genus  are  i'uund  near 
the  ocean  or  large  lakes. 

Several  species  of  Aphodius  have  been  introduced  from  Europe, 
but  are  now  entirely  naturalized,  especially  in  the  northern  purls 
of  the  country ;  e.  g.  A.  /ofiHur,  fimetariuH. 


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Tribe  III.— ORPIIIVINI. 

Oval,  convex  species,  of  brown  color,  covered  above  with  short 
erect  hair;  the  elytra  arc  striate;  the  mandibles  and  labniin  are 
corneous,  not  covered  by  the  clypeus,  which  is  not  dilated  us  in 
the  two  preceding  trilies ;  antenna'  lO-juinted,  club  3-jointed,  some- 
what rounded;  anterior  coxie  })rominent;  middle  coxa;  obli(pie, 
contiguous;  epimera  of  the  nielatliorux  covered;  ventral  segments 
six,  not  connate;  tarsi  with  a  small  setigerous  onychium. 

The  species  in  our  fauiui  arc  three,  belonging  to  Oehoda?us. 
They  arc  found  from  the  Mississippi  westward  to  Arizona,  and 
are  very  rare.  Ochodious  is  distinguished  from  the  other  genera 
of  the  tribe  by  the  eyes  being  not  emarginatc.  The  habits  are 
uukuown. 

Tribe  IV.-niBOSORIXI. 

A  single  species  of  Hybosorus  found  in  the  Southern  States, 
identical  with  the  European  H.  aralor,  and  probably  imported. 


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128 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


alone  rcproROnts  this  tribe  in  our  fanna.  It  is  an  oval,  convex, 
shining  blaclv  inst'ct,  about  a  quurlor  of  uu  inch  lony,  with  line 
rows  of  punctures  on  tiie  elytra. 

The  mandibles  and  iubrum  are  corneous,  prominent;  antennje 
10-jointed,  the  club  3-jointod,  the  first  joint  hollowed  and  receiv- 
ing the  second;  anterior  coxa;  conical,  prominent;  middle  cox.t 
obli(pie,  contiguous;  epimera  of  the  metathorax  visible;  ventral 
segments  six,  all  but  the  last  connate.  Tarsi  with  a  short  bise- 
tose  onychium. 

Tribe  v.— GEOTRUPIWI. 

"Insects  of  rounded  convex  form,  some  living  in  excrements, 
others  found  wandering  about  without  visible  means  of  support; 
the  elytra  strongly  striate  in  nearly  all ;  the  thorax  of  the  males, 
and  more  rarely  the  head,  armed  with  horns  or  tubercles. 

The  mandi))les  and  labrum  corneous,  prominent;  antennae  11- 
jointcd,  club  3-jointed,  variable  in  form;  anterior  coxa3  promi- 
nent; middle  coxiu  more  or  less  oblique,  usually  contiguous,  but 
separated  in  Athyreus ;  epimera  of  the  metathorax  visible ;  ventral 
segments  six,  free ;  the  elytra  covering  the  pygidium ;  tarsi  with 
a  bisetose  onychium. 

With  the  exception  of  one  species  of  Odontffius  from  California, 

our  species  are  all  found  east  of  the  llocky  Mountains. 

Club  of  antennae  large,  lenticular ; 

Middle  coxse  separated.  •                Athyreus. 
Middle  cox.-b  contiguous ; 

Eyea  partially  divided.  BoLnocERus. 

Eyes  entirely  divided.  ■                                 ODONT/T':rs. 

Club  of  antenuifi  lamellate.  Geotuupes. 


Tribe  VI.— PLEOCOWf  INI. 

This  tribe  contains  but  a  single  Californian  species,  Pleocoma 
Jimhriala  Lee,  of  moderately  large  size,  black,  rounded,  not  very 
convex,  with  the  body,  parts  of  the  mouth,  and  legs  clothed  with 
very  long  hair.  The  elytra  are  irregularly  punctured,  and  the 
head  is  armed  with  a  perpendicular  horn  between  the  eyes,  and 
the  front  is  prolonged  and  bifurcated ;  above  the  insertion  of  the 
antenna)  is  an  acute  lobe.  The  antennae  have  eleven  joints,  of 
which  the  last  five  or  six  form  a  large  lamellated  mass ;  the  labrum 
is  elongated,  rounded  at  the  apex,  and  dellexed.     The  mandibles 


SCAUADiEIDAE. 


129 


arc  pyramidal  and  short;  tlie  inner  lobe  of  the  maxillne  is  vorv 
small,  and  hooked  at  the  tip;  the  outer  one  is  larger,  but  still 
small,  rounded  at  tip,  and  hairy;  the  maxillary  palpi  are  long 
and  slender,  the  second  joint  equal  to  the  third  and  fourth,  the 
third  being  only  half  as  long  as  the  fourth.  The  nientum  is 
nearly  semicircular;  the  ligula  is  entirely  concealed  by  the  base 
of  the  labial  palpi,  which  are  moderate  in  length,  the  third  joint 
being  as  long  as  the  first  and  second  together.  The  anterior 
coxse  are  large,  conical,  prominent;  the  middle  ones  contiguous, 
prominent,  conical,  oblique ;  the  elytra  cover  the  pygidium  almost 
entirely.  The  anterior  tibiae  are  3-toothed,  and  have  two  small 
teeth  above  the  upper  tooth;  the  middle  and  hind  tibiie  are  ex- 
panded at  tip,  and  have  two  acute  teeth  placed  transversely  about 
the  middle  on  the  external  surface.  The  tarsi  are  longer  than 
the  tibiuj,  and  slender,  the  joints  1 — 4  equal,  the  fifth  longer  than 
the  two  preceding;  the  claws  slender,  with  a  narrow  bisetose 
onychium.  Ventral  segments  free,  the  sixth  retracted  within  the 
lifth. 

Of  the  habits  of  this  remarkable  insect  nothing  is  known. 

Tribe  VII.— ACAMTHOCERIIVI. 

Mandibles  and  labrum  corneous,  prominent;  antenna;  9-  or  10- 
jointed,  club  3-jointed ;  anterior  coxa)  conical,  prominent ;  middle 
coxa;  transverse,  contiguous ;  epimera  of  the  mesothorax  attaining 
the  coxie ;  epimera  of  the  metathorax  covered ;  ventral  segments 
five,  not  connate;  body  contractile  into  a  ball;  pygidium  entirely 
covered  by  the  elytra;  tarsi  with  slender  claws  and  no  onychium. 

Oval,  convex,  smooth,  shining  insects,  living  under  bark  and  in 
rotten  wood.  They  have  been  considered  by  Lacordaire  and  pre- 
vious authors  as  forming  a  sub-tribe  of  Trogini ;  but  the  difference 
in  the  side  pieces  of  the  mesothorax,  which  extend  to  the  coxte,  as 
in  all  other  ScarabiEida),  requires  thchi  to  be  separated.  Other 
differences  are  found  in  the  large  size  of  the  scutellum,  and  the 
tarsi  fringed  with  long  hairs. 

Our  genera  are  two,  both  having  10-jointed  antenna) : — 

Body  partially  contractile  ;  middle  and  posterior  tibia;  thick. 

ACANTHOCEnnS. 

Body  perfectly  contractile ;  middle  and  posterior  tibiie  compressed. 

SpU/KIlOMORPnUS. 

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130 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Two  species  of  the  first  genus,  aud  ouc  of  tho  sccoud,  from  the 
Atlautic  Slates. 


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Tribe  VIII.— BTICACilM. 

NicaguH  obscuriis  (Ochodirus  obscuriDi  Lee.)  is  tlie  only  meni- 
Vjcr  of  this  tribe  known  to  nie.  It  is  an  oval,  convex  insect,  more 
than  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  brown,  densely  punctured,  and 
covered  with  very  short  pale  hair.  It  resembles  in  a|)pcaran{e 
some  of  the  Sericic,  or  a  nearly  smooth  Trox.  It  is  found 
throughout  the  Atlantic  district. 

The  head  is  rounded,  moderately  convex,  the  front  finely  raar- 
gijied  ;  the  labrum  is  broadly  rounded,  hairy ;  the  mandibles  short, 
pyramidal,  not  very  prominent;  the  mentura  is  thick,  triangular, 
hairy,  pointed  in  front;  the  palpi  short,  the  last  joint  oval.  The 
antenna?  are  10-jointcd,  the  club  3-jointed,  longer  in  the  male 
than  in  the  female.  The  anterior  coxte  are  large,  conical,  promi- 
nent ;  the  middle  ones  nearly  contiguous,  oblique ;  the  epimera 
of  the  mesothoi'ax  attain  the  coxa;.  The  elytra  cover  the  pygi- 
dium.  The  abdomen  has  five  free  ventral  segments.  The  legs 
are  normal  in  form ;  the  anterior  tibise  are  4-toothed,  the  middle 
and  hind  ones  gradually  thickened  towards  the  tip  in  the  female, 
but  slender  in  the  male,  with  one  small  sharp  tooth  and  some 
small  denticles  on  the  outer  face ;  the  spurs  of  the  hind  tibia;  are 
acute  in  the  male,  obtuse  in  the  female ;  the  tarsi  are  long  and 
slender  in  the  male,  but  shorter  and  stouter  in  the  female ;  the 
onychium  is  narrow,  and  bears  two  long  bristles,  as  in  Lucanida;. 

I  have  been  very  much  at  a  loss  where  to  place  this  curious 
insect.  The  joints  of  the  club  of  the  antenna;  do  not  appear  to 
be  capable  of  being  brought  into  absolute  contact,  as  in  other 
Scaraboeidae,  and  the  club  therefore  appears  pectinate.  I  was, 
therefore,  inclined  to  consider  it  as  allied  to  the  European  J^]sa- 
lus,  among  the  LucanidiE,  which  genus  it  resembles  somewhat  iu 
form;  but  the  small  size  of  the  oral  organs,  and  the  triangular 
mcntum,  have  induced  mo  rather  to  place  it  as  a  tribe  of  the 
Laparostict  Scaraba;idae,  and  the  position  here  given  it  well  cor- 
responds both  with  its  external  form  and  Melolonthine  sexual 
characters.     Of  its  habits  I  know  nothing. 


BCABAB^IDAE. 


Tribe  IX.-TROOIIVI. 


131 


Mandibles  and  laluniin  corneous,  prominent ;  antennae  9-  or 
lO-jointed,  club  ;3-juintod  ;  unterior  ooxie  rounded,  Hubeonieul, 
jironiinent;  middle  coxie  nearly  round,  not  obli(iue,  conli>ruous; 
epimera  of  the  nietathorax  covered;  epimera  of  the  mesoihorax 
widely  separated  from  the  coxa)  by  the  sternum ;  ventral  segmenls 
live,  not  connate;  abdomen  covered  by  the  elytra;  tarsi  with 
moderate  claws,  but  no  ouychium. 

The  insects  of  this  tribe  are  oblong,  convex  species,  living  in 
dried  decomposing  animal  matter.  The  feet  are  scarcely  fossorial 
in  form;  the  surface  is  usually  rough,  and  covered  with  a  crust 
of  dirt,  removed  with  great  ditliculty.  Oifr  species  are  numerous, 
and  belong  to  the  genus  Trox.  The  larger  species,  having  the 
sides  of  the  thorax  not  ciliate  with  hairs,  were  placed  by  Erichson 
as  a  separate  genus,  Omorgus ;  but  the  characters,  as  observed  by 
Lacordairo,  are  indefinite,  and  it  is  not  retained.* 

The  genus  Trox  possesses  a  distinct  stridulating  organ;  it  is 
an  elliptical  plate,  with  pearly  reflections,  occupying  the  upper 
part  of  the  external  face  of  the  ascending  portion  of  the  first  ven- 
tral segment,  and  is  covered  by  the  elytra;  on  the  inner  surface 
of  the  elytra,  near  the  margin,  about  opposite  the  metathorax,  is 
an  oval,  smooth,  polished  space,  which  has  probably  some  coa- 
uection  with  the  stridulating  organ. 

Sub-Family  II.— MELOLONTIIIDAE. 

This  sub-family  holds  an  intermediate  position  between  the  lapa- 
rosticti  and  pleurosticti.  The  second  pair  of  abdominal  spiracles 
is  placed  in  the  membrane  conjiecting  the  ventral  and  dorsal  seg- 
ments, as  in  other  8carabtcida3 ;  in  most  species  the  third,  and 
sometimes  the  fourth,  at  the  outer  limit  of  this  membrane ;  the  fifth 
and  sixth  pairs  are  in  the  dorsal  portion  of  the  ventral  segments, 
but  the  lines  connecting  them  do  not  diverge  strongly,  as  in  the 
pleurosticti;  the  seventh  or  last  pair  is  usually  visible  behind  the 
elytra,  but  variable  in  position ;  in  other  species,  forming  the  first 
two  tribes,  however,  the  spiracles  are  placed  as  in  the  laparosticli, 
all  being  in  the  connecting  membrane. 

*  For  a  synopsis  of  our  species,  see  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  VII,  211. 


III 

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132 


COLEOrTEIlA  OP  NOnTII  AMERICA. 


The  clypeus  i.s  uHimlly  prolonged  uml  niargiiit'il  in  front,  so  Hint 
the  mouth  is  inferior,  but  in  Glapiiyrini  tiie  nnunliljles  and  luhnint 
nre  prominent ;  the  niandil)les  arc  corneous,  sliort,  pyrnmidnl  ; 
the  mentum  largo,  quadrate,  witii  the  liguhi  usuuiiy  corneous  nntl 
cunnuto  with  tiie  mentum,  though  Hometintes  free  and  membranous, 
as  in  the  hiparosticti ;  the  clypeal  suture  is  usually  distinct,  trans- 
verse; the  antennas  have  from  seven  to  ten  joints,  and  the  club  in 
always  lamellate,  sometimes  consisting  of  six  or  live,  but  usually 
of  three  joints,  and  is  frequently  longer  in  the  males ;  the  tarsi 
are  always  perfect,  5-jointed,  with  the  claws  variable  in  form,  and 
the  bisetose  onychlum  is  present  in  all  the  tribes  except  lloplini. 

The  species  feed  exclusively  on  living  vegetable  matter,  and  it 
will  be  seen  that  the  distinctions  between  it  and  the  other  sub- 
families arc  of  a  negative  character ;  the  posterior  spiracles  do 
not  diverge  strongly,  as  in  the  plcurosticti;  the  middle  coxa;  are 
not  oblique,  as  in  the  laparostieti  (except  Troginl),  nor  rounded 
and  separated  from  the  side  pieces,  as  in  that  tribe.  There  is  also 
a  considerable  diifercnce  in  the  adaptation  of  the  last  abdominal 
segments.  In  Mclonthidas  the  fifth  ventral  is  veiy  frequently  con- 
nate with  the  penultimate  dorsal,  and  the  sixth  segment,  usually 
visible,  is  rendered  so  merely  by  its  size  and  firm  consistence 
causing  it  to  be  pushed  out  into  view.  Even  when  the  fifth  ven- 
tral is  not  connate  with  the  dorsal  segment,  they  form  together  a 
regular  ring. 

In  the  preceding  sub-family  the  sixth  ventral  segment  is  nor- 
mally visible,  although  sometimes  of  small  size  and  retracted ;  in 
this  case  the  pygidium  or  last  dorsal  segment  is  covered  by  the 
elytra,  and  in  a  manner  lies  upon  the  fifth  ventral.  The  fifth 
ventral  is  never  connate  with  the  penultimate  dorsal,  and  does 
not  form  with  it  a  regular  ring. 

In  the  first  tribe  of  Melonthidoj  (Glaphyrini)  the  sixth  ventral 
is  quite  visible,  and  the  fifth  is  not  connate  with  the  penultimate 
dorsal,  but  still  they  are  adapted  together  so  as  to  form  a  regular 
ring,  to  which  is  articulated  the  protuberance  formed  by  the  pygi- 
dium and  sixth  ventral,  in  the  same  position  as  in  Melolonthidu; 
of  other  tribes  in  which  the  sixth  ventral  segment  is  external. 

According  to  the  position  of  the  abdominal  spiracles,  the  tribes 
of  this  sub-family  divide  into  two  sets. 


V. 


nor- 

;  i» 

the 

fifth 

does 


SCARAB.flinAB.  133 


A.    LAPAROSTirT   MELOLONTniPAK. 

Two  tribes  form  in  this  division,  and  onlydifler  from  the  tribes 
of  tlie  preeedinff  sub-family  l>y  individual  peeuliurities  of  moment, 
though  by  no  general  charaeler. 

Mauilibltis  and  labium  ptoiiiiiHiit ;  ventral  segnientH  hIx,  free. 

Ol.AIMITRINI. 

Maudiblea  aud  labrum  Iwiieath  the  cijjieua  ;  ventral  HOgnients  coniiali'. 

Onceuini. 

Tribe  I-«LAPIIYR1NI. 

Oblonpr,  not  convex  insects,  fre(|uenting  flowers,  and  remarkable 
for  the  long  hairs  of  the  legs  and  under  surface;  the  head  and 
thorax  are  also  usually  densely  covered  witli  long  hair.  The 
elytra  are  flat,  fre(|uently  dehiscent,  and  do  not  cover  the  i)ygi- 
dium;  the  abdominal  spiracles  are  all  situated  in  the  connecting 
membrane ;  the  fifth  ventral  joins  the  propygidium,  to  form  a 
ring,  but  is  not  connate  with  it,  as  in  the  genuine  Melolonthidic; 
the  sixth  ventral  is  somewhat  triangular,  and  unites  with  the 
])ygiiliuiu  to  form  a  freely  moving  conical  mass.  The  epiniera 
i)f  the  inesuthurax  are  very  large;  the  mctasternum  is  short;  the 
side  pieces  broad,  with  the  epimera  large ;  the  anterior  coxse  are 
large,  prominent;  the  middle  ones  transverse,  contiguous;  claws 
long,  diverging.     Antennaj  with  3-jointed  club. 

The  legs  and  tarsi  of  these  insects  are  formed  as  in  other  Me- 
lolonthidie,  and  the  claws  of  Lichnanthe  are  slightly  toothed  at 
base. 

Lichnanthe  is  found  in  the  Atlantic  States,  Dasydcra  in  Cali- 
fornia; both  have  10-jointed  antennaj. 

Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  oval,  deeply  excavated;  labrum  slightly 
emarffinate  ;  claws  scarcely  toothed,  liroader  at  ha.se.  Dasydkha. 

^'  '^  Uar.v  I'llpi  with  the  last  joint  cylindrical;  labrum  deeply  einarginate  ; 
tlawa  with  a  broad  basal  tooth.  Lichna.ntue. 

Tribe  II.— OIVCERIBTI. 

This  tribe  corresponds  with  the  group  Lasiopodes  of  my  sy- 
nopsis of  Melolonthidae.*  Its  characters  are  very  distinct,  as 
follows : — 

*  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  2d  sen,  III,  282. 


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l.U 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Autcrior  coxa)  large,  prominent,  conical ;  niandlMc?  and  labnim 
beneath  the  rofloxed  clypcus ;  antenna;  9-jointed,  slinrt ;  clul)  small, 
8-j(jinted;  abdomen  very  small,  with  the  veulral  sutures  entirely 
efl'aeed,  last  segment  free,  conical;  pygidium  slightly  prominent; 
elytra  rounded  at  tip ;  epimera  of  mesothora\  small,  extending  to 
the  coxas;  side  pieces  of  raetathorax  narrow,  epimera  covered; 
logs  stout,  posterior  thighs  large  ;  tibia;  thick,  conical ;  tarsi  very 
lung ;  claws  diverging,  slender,  with  a  small  bisetose  onychium ; 
anterior  tibiaj  without  spurs,  posterior  tibia)  with  two  spurs. 

Clypeus  concave,  rounded  ;  iiientum  linear  ;  clawb  simple.         LAsiorrs. 
Clypeu8  llattened,  parallel,  incised  each  side,  and  marked  with  a  tiansvtnie 
suture  ;  mentuin  trapezoidal ;  clawei  divided.  Oxckkus. 

Lasiopus  is  found  in  Te.xas,  Onccrus  in  California,  each  repre- 
sented by  one  species.  They  are  the  smallest  ^leloloiilhidio 
known  to  me,  and  live  on  flowers ;  the  upper  surface  is  glabrous, 
but  the  legs  are  fringed  with  long  hairs.  Oncerus  rpi-einbles  in 
form  the  European  Cliasmatopterus,  but  the  clypous  is  double 
as  in  Dipliucrania.  Lasiopus  exactly  resembles  in  appearance 
Aclopus  Er.,  which,  hi  wever,  has  the  labrum  and  maudibk"^ 
porrected  as  in  the  preceding  tribe. 


B.  Pleurostict  Melolonthidae. 

The  mandibles  and  labrum  are  placed  under  the  clypeus  in  all 
of  our  genera,  although  prominent  in  some  foreign  genura ;  the 
posterior  pair  of  spiracles  varies  in  position ;  in  some  groups  it 
is  external  to  the  suture  between  the  propygidium  and  the  fifth 
ventrril  segmeut,  in  others  it  is  placed  directly  on  the  suture, 
which  in  Diplotaxes  is  almost  oljliterated.  Although  the  sub- 
tril)es  appear  to  l)e  quite  natural  groups,  and  of  equal  value,  it 
is  diflicult,  on  account  of  the  absence  of  many  typical  forms  from 
our  fauna,  to  combine  them  in  such  manner  as  to  form  well- 
defined  tribes,  such  as  are  seen  in  the  previous  sub-family;  there 
would  appear,  however,  to  be  three  indicated,  which,  with  their 
sub-tribes,  may  be  thus  tabulated,  all  represented  ''n  our  fauna 
having  normally  developed  oval  organs.* 

A.  Tibi;p  with  one  spur,  which  is  s-otnetiiees  obsolete  ;  tai-si  without  ony- 
chium ;  claws  chelate,  unequai ;  last  spiracle  placed  on  the  suture 

*  In  the  foreign  tribe  Pachypodiui  the  oral  organs  are  very  feebly  and 
imperfectly  developed. 


.'.H' 


SCARAB.T-IDAE. 


1:35 


vyn- 


4.  Macrodactylini. 
5.  Sericoidisi. 

6.    DlPHlTAXIM. 


between  tho  fifth  ventral  and  propygiilimn,  which  are  connati' 
tral  segments  connate  ;  side  pieces  of  uietathorax  broad. 

1.   UOPLIIXl. 
Middle  coxje  contiguous.  1.  Hoi-liim. 

B.  Middle  and  hind  tibiii'  with  two  spura  ;  tarsi  witli  distinct  biseto.se  ony- 
chiuni  and  equal  claws  ; 

a.  Last  spiracle  in  the  fifth  ventral,  which  is  not  connate  with  the  pro- 

pygidium  ;  side  pieces  of  inetathorax  narrow  ;  ventral  segments 
six,  free  ;  anterior  coxse  conical,  prominent.       II.  SERICINI, 
Labrum  separate  from  the  clypeus  ;  claws  chelate. 

2.    DiCIIELONYCHIM. 

Labrum  connate  with  the  clypeus  ;  claws  not  chelate. 

3.  Sericixi. 

b.  Last  spiracle  placed  on  the  suture  between  tho  fifth  ventral  and  the 

propygidium,  which  are  closely  connate. 

III.  MELOLONTHINl. 
Anterior  coxae  prominent,  conical ; 
Ventral  segments  six,  not  connate  ; 
Hind  legs  slender. 
Hind  legs  thick. 
Ventral  segments  five,  suliconnatp. 
Anterior  coxte  transverse,  not  prominent ;  ventral  segments  six; 
Ventral  segments  connate.  7.  Meloloxthim. 

Ventral  segments  not  connate.  8.  Mackox^uyllim. 

Sub-Tribe  1.— Ilopliiiii  (genuiui). 

Oblong,  flattened  insects,  living  on  flowers,  and  having  the  ))0(ly 
more  or  less  covered  with  flat  scales  of  a  yellowisli,  hrownisli,  or 
silvery  color.  ]}nt  one  genus,  Iloplia,  is  found  in  the  United 
States,  and  is  represented  by  species  in  every  part  of  our  t<'rr:- 
tory;  the  males  frequently  differ  from  tho  females  by  color  as 
well  as  size,  and  even  by  the  texture  of  the  scales  and  hair,  so 
tliat,  whenever  opportunity  occurs,  the  sexes  of  the  specimens 
found  should  be  carefully  noted. 

Tiie  sub-tribe  is  known  by  the  ligula  being  corneous,  and  con- 
nate with  the  mentum,  as  in  the  other  Melolonthida;  of  our  fauna ; 
by  the  small  scutellum,  and  by  the  middle  coxa)  1)eing  nearly 
contiguous. 

The  characters  of  the  tribe  are :  the  siile  pieces  of  the  nieta- 
thorax  are  always  broad ;  the  club  of  the  antenna;  is  3-jointed ; 
the  mandibles  have  an  interior  plate;  the  labrimi  is  very  short, 
and  concealed  under  the  clypeus;  the  anterior  coxa?  are  large, 
conical,  and  prominent;  the  tibiie  have  but  a  single  small  terminul 
spur;  the  claws  are  chelate  and  very  unequal,  and  the  onychiuiu 


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13(5 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


is  entirely  wanting;  the  ventral  segments  are  connate,  and  the 
fiixlli  is  indistinct;  the  last  spiraclo  is  on  the  suture  between  the 
Itropygidium  and  lit'th  ventral. 

Sub-Tribe  2.— Diclielonychini. 

The  genus  Diehelonycha  alone  represents  this  sub-tribe  in  our 
fauna,  but  is  universally  distributed.  It  is  distinguished  t'ruiu  va- 
rious foreign  sub-tribes  having  prominent  anterior  coxai,  distinct 
labrum,  and  separate  ventral  segments,  by  the  ligula  connate  with 
the  nu'utum,  the  large  vertical  and  deeply  cniargiiuite  lal*rum, 
and  by  the  sternum  not  being  prominent.  The  last  spiracle  is 
placed  outside  of  the  suture  between  the  propygidium  and  the 
iil'tli  ventral  segment,  which  are  not  connate  to  form  a  soliil  ring. 

From  Macroductylini  it  differs  by  the  position  of  the  last  abdo- 
minal spiracle ;  by  the  claws  being  chelate,  or  capable  of  being 
folded  along  the  last  joint  of  the  tarsi,  though  they  are  not  usually 
seen  in  that  position ;  and  by  the  large,  prominent  eyes. 

In  Diehelonycha  the  thora.x  has  a  narrow  anterior  membranous 
margin,  and  the  claws  are  equal  and  cleft  at  tip. 

Thoy  are  elongate  hairy  insects,  usually  of  metallic  color,  some- 
times found  iu  large  numbers  ou  leaves  of  trees. 

Snb-Tribe  3. — Scricini  (gonuini). 

This  sub-tribe  is  also  represented  in  our  fauna  by  a  single 
genus,  Serica,  of  universal  distribution.  They  are  oblong,  con- 
vex insects,  of  a  brown  color,  usually  with  iridescent  reflections; 
the  elytra  are  indistinctly  suleatc ;  the  pygidium  is  sometimes 
partly  covered  by  the  elytra. 

It  is  readily  distinguished  from  all  others  of  this  family  by  the 
labrnm  being  connate  with  the  under  surface  of  the  clypeus,  and 
therefore  indistinct. 

The  fifth  ventral  segment  and  the  propygidijim  are  separated 
by  a  distinct  suture,  and  the  spiracle  is  placed  external  to  this 
suture,  half  way  between  the  anterior  and  posterior  margin  of 
the  ventral  segment.  The  posterior  coxie  are  flat,  and  broadly 
dilated. 

Sub-Tribe  4.— IVIacrodactylini.    . 

Three  species  of  A[acrodaotylus,  distributed  from  the  Atlantic 
to  Arizona,  alone  represent  this  group  in  our  fauna;  they  are 


^!  -fi-^^M: 


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of 

illy 


BCARAn^EIDAE. 


137 


commonly  known  as  rose-bugs,  and  are  very  dostnictivc  to  roses 
wlu'ii  ill  bloom.  They  are  elongate,  brownish  inseets,  densely 
covered  wilii  oehreoiis  seales,  so  as  to  appear  yellow;  the  tarsi 
are  very  long;  the  elaws  long,  slender,  diverging,  elel't  at  tip; 
the  lif'th  ventral  segment  and  propygidium  are  eonnale,  forming  a 
solid  ring,  and  the  last  spiracle  is  placed  on  the  suture.  The 
lal>rum  is  not  connate  with  thcclypeus;  the  mentum  is  narrow, 
and  channelled;  the  anterior  eo.xa;  are  conical  and  prominent; 
the  ventral  segments  are  not  counate,  and  th(!  legs  are  slender. 

Sub-Tribe  5.— Sei'icoidini. 

This  sub-tribe,  as  defined  by  Lacordaire,  differs  from  the  others 
liaving  conical,  prominent  anterior  coxic,  by  the  lalirum  lieing 
distinct,  and  the  mentum  not  elongate  and  channelled,  as  in  Ma- 
crodactyli.  1  have  separated  a  portion  having  chelate  ungues 
to  form  the  sub-tribe  Dichelonychini,  and  refer  to  the  genuine 
Scricoides,  a  curious  genus  found  in  Florida,  although  I  am  not 
able  to  determine  to  what  foreign  genera  it  is  allied. 

The  liguhi  is  connate  with  the  mentum,  which  is  concave;  the 
labrum  is  short  and  emarginate;  the  mandibles  not  prominent; 
the  clypeus  very  thick,  margined  in  front;  the  antennai  10-jointcd, 
the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  joints  closely  connected ;  the  club  3- 
jointed,  elongated  in  the  males;  the  last  spiracle  is  placed  on  the 
suture  l)etween  the  connate  fifth  ventral  and  the  propygidium ; 
the  ventral  segments  are  six,  not  connate ;  the  legs  are  stout,  the 
liind  femora  and  tibia;  much  thickened  ;  the  inner  claw  of  the 
anterior  tarsi,  and  the  outer  claw  of  the  middle  tarsi  (at  least  of 
the  male),  is  suddenly  and  broadly  dilated  at  base  into  a  large 
rounded  prominence. 

I  have  named  this  genus  Ilypotrichia.  It  is  an  oval,  elongate 
insect,  half  an  inch  long,  of  a  piceous  color,  finely  punctured 
above,  with  the  thorax  transverse,  rounded,  covered  with  short 
grayish  hair;  body  beneath  densely  clothed  with  long  hair;  ely- 
tra finely  punctured  and  pubescent.     The  species  is  U.  apissipes. 

Sub-Tribe  C— Diplotaxini. 

Small,  oblong,  slightly  convex  species,  usually  brown,  with  the 
elytra  most  fretpiently  marked  with  rows  of  punctures  alternately 
approximate,  with  the  wider  spaces  irregularly  punctured.     They 


%:^Si  '■. 


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138 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


are  distinguished  from  all  other  groups  having  the  anterior  coxaj 
prominent  and  the  side  pieces  of  the  metathorax  narrow,  by  the 
sixth  ventral  segment  not  being  visible ;  the  fifth  and  propygidium 
are  closely  connate,  with  the  suture  indistinct,  and  the  spiracle  is 
placed  midway  between  the  anterior  and  posterior  margins ;  the 
ventral  sutures  are  distinct  in  all  of  our  genera,  and  the  apical 
margin  of  the  thorax  is  membranous,  except  in  Alobus ;  the 
antennai  are  10-jointed,  except  in  Diazus. 

Anterior  claws  with  a  slightly  proniiueut  tooth  near  the  tip ;  midillu  and 

posterior  claws  cleft.  Orsosyx. 

Claws  alike  on  all  the  feet ; 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  oval,  somewhat  pointed; 

Anteiniie  9-jointed  ;  claws  entire.  DiAzus. 

Antennie  10-jointeil ;  claws  cleft  or  toothed.  Diplotaxis. 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  elongate,  cylindrical ;   claws  with  a  very 

large  tooth.  Alobus. 


Sub-Tribe  7.— Melolonthini  (genuini). 

This  is  the  first  of  the  sub-tribes  in  which  the  anterior  coxa? 
are  not  prominent,  but  simply  transverse,  and  contained  entirely 
in  the  coxal  cavities.  It  is  distinguished  from  the  other  sub-tril>es 
having  this  character,  by  the  labrum  being  deeply  emurginate,  and 
the  ventral  segments  connate,  though  the  sutures  are  frequently 
not  eft'aced. 

The  apical  margin  of  the  thorax  is  never  membranous ;  the 
fifth  ventral  segment  is  connate  with  the  ijropygidium  by  an  angu- 
lated  suture,  sometimes  partly  obliterated ;  tiie  spiracle  is  placed 
at  the  angle  of  this  suture,  nearer  the  posterior  than  the  anterior 
margin.  The  genera  indicate  three  groups,  distinguished  as 
follows : — 

Side  pieces  of  metathorax  narrow ; 

Labial  palpi  on  tlie  under  surface  of  the  ligula.  Riiizotrogi. 

Labial  palpi  at  the  sides  of  the  ligula.  TosiKcoprEii^. 

Side  pieces  of  metathorax  wide.  Melolontu^i;. 


Group  L— Rhlzotroji, 

This  group  is  sufficiently  distinguished  by  the  labial  palpi* 
being  inserted  on  the  under  surface  of  the  ligula  near  the  sides. 

*  For  an  important  note  concerning  tlie  structure  of  the  ligula  and  posi- 
tion of  the  laliinl  pnlpi  in  various  groups  of  Melolunthida;,  vide  Duval,  Gen. 
Col.  Europe,  111,  44. 


SCARAH.i;iPAE. 


139 


Tho  species  arc  glabrous,  or  pubescent  above;  the  tliorax  is  inar- 
giiK'il  in  front.  The  side  pieces  of  the  nietathorax  are  narrow, 
with  the  epiniera  moderate  in  size,  or  small.  One  spur  of  the 
hind  tibiie  is  frequently  connate  with  tho  tibia)  in  the  males.  The 
third  joint  of  the  antennas  is  not  elongated. 

The  genera  are  not  well  defined,  and  in  those  having  many 
species  considerable  variation  in  the  generic  characters  is  seen. 

Some  of  the  species  of  Lachnosterna,  known  familiarly  under 
the  name  June  bugs,  are  very  aljundant,  aud  do  much  harm  by 
destroying  the  leaves  of  fruit-trees. 

Claws  never  serrate,  with  a  single  tooth  beneath ; 
Ligula  dt'eply  emarginate  ; 
AntiMin.ie  10-jointed. 
Antenn;e  D-jointeJ. 
Ligula  nearly  truncate ; 
Laliruni  Lilobed. 
Lalirum  concave,  not  bilobed. 
Claws  more  or  less  serrate,  sometimes  toothed. 

Eugastra  (two  species)  belongs  to  the  interior  part  of  Texas ; 
LLstrochelus  to  the  interior  of  the  continent,  from  Platte  Kiver 
to  the  Colorado  of  California.  One  species  of  Lachnosterna  is 
known  from  California ;  the  others  all  belong  to  the  Atlantic 
slope  of  the  continent. 


£C0A8TRA. 

Endkosa. 
Lachnosteuna, 

GVNKIS. 

LlSTKOCIlKLCS. 


it 


ik- 


Group  II.— ToBtegopterae. 

In  this  group  the  labial  palpi  are  inserted  at  tho  sides  of  the 
ligula,  as  in  the  next  group,  but  the  side  pieces  of  the  mctathorax 
are  narrow,  as  in  the  Rhizotrogi.  The  third  joint  of  the  auteunie 
is  not  elongated.     The  thorax  is  margined  in  front. 

The  genus  Tostegoptera  contains  two  species,  T.  lanceohda 
from  Kansas  and  Texas,  and  2\  scqualis  from  Texas.  The  females 
are  ovate  and  very  convex,  the  males  oblong;  they  are  clothed 
with  small  scales;  the  spurs  of  the  hind  tiljiit  are  free  in  both 
sexes ;  the  fourth  and  fifth  ventral  segments  of  the  male  are  fur- 
nished each  with  a  small  longitudinal  crest  at  the  middle.  Tiie 
antennte  are  10-jointed,  with  .S-jointed  club ;  the  joints  .3,  4.  nnd 
5,  arc  closely  connected.  The  claws  are  slender,  with  a  tojth 
near  the  base. 


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140 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Group  III.— Melolonthas. 

Large  species,  frequently  ornamented  with  spots  or  stripes  of 
squainiform  hair,  and  di.stinguis]ied  by  the  broad  side  pieces  of  the 
metutiionix,  the  epimera  of  which  are  large.  Tlie  fiftii  ventral 
segment  and  the  propygidium  are  connate  by  an  anguiated  suture, 
llie  spiracle  is  placed  exactly  ut  the  angle ;  the  thorax  has  no  an- 
terior marginal  line. 

The  club  of  the  antennae  of  Polyphylla  assumes  an  enormous 
development  in  the  male,  and  consists  of  six  joints ;  in  the  female 
it  is  smaller. 

Two  genera  are  in  our  fauna,  both  having  a  spur  on  the  ante- 
rior tibiic ;  Polyphylla  has  universal  distribution,  Thyce  i.s  found 
iu  New  Mexico. 

Antennie  with  the  third  joint  elong-tted,  club  many-jointed.  Polyphylla. 
AuteuuuB  with  the  third  joint  not  elongated  ;  club  (  J  )  small,  3-jointed. 

TUYCK. 


Sub- Tribe  8.— Macropliyllini. 

The  genera  of  this  sub-tribe  were  known  only  from  Africa, 
Australia,  and  Polynesia,  until  the  discovery  of  Fhobclus  Lee,  a 
Californian  genus,  allied,  apparently,  to  the  South  African  IVys- 
axri  P]r.,  the  characters  of  which  are  very  indefinitely  made  known; 
but,  from  the  difference  of  locality,  the  two  genera  cannot  be  sup- 
posed to  be  identical. 

The  only  character  by  which  this  sub-tribe  is  distinguished 
from  the  preceding  is  that  the  ventral  segments  are  not  connate. 
The  anterior  coxie  are  a  little  more  prominent,  and  the  side  pieces 
of  the  raetathorax  are  equally  wide. 

The  generic  characters  of  Phobctus  are :  antennae  with  the  club 
of  the  male  3-jointed,  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the  antenna;  labrura 
transverse,  concave,  somewhat  emarginate ;  prothorax  margined 
in  front,  and  fringed  with  njembrane ;  claws  with  a  broad  tooth 
near  the  tip,  and  an  indistinct  one  near  the  base. 

The  species  are  robust  iu  form,  nearly  seven-tenths  of  an  inch 
long,  with  the  margins  of  the  thorax  and  body,  and  the  whole  of 
the  breast,  covered  with  very  long  hair;  the  elytra  are  glabrous, 
nearly  smooth,  with  a  deep  sutural  stria. 

In  rhobelua  comatus  the  anterior  part  of  the  thorax  is  clothed 
with  long  hairs,  and  the  antennae  are  9-jointed ;  in  F.  tedacens 


SCARAniEIDAE. 


141 


;^'>wm 


the  disk  of  the  thorax  is  free  from  hair,  and  the  antenna"  have 
ten  joints. 

Snb-Family  III.— SCARAB.EIDAE  PLEUROSTICTI. 

In  this  sub-family  the  abdominal  spiracles  are  arranged ;  the 
second  pair  in  the  membrane  connecting  the  dorsal  and  ventral 
segments,  the  third  on  the  outer  limit  of  the  membrane,  and  the 
others  in  the  dorsal  portion  of  the  ventral  segment.s ;  the  last  two 
pairs  diverge  strongly,  and  are  usually  visible  on  the  sides  of  the 
abdomen,  below  the  elytra,  which  do  not  cover  the  pygidiuni. 
The  clypeus  is  sometimes  prolonged,  but  rarely  conciive,  as  in 
most  Melolonthida),  and  in  many  the  mandi'des,  though  alwiiys 
short,  project  beyond  the  clypeus.  The  mentum  is  sometimes 
quadrate,  sometimes  pointed,  with  the  ligula  always  corneouh  iind 
connate;  antenna)  9-  or  10-jointed,  with  the  club  8-j()inted,  rarely 
elongated  in  the  males;  the  cpiniera  of  the  mesothorax  reach  the 
coxie,  and  are  variable  in  form;  the  tarsi  arc  perfect,  and  the 
onychium  is  distinct. 

Three  tribes,  separated  by  the  following  characters,  exist;  in 
all  of  them  the  last  spiracle  is  placed  on  the  suture  between  the 
fifth  ventral  segment  and  the  propygidium,  which  are  closely  (con- 
nate, and  is  usually  nearer  the  anterior  than  the  posterior  uuiraii!, 
though  in  certain  genera  of  the  third  tribe  the  reverse  is  the  case. 

Claws  of  tlie  tarsi  unequal.  Rutelim. 
Claws  of  the  tarsi  equal ; 

Anterior  cox;c  transverse,  not  prominent.  Dykastlm. 

Anterior  coxse  conical,  prominent.  Cktokiim. 


r-n 


.V  ,'::>:"^>; 


Tribe  I.-RIITEMNI. 

These  insects  have  entirely  the  form  of  certain  Melolonthida', 
and  are  only  distinguished  from  them  by  the  position  of  tiie  spir- 
acles, and  the  unequal  size  of  the  tarsal  claws,  which  are  chelate. 
In  our  genera  the  tarsi  are  short,  with  the  joints  cylindrical  and 
closely  connected;  the  epimera  of  the  mesothorax  have  in  somi> 
genera  a  tendency  to  ascend  between  the  thorax  and  elytra,  as  in 
Cetonia ;  the  side  pieces  of  the  metathorax  are  narrow,  with  the 
epimera  visible.  The  species  live  on  leaves  of  trees;  some  nn; 
ornamented  with  metallic  colors,  and  one  of  them,  FlusioUs  ylo- 


'         .       ..I 


112 


COLEOPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


riosa,  from  the  coi)i)er-niiiies  of  tbc  Gila,  of  a  pale  Rreen  color, 
with  the  margins  of  all  the  parts  of  the  body  and  broad  stripes 
oil  the  elytra  of  a  pure  polislied  gold  color,  is  the  most  beautiful 
Coleopterous  insect  known  to  me. 

But  two  groups  are  found  in  our  country,  and  in  both  the 
labrum  is  horizontal,  short,  and  sinuate,  and  the  mcntum  cpiadrate. 


Elytra  with  a  membranous  margin. 
Elytra  without  membranous  margin. 


Anomaly. 

RUTELX. 


M 


M^ 


•'i".' 


'j 


V. 
' . '" '  '^- 1  \ 


■it 


/.'- 


Ai" 


i* 


M 


Group  I.— Anomalas. 

These  insects  are  of  small  size,  have  O-jointed  antenna;,  and  the 
mandibles  in  repose  do  not  project  beyond  the  clypeus.  Only 
two  genera  occur  in  our  fauna,  and  neither  has  yet  been  found  on 
the  maritime  Pacific  slope  of  the  continent.  One  of  the  anterior 
and  middle  claws  is  cleft  in  all  of  our  species. 

A.  Epimera  of  the  mesothorax  inferior;  elytra  not  eniarginate  at  base  ; 

Prosternum  not  prominent  behind  the  coxie. ;  clypeus  parabolic. 

Anomala. 

B.  Epiraera  of  the  mesothorax  ascending;  elytra  eniarginate  at  base; 

Clypeus  parabolic  ;  prothorax  sulcate  or  impressed.    Strigoderma. 

The  species  of  the  last-named  genus  have  the  elytra  flattened 
and  deeply  sulcate;  but  two  are  included  in  our  territory. 

Group  II.— Rutelee. 

Insects  of  moderately  large  size,  having  10-jointed  antennae, 
and  prominent  mandibles;  none  have  yet  been  found  on  the  Pa- 
cific slope.  Our  genera  belong  to  the  sub-groups  Pelidnot*  and 
Areodaa,  both  having  the  thorax  margined  at  base,  and  may  be 
tabulated  thus,  all  of  our  species  having  entire  simple  claws : — 

Clypeus  separated  from  the  front  by  a  suture.  rELIDN()T.il3. 

Mandibles  externally  bidentate  at  tip.  PKLin.voTA. 

Mandibles  not  toothed  externally.  I'ia-.siotis. 

Clypeus  not  separate  from  the  front.  AREOD^E. 

Last  joint  of  tarsi  without  any  inferior  prominence.  Cotalpa. 

Pelidnota  is  represented  only  by  the  common  P.  punctata,  a 
reddish-yellow  insect,  with  three  black  spots  on  each  elytron ; 
Plusiotis  by  the  species  from  the  Gila  River  before  mentioned; 
Cotalpa  by  the  common  C.  lanigcra,  of  a  pale  yellow  color  above, 
with  a  golden  reflection,  beneath  dark  metallic  green,  covered 
with  white  hair;    C.  granicoUis  Ilald.,  a  smaller,  coarsely  punc-  v 


SCARAB.'EIPAE. 


143 


lurrd,  and  more  hairy  species,  of  a  dark  green  color,  witii  reddish- 
brown  elytra,  is  found  in  Uluh. 

The  genus  Antichira  {Macranjn's  McLcay)  may  be  expected 
to  occur  in  Texas;  a  species  is  found  in  the  neighboring  parts 
of  Mexico,  and  is  oblong,  of  u  brilliant  emerald-green  metallic 
colur.  It  will  be  known  by  the  thorax  not  nuirginod  l)eliind,  and 
the  very  large  scutellum.     It  belongs  to  the  group  Autichirui. 


|^^.i»W^il 


>V.'f.1 


■-■■  H': 


H, 


^i 


■■-rt 


i 


a 


Tribe  H.— DYXASTIXI. 

Insensible  transitions  through  foreign  genera  connect  closely 
this  tril)C  with  the  preceding,  but  those  found  in  our  fauna  will 
not  produce  much  dilliculty  in  the  mind  of  the  student. 

The  mentum  is  usually  narrowed  and  subacuniinate  in  front, 
rarely  truncate.  The  claws  of  the  tarsi  arc  equal,  and  simple, 
except  in  the  male  of  Lifjiirun  relictus,  where  the  inner  claw  of 
the  anterior  tarsi  is  thickened,  dilated,  and  suddenly  incurved, 
and  in  Polyma'chns  Lee,  where  the  outer  claw  of  the  middle 
and  hind  tarsi  of  the  male  is  armed  with  a  strong  tooth.  The 
labrum,  always  visible  in  the  preceding  tribe,  is  here  almost  in- 
visible, and  sometimes  in  part  membranous. 

This  tribe,  among  its  foreign  members,  numbers  the  largest 
Coleoptcra  existing;  some  of  the  genera  are  remarkable  for  the 
size  and  form  of  horns  on  the  thorax  and  head  of  the  nuiles. 

Organs  of  stridulation  are  found  in  many  genera;  they  consist 
of  rugose  spaces,  usually  on  the  propygidium,  sometimes  on  the 
inner  surface  of  the  elytra.  The  fifth  ventral  segment  and  the 
propygiilium  arc  connate,  and  the  spiracle  is  on  the  suture  nearer 
the  anterior  than  the  posterior  margin. 

The  sub-tribes  represented  in  our  fauna  arc  as  follows : — 

Labial  j^alpi  inserted  at  tlie  sides  of  tlie  mentum  ; 

Head  and  prothorax  unarmed  in  lioth  sexes.  CYci.dCF.riiAi.r.M. 

Head  and  prothorax  armed,  or  at  least  tuborculate,  in  butli  ,se.\es  ; 

Anterior  feet  of  the  males  not  elongated.  OKYCTi.Nt. 

Anterior  feet  of  the  males  elongated.  Dy.nasti.m. 

Labial  palpi  inserted  behind  the  mentum.  I'iiileurini. 

Sub-Tribe  1.— Cyclocephalini. 

But  two  genera  of  this  sub-tribe  exist  in  our  fauna ;  they  have 
the  ai)pearance  of  MelolonthidiP.  and  are  readily  distinguished 
from  the  following  sub-tribes  by  the  thorax  and  head  being  en- 


I 


'^^  ■'';>?; 


'  •-  '  ^\i  ■ 


M^^x:-:] 


M.n^''*^i 


■  *. 


if' 


'■4 


Bin 


144 


ruLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


tirt'ly  (Icstitulc  of  tul)erclos,  and  by  the  clypciis  being  flat,  para- 
bolic and  finely  margined;  the  mandibles  project  bnt  slighlly, 
and  are  not  toothed  externally.  The  males  have  the  fifth  joint 
of  the  anterior  tarsi  much  eidarged,  and  the  elul)  of  the  antenme 
is  sometimes  longer  than  in  the  female.  Slridulating  organs  none  ; 
posterior  tibiie  not  festooned  nor  expanded  at  tip;  mentuni  trun- 
cate in  front;  antennus  10-jointed  (0-jointed  only  in  certain  species 
of  Cyelocephala) ;  the  thorax  is  oidy  |)artially  margined  at  tlio 
base;  the  prosternum  is  prominent  behind  the  coxuj;  the  tar^i 
are  cylindrical. 

Our  two  genera  have  the  mcsosternum  scarcely  visiljle  between 
the  middle  coxa3 ;  Cyelocephala  has  the  mandibles  narrow,  scarcely 
curved  ;  Chalepns  has  them  broad,  rounded  extcrinilly,  and  curved. 

Cyelocephala  is  generally  diU'used;  Chalepus  has  not  yet  been 
found  on  the  Pacific  slope. 


'  -  ■-■>'-■•;"*■• 


Sab-Tribe  2.— Oryctini. 

The  insects  of  this  sub-tribe  vary  much  in  size  and  form,  l)ut 
have  the  following  characters  in  common: — 

Labial  palpi  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  raentum;  mandibles 
prominent,  usually  toothed  externally;  head  more  or  less  tuber- 
culate  (e.\ccpt  in  Strategus),  always  with  some  elevations,  some- 
times armed  with  a  horn ;  thorax  usually  tuberculate  or  horned  ; 
anterior  feet  not  elongate  in  the  males;  clypeus  not  parabolic, 
but  rather  triangular,  reflcxed  with  one  or  two  small  apical  teeth  ; 
mcntum  narrowed  in  front ;  posterior  tibiaa  expanded  at  the  ex- 
tremity (except  in  Polymcechus),  sometimes  digitate;  first  joint 
of  hind  tarsi  more  or  less  elevated  at  its  upper  extremity.  Stridu- 
lating  organs  are  found  except  in  Aphonus  and  Polymcechus. 

The  sexual  characters  arc  usually  in  the  greater  development 
of  horns  or  tubercles  in  the  male,  rarely  (Ligyrus  relidus)  in 
the  thickening  of  the  outer  claw  of  the  anterior  tarsi ;  and,  in 
Polymcechus,  in  the  elongation  of  the  antennal  club,  and  the  outer 
claws  of  the  middle  and  hind  tarsi  being  armed  with  a  strong 
tooth. 

Throe  groups  are  represented  : — 

Posterior  tibia;  expanded  (sometimea  but  slightlj)  at  the  extremity,  trun- 
cate, and  ciliate ; 
Auteuuoi  alike  iu  both  sexes.  Fentodoktes. 


ec.vn.vij.TiDAE.  •  Ui"! 

Cliil)  (if  iiiitciiii.T  fl()nj,'at(.'(l  in  tin;  in.iU>.  OuYi'TOMonriii. 

I'osturior  tibia)  digitate  or  featooiied  at  the  extremity.  UuYi  raa. 

Group  I.— Pentodontes. 

Moderato-Hizcil,  ntbust,  convex  species,  Imving  the  head  slijrlitly 
tubereulato,  or  ratliei",  in  our  species,  witli  siiiuU  anterior  ridges 
or  teeth,  alike  in  both  sexes;  thorax  sometimes  witli  a  small  noute 
tubercle  near  tho  anterior  margin,  sometimes  entirely  uniform, 
convex. 

Two  genera  occur  in  our  fauna  :  Liiifyrus,  generally  dill'uscd ; 
Apliouus,  from  the  Atlantic  and  Central  districts. 

StriJiilating  organs  ou  the  iuuer  surface  of  the  elytra ;  mandiWes  toothed 

externally.  Lrdvucs. 

Stridulating  organs  entirely  wanting;  maudlMes  not  toothed.     Ai'iii>m>. 

For  the  description  of  our  species,  see  Proc.  Acad.  >'at.  iSci., 
Philadelphia,  YIII,  19. 

Group  II.— Oryctomorphl. 

I  would  refer  to  this  group  the  very  anomalous  genus  Polymre- 
chus  Lee*  although,  in  the  opinion  of  Prof.  Lacordairc,  it  may 
be  placed  in  the  sub-tribe  Cyclocephalaj,  near  Pachylus,  a  very 
anomalous  genus  found  in  IJrazil.  It  is  manifestly  a  transition 
form  from  Dynastini  to  Melolonthidte  ;  but,  on  aceouut  of  the 
form  of  the  clypeus,  which  is  trilobed,  strongly  margined,  with 
two  small  apical  teeth,  and  a  short  transverse  carina  each  side 
behind,  it  would  seera  to  belong  more  naturally  in  the  present 
sub-tribe,  with  which  also  tho  narrow  mentum  agrees.  It  resem- 
bles the  foreign  genera  of  this  group  in  having  the  olul)  of  the 
antenna}  elongated  in  tho  males,  but  dilfers  by  the  thorax  not 
impressed,  and  tho  strongly  toothed  outer  claw  of  the  middle  and 
hind  tarsi.  It  also  agrees  with  them  in  the  hind  tibia;  scarcely 
enlarged  at  the  extremity,  and  the  first  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  not 
elevated.  It  has  no  organs  of  stridulation.  The  mandibles  are 
not  toothed  externally. 

The  only  species,  P.  brevipes,  is  found  in  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania,  but  is  quite  rare.  It  is  ol)long-oval,  dark  brown, 
seven-tenths  of  an  inch  long,  with  the  elytra  punctured  in  rows, 
becoming  confused  towards  the  suture. 


!,j: 

' 

,    ;    -f* 

.. ; 

'              if 

< 

r- 


'•  .-■;! 


*  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Pliil.,  VIII,  2.3. 


I  .  :,' 


10 


.1 


m 


iu\ 


COLBOPTERA  OF  NOUTU  AMEUICA. 


f*roup  III.— Oryotes  (gi>nuini). 

Large  insects,  having,  in  our  gcneni,  the  niandil)lcs  prominent, 
anil  sonic'tinK's  tootlied  externally,  sometimes  8imi)lo ;  llie  middle 
and  lund  tarsi  expandfd  at  tip,  and  truncate  in  souu',  digitate  in 
otiiers ;  lirsl  joint  of  liind  tarsi  elevated.  Our  genera  posse.-s 
stridulating  organ.s,  covering  tlie  greater  jiart  of  tlie  propvgidiuni. 
Tl>e  iiead  is  liorned  in  (lie  male  and  tubereulate  in  tlio  female  of 
Xyloryetes,  l)ut  has  only  two  very  minute  tubercles  in  Strategus. 

MftiidiMes  not  toutlitvl  oxtcrnally. 
Miuiilibli'S  Mtroiigly  toothed. 


Xyi.ouyctks. 
Stkatecii'S. 


No  species  has  been  found  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 


*? 


Sub-Tribe  3.— Dyiiastini  (genuini). 

One  species,  Dynastes  Titi/titf,  of  large  size,  found  in  the  South- 
ern States,  alone  represents  this  sub-tribe  in  our  fauna.  It  is  of 
a  greenish-gray  color,  with  black  spots  scattered  irregularly  over 
the  elytra.     The  characters  of  the  tribe  are: — 

Labial  palpi  inserted  on  the  sides  of  the  mcntum,  which  is  acu- 
minate in  front;  mandibles  prominent;  head  armed  with  horns  in 
the  male,  tubereulate  in  the  fcnnilc ;  thorax  horned  in  the  nuile. 
simple  and  not  impressed  in  the  fennile;  anterior  feet  longer  in 
the  males.  In  Dynastes  the  lirst  joint  of  the  posterior  tarsi  is 
not  elevated,  and  there  arc  no  stridulating  organs. 


;■»■   •'■.■:A'.'» 


1®' 


m 


In 
till  i 


Sub-Tribe  4.— Pliilcurini. 

This  sub-tribe,  of  which  we  possess  but  the  genus  Phileurns,  is 
at  once  distinguished  from  the  others  by  tlie  labial  paljji  inserted 
bclund  the  mentum.  Other  characters  are:  the  niandildes  promi- 
nent; head  and  prothorax  alike  in  both  sexes,  the  former  with 
two  short  horns  or  tubercles,  the  latter  tubereulate  in  our  species, 
tliough  not  so  in  certain  foreign  ones;  legs  alike  in  both  sexes; 
hind  tibiie  digitate  or  truncate  at  tip,  not  expanded;  first  joint 
of  hind  tarsi  elevated ;  stridulating  organs  on  the  inner  surface 
of  the  elytra,  along  tlie  lateral  margin. 

Li  I'hileurus  the  mentum  is  of  moderate  size,  oval,  slightly 
eniarginate  in  front,  and  the  first  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  is  pro- 
longed into  a  spine  at  the  extremity. 

Four  species  are  known  in  our  fauna,  one  of  which,  P.  raJcjus, 


111  i 


SC.VIIAII.KID.VE. 


1  r, 


is  iilst)  fniniil  in  Scuitli  Amcricn ;  of  llic  otliors,  P.  Irnn<'nt\i.*  in- 
Imbits  tliu  iSoutliiTU  Matos,  1\  vribru/nin  Ti'Xiis,  and  J'.  illu(n.< 
Culirornia. 

Tri).f  rii.-rFTO\"ii:\'i. 

In  ftililitii)U  ti)  the  ('(iiiioal  proiniin'iit  anterior  roxio,  tliis  tribe 
is  (listinjruisiiccl  liy  the  (((.•{•urrt'iice  in  it  of  ccrtiiin  pccnliaritit's 
not  fouiul  at  all,  or  only  oxci'i»llonally,  in  tiio  other  tribes  of 
pleurostieti. 

In  tlie  majority  of  cfenera  the  mandibles  arc  feebly  dev(do])ed, 
and  in  jrreat  part  mcnibranons;  tliey  and  the  labrnin  are  alwuy-s 
under  liie  elypeiis;  tiie  anlennie  are  always  lO-joiiited,  with  ;j- 
jolnted  chili;  the  inleriial  lobe  of  the  maxilluj  is  obsolete;  the 
elytra  do  not  cover  the  pygidium,  and  the  opipleura*  are  not 
(listinet;  the  side  jiioees  of  the  mesothorax  are  large,  and  ascend 
between  the  thorax  and  base  of  the  elytra  so  as  to  be  usnally 
visible  from  above;  the  last  pair  of  spiracles  is  situated  on  the 
suture  between  the  connate  liflh  ventral  and  propygidinni,  bnt  is 
variable  In  position,  being  sometimes  near  the  jiosterior  margin, 
sometimes  near  the  anterior  one;  the  chnvs  are  always  e(|iial  and 
simple,  with  a  distinct  onyehiiim,  which,  however,  is  very  small 
in  Cremastochilus ;  the  ventral  segments  are  six.  not  connate, 
although  very  slightly  movable ;  the  mesosternum  Is  usually  pro- 
minent between  the  coxa^;  the  side  pieces  of  the  nietutliorax  are 
varial)le  in  size,  but  the  ei)imera  are  always  vlsil)le.  The  genuine 
Cetoniio,  in  flying,  do  not  raise  or  expand  the  elytra,  as  most 
Coleoptera  do,  but  pass  the  wings  out  from  the  side,  under  the 
elytra,  which  do  not  embrace  at  all  the  sides  of  the  body. 

IJoth  sub-tribes  are  found  in  our  fauna. 


i 

•••1 


Kpimera  of  the  mesothor.nx  visilile  from  Jiliovo. 
Epimuia  of  tlie  mesotliorax  not  visiblo  from  above. 


Cetoniiki, 
Tkicuii.m. 


ilauf'. 


Sub-Tribe  1.— Cetoiiiini  (geiiuiiii). 

The  elytra  in  the  genera  here  placed  are  always  sinuate  on  tlie 
side,  and  the  mesosternum  Is  almost  always  prominent;  tiie  e])i- 
mera  of  the  mesothorax  ascend  between  the  prothorax  and  elytra, 
and  are  visible  from  above.  The  foreign  genera  exhiliit  an  intri- 
cate network  of  atlinities,  which  all  the  labor  of  IJurmelster  and 
Lacordaire  hj\s  failed  to  represent  In  a  synoptic  form;  our  fauna 
is  so  limited,  however,  that  our  groups  may  be  thus  defined:^ — 


^^■■■'r^i-'C; 

'    ';     -'■■    ■..*   ,  >'. 

i.    ,-  •  ••■  ^ 

• .  •    ■'} 

'mm 

■    <  ■  -  ■  '»! 

:/,'<'-\NJ 

,  •:    .'■'vi.SJ 

■  ^  :  •'■  ■■:i 

A 

•fe^'.k^ 


%'>f 


148 


COLEOrTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Mandibles  feeble,  in  groat  part  moiubranou.s ;  last  spiracle  midway  between 
the  anterior  and  posterior  margin  of  the  segment ; 

Prothorax  lobed  at  the  base,  covering  the  scutellum.  Gymnetes. 

Scuteilum  not  covered  by  the  thorax.  Cetoni^. 

Ma'i.iibieh  with  the  outer  part  thickened  ;  last  spiracle  near  the  posterior 

:iiargiu  of  the  segment,  the  suture  nearly  effaced.  Ckemastocuiu. 


fm' 


kit 


■i  -^ 


\u 


m. 


l>     ^  J.'  I?  > 


ft" 


Group  I.— Gymnetes. 

But  two  genera  of  this  group  occur  in  our  fauna.  Allorhina 
having  tlie  clypeus  armed  with  a  short  horn ;  Gymnetis  with  the 
clypous  flat. 

Allorhina  nilida  extends  over  the  Atlantic  slope,  and  is  a 
well-l\nown  green,  velvt-ty  insect,  nearly  an  inch  long,  somewhat 
pointed  in  front,  with  the  sides  of  the  tii(tra.\  and  elytra  usually 
brownish  yellow.  Other  species  will  probably  be  found  in  oar 
southwestern  territories. 

Oymnetis  Salhi  is  found  in  Louisiana,  Texai,  and  Mexico. 
It  is  a  beautiful  velvety,  olive-colored  insect,  of  the  same  form 
as  Allorhina,  three-fourths  of  an  inch  long,  variegated  with  pale 
yellow  marks,  whidi  unite  on  the  niai'gin  of  the  thorax  and  elytra. 

No  species  of  this  group  has  yet  been  found  ou  the  Pacific 
slope. 

Group  11. — Cetonias. 

Our  species,  although  arranged  by  Burmeister  in  three  genera 
— Euphoria,  Erirhipis,  and  Stephanucha — have  been  united  by 
Lacordair'*  with  other  foreign  forms,  and  for  the  combiuod  genus 
he  retains  the  name  Em-yomia,  distinguished  from  the  other  genera 
by  the  miixillae  not  toothed,  and  the  clypeus  usually  paraboli. , 
sometimes  parallel,  and  rarely  emaiginate  in  front.  They  are  all 
of  moderate  size,  nearly  parallel  behind,  and  pointed  in  front. 

None  iiave  yet  been  found  on  the  racKic  slope. 

Group  III.— Cremastochili. 

liesidcg  the  greater  development  of  the  mandibles,  and  the 
position  of  the  last  spiracle  near  tlie  posterior  extremity  of  the 
obliterated  suture  bcuween  the  fifth  vential  and  propygidium,  the 
mentum  iu  our  spc  ,ies  affects  a  very  unusual  form ;  it  is,  in  fact, 
a  large  cup-shap'd  body  sometimes  acute  behind,  sometimes  in- 
cised, but  passiiig  by  gradation  from  one  to  the  other  form.  The 
ncsoatcnMu  is  not  protuberant. 


BrrnESTiTiAE. 


Hi) 


The  species  are  elongate,  dull  black  ur  brown,  coarsely  punc- 
tured insects,  with  the  u]ipfT  surface  flattened,  and  cntirel}'  desti- 
tute of  the  varied  colors  Avhicli  render  the  species  of  the  two 
previous  groups  so  ornamental. 

I  regard  our  speeies  as  all  belonging  to  one  genus,  Crerna- 
stochilus,  althougli  the  differences  in  form  of  the  menlum  are 
considerable;  rsiluonemus  Burm.  is  one  of  these  variant  forms, 
but  is  established  on  a  species  (P.  hucoi'fivta)  unknown  to  me. 

True  Cremastoehilus,  having  the  mfntum  deeply  concave,  and 
incised  behind,  is  confined  to  the  Atlantic  slope,  as  far  as  the 
Platte  River;  the  groii])s  \vi*h  the  nientum  pointed  behind  are 
distributed  from  the  Tlatte  River  to  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Sub-Tribe  2.— Trichiini. 

These  insects  are  readily  distinguished  by  the  side  pieces  of 
the  mesothorax  not  rising  so  as  to  be  visible  above,  and  by  the 
elytra  not  being  sinuate  on  the  sides:  the  thorax  is  narrower  than 
the  elytra,  and  usually  rounded  on  the  sides,  giving  the  insects  a 
difierent  appearrnce  from  those  of  the  preceding  sub-tribe;  the 
last  spiracle  is  nearer  the  anterior  than  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  segment  lU  Osmoderma,  about  the  middle  in  Triehius  and 
Gnofliiiiu,  and  near  the  posterior  margin  in  Valgus. 

No  species  of  this  sub-tribe  has  yet  been  found  on  the  Pacific 
slope. 

Our  four  genera  may  be  .hus  arranged,  none  having  the  meso- 
sternum  proluoerant: — 

roslerior  coxse  contiguous ; 

External  lobe  of  maxillae  corneous.  Osmoderma. 

External  lobe  of  maxillw  coiiaceous,  lamelliforra  : 

Elytra  longer  than  wide,  tlu.rax  sinuate  ai  base.  Gnoruicb. 

Elytra,  u"*  longer  than  wide,  thorax  rounded  at  base.  TKitjiiDB. 

Posterior  eo-Xc-B  widely  separat-^d.  Vakjus. 

I  nave  strong  doubts  whether  Gnorimus  should  be  retairiod  as 
distinct  from  Triehius. 


!'■         *.  .I 


^. 


>^.>   ■ 


■~\f- 


Fam.  XXXIIL— BUPRESTIDAE. 

Mentnra  moderate,  subquadratc,  or  triangular,  sometimes 
transverse,  the  anterior  ]iart  in  many  genera  nembranous; 
ligula  i'requeatly  not  promiaent;  labial  palpi  short,  3  joiiited. 


i 


\--'i 


5  {ir 


If. 


f': 


150 


coleoptf.ua  of  north  amekica. 


Maxilla)  exposed  at  the  base,  with  ciliatc,  'inarmed  lobes ; 
palpi  short,  4-jointcd. 

Antennaj  inserted  upon  the  front,  lljointed,  serrate,  the 
outer  joints  usually  furnished  with  pore.s,  which  are  dillused 
on  the  sides,  or  concentrated  in  a  fovea  on  the  inferior  margin 
or  at  its  extremity. 

Head  immersed  in  the  thorax  to  the  eyes,  which  are  ellip- 
tical, and  never  emarginate;  labrum  small,  prominent;  man- 
dibles short,  stout. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate  from  the  upper 
piece;  coxal  cavities  separated  by  tlie  iirosternum,  widely 
open  behind;  prosternutn  prolonged  behind,  fitting  into  the 
mesosternum,  or  even  the  metasternum. 

Meso.sternum  short,  excavated,  so  that  the  visible  part  is 
frequently  divided  into  two  portions,  which  comj)lete  the 
anterior  coxal  cavities;  side  pieces  large,  diagonally  divided; 
epimera  narrowly  attaining  the  coxte. 

Metasternum  Avith  the  side  pieces  narrow;  epimera  visible. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen,  or  leaving  only  the  pygi- 
dium  exposed;  epipleurai  narrow  ;  wings  large. 

Abdomen  with  five  ventral  segments,  the  first  and  securd 
connate,  the  others  free;  the  fifth  joint  frequently  emarginate 
in  the  males,  leaving  a  small  sixth  joint  visible. 

Anterior  coxre  separate,  small,  globular,  received  between 
the  pro-  and  mesosternum,  with  the  trochantin  distinct; 
middle  coxx  separate,  globular,  with  the  trochantin  distinct; 
posterior  coxiv  transverse,  usually  nearly  contiguous,  con- 
cave behind,  dilated  into  a  plate  partially  covering  the 
femora  when  retracted. 

Legs  short;  tibito  usually  slender,  with  two  small  terminal 
spurs;  tarsi  5  jointed,  the  first  four  joints  with  more  or  less 
developed  membranous  appendages  beneath;  onychium  none. 

The  species  of  this  family  are,  in  general,  elongate  in  form,  and 
ornamented  with  metallic  colors;  the  lame  perforate  the  stems  of 
living  plants,  and  the  perfect  insects  are  found  partly  on  flowers, 
partly  sunning  themselves  on  trees,  during  the  hotter  seasons  of 
the  year. 

A  monograph  of  the  species  bolonginjr  to  our  fauna  has  been 
published  by  me  in  the  Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophi- 
cal Soeiotv,  vol.  XI,  in  which,  with  slight  modifications,  I  adopted 
the  eiassKieatioM  of  Lacurdaire;  the  charaet.ers  of  the  groups  have 
been  fartlier  modified  by  the  views  of  Duval,  and  the  divisions 
here  pr<rpo8ed  are  based  upon  renewed  observations,  though  the 


i 


nrPRESTIPAE. 


ir.i 


groups  tlicms'ilvcs  arc  scarcely  dillVioit  from  lliose  previously 
iidopt(!d  by  me. 

1  would  arrange  the  groups  represented  iu  our  fauna  into  llie 
following  tril)es : — 

A.  lliud  coxa)  with  tlio  i)lates  distinctly  dih'ted  iiiti'i-iially,  cut  ofT  externally 

by  the  prolongation  of  the  abdomen  ;  their  anterior  luargiu  straight, 

the  hiud  margin  ol)lique  ; 
Mesosternum  divided.  Bcpuestint. 

Mesosternum  emarginate,  not  divided.  TiiKixfoi'vciiM. 

B.  Hind  coxsf.  with  the  plate.s  scarcely  dilated  internall}' ; 

FriMit  not  narrowed  by  the  iusertiou  of  the  iiutcnna  :  thorax  truncate 

at  base ; 

Mesosternum  emarginate,  not  divided.  Ji'lomni. 

Mesosternum  scanuly  visible.  IlAri.osTKTiiiNi. 

Front  narnjwcd  by  the  insertion  of  the  autenuiB  ;  thorax  lobed  at  the 

Aguilim. 


V.' 


'■);:■  * 


^1^ 

M 


Tribe  I.— BIIPRESTI-\'I. 

The  front  is  us  tally  not  contracted  by  the  insertion  of  the 
antohaL' ,  but  in  Chrysobothres  is  as  much  so  as  in  the  tribe  Agri- 
lihi  ;  t'lo  prosternum  is  sometimes  obtusely,  sometimes  acutely 
angulated  on  the  sides,  behind  the  v  >xx,  and  its  lateral  sutures 
arc  obliciue  ;  the  mesosternum  is  always  divided,  so  that  the 
cavity  for  the  reception  of  the  prosternum  is  formed  both  by  the 
meso-  and  metasternum ;  the  side  pieces  of  the  latter  are  always 
visible,  and  the  opimera  are  triangular,  with  the  hind  margin 
sometimes  straight,  and  applied  to  the  coxa",  sometimes  partly 
covered  by  tlie  prolongation  of  the  abdomen,  which  intervenes 
between  the  coxaj  aud  the  margin  of  the  body.  The  hind  coxa? 
are  broader  internally ;  their  anterior  margin  is  straight  and 
transverse;  the  hind  margin  is  oblique.  The  antennal  ]»ores  are 
diffused  on  the  sides  of  the  joints  in  the  first  group,  concentrated 
in  marginal  foveae  in  the  others.  The  species  are  more  or  less 
flattened  in  form. 

Our  gioups  are  the  following; — 

Epimera  of  metathorax  triangular,  uncovered  ;  prost^nmm  obtusely  angu- 
lated behind  the  coxa' ; 

Mesosternum  and  metastenium  closely  united.  CiiAi.rornon.*. 

Mesosternal  suture  distinct.  Bi'pdkstks. 

Epimera  of  metathorax  partly  covered  by  abdomen ;  prosternum  acutely 
angulated  behind  the  cox«> ; 

Front  not  contracted  by  insertion  of  antenna'.  ANTnAXLiE. 

Front  contracted  by  iusertiou  of  auteunae.  Cubtsobotukes. 


'  1 ' 


f 


M 


153 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


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ill  I 


■1). 


■  •-  -v.  I? 


Group  I.— Chalcophoras. 

Insects  of  large  size,  readily  known  by  the  antennal  pores  being 
(lifl'iisod  on  the  sides  of  the  joints,  but  sometimes  only  near  the 
iul'erior  margin,  and  by  the  mesosternul  suture  being  indislinct. 

C'luilcoi)hora  Is  generally  distributed  through  our  territory,  and 
some  of  the  species  are  abundant  in  the  Middle  States ;  the  other 
two  genera  are  found  in  Texas,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona.  The 
male  of  Chalcophora  has  a  distinct  sixth  ventral  segment. 

Aiitennfo  inserted  under  a  ridge ;  mentum  rounded  in  front ;  posterior  tarsi 
with  the  first  joint  elongated.  Oyascl-tuh. 

Antennne  inserted  in  small  fove.T ;  mentum  broadly  emarginate  in  front ; 
posterior  tarsi  with  the  first  joint  elongated.  Ciiai.cojmioua. 

Autenu.-B  inserted  in  large  foveip  ;  mentum  hroadly  rounded  in  front ;  pos- 
terior tarsi  with  the  drst  joint  not  elongated.  rsiLorTURA. 

Group  II.— Buprestes. 

Species  of  moderate  size  and  usually  of  elongate  form ;  the 
antennal  cavities  are  small,  aiul  the  front  is  not  lobed  before  the 
antcnniP ;  the  pores  of  the  latter  are  placed  in  fovete  situated  on 
the  inferior  margin  of  the  joints,  except  in  Cinyra,  where  they  are 
terminal.  The  species  of  Dieerca  and  Pcecilonota  are  of  a  dull 
bronze  color;  some  are  abutidant;  they  are  remarkable  for  the 
tips  of  the  elytra  more  or  less  prolonged,  forming  a  kind  of  tail. 
Sexual  characters  vary  in  the  diflerent  genera,  and  in  the  groups 
of  species  of  each  genus ;  they  are  found  in  the  form  of  the  ante- 
rior or  middle  tibia;,  in  the  outline  of  the  tip  of  the  fifth  ventral 
segment.  I  have  not  observed  a  distinct  external  sixth  segment 
in  the  male  of  any  species.  Picerca  and  Ancylochira  are  gene- 
rally diffused ;  the  other  two  genera  are  not  yet  found  west  oi' 
Platte  River. 


Prosternum  obtusely  rounded  behind ; 
Wentum  entirely  corneous ; 
Seutellum  small,  rounded. 
Scutellum  very  transverse,  truncate. 
Meiitimi  membranous  anteriorly. 
Prosternuin  acute  at  tip. 


DrCEECA. 

i'ojcilonota. 
Ancylochika, 

ClNYUA. 


Group  III.— Anthaxiae. 

Species  of umnll  size,  usually  flatlened,  rarely  linear;  the  pro- 
sternum  is  acutely  angulaled  on  the  sides  behind  the  coxie,  and 


!p^i| 


BLTRESTIDAE. 


153 


acute  nt  tip;  the  racsosternum  is  consequently  narrowly  divided; 
the  suture  sepurating  it  from  the  metasteniuni  is  distinct;  the 
antennal  pores  are  placed  in  foveiu  at  the  extremity  of  the  inferior 
margin  of  the  joints;  the  front  is  not  lobed  before  the  antennae. 

Dut  two  genera,  both  diffused  over  our  whole  territory,  are 
found  in  our  fauna : — 

Meiiturn  coriaceou.s  in  front;  prothorax  sinuate  at  bahc.      Mi:LANoriiiLA. 
Mentum  entirely  corneous  ;  prothoiax  truncate  at  base.  A.mhaxia. 

The  sculpture  of  Anthaxia  is  peculiar,  consisting  on  the  head 
and  thorax  of  shallow  punctures,  with  the  iuterveuing  lines  form- 
ing a  fine  network. 

Group  IV.— ChryBobothreB. 

This  is  the  first  of  the  groups  in  which  the  antenna;  are  inserted 
at  the  inner  extremity  of  two  short  obli(pie  grooves,  by  which  the 
front  is  narrowed ;  before  these  grooves  it  again  is  widened,  and 
the  anterior  margin  is  emarginate  in  an  angular  form,  so  as  to 
produce  a  bilobed  appearance.  The  mentum  is  corneous  at  liase, 
membranous  at  apex ;  the  prosternum  is  acutely  angulated  on  the 
sides  behind  the  coxic,  and  is  also  acute  at  tip;  the  mesostcrnum 
is  larger  than  usual,  and  only  narrowly  divided ;  the  scutellum, 
small  in  all  the  preceding  groups,  is  here  large  and  acuminate; 
each  elytron  is  rounded  or  subangulated  at  base,  and  enters  the 
base  of  the  thorax,  which  thus  becomes  lobed.  The  anterior 
femora  in  our  species  are  strongly  toothed  ;  the  membranous  lobes 
of  the  first  and  second  joints  of  the  tarsi  are  obsolete. 

The  species  arc  of  a  rather  broad  and  usually  flattened  form, 
with  the  elytra  impressed  in  the  form  of  bands  or  spots,  sometimes 
of  a  brilliant  metallic  color;  the  sexual  dillerences  are  in  the  form 
of  the  anterior  or  middle  tibite,  and  in  the  tip  of  the  a))domen. 
The  species  of  Chrysobothris  are  numerous,  found  in  our  entire 
territory,  and  many  of  them  closuly  allied;  Acteuodes  is  found 
ou  the  Atlantic  slope,  from  New  Yorli  to  Texas.  We  have  now 
but  two  species  in  our  fauna;  but  as  tlu;  genus  is  well  represented 
in  Mexico,  other  species  may  be  expected  to  occur  in  Texas.* 
Third  joint  of  tarsi  truncate  ;  Liud  tarsi  with  the  first  joint  elongati'il. 

CUKY!<OH0THRI3. 


'■,'■•"■ 


*  MotBchulsky  (T3nli.  Mosc,  l?.")!),  II,  1P4)  has  dcscribt-d  BdUmnta  mV- 
foniicd.  Till'  otlicr  si)'icies  of  the  genus  known  inli;il)it  t\ie  Kast  linlics  an  I 
Mailairasiar.  It  is  distinguislud  lioni  Actcnodes  by  tlio  scutellum  being 
larg'j,  and  the  uietastL'nuim  .b'cply  emarginate. 


14 


sh ; 


S«il . 


ill 


'■   ■v-vi*H 


154 


COLEOI'TERA  OF  NOHTH  AMERICA. 


Tliird  joint  of  tarsi  much  prolon^'ed  at  tlie  side  ;  hind  tarsi  with  tho  first 
aud  secoud  joiuts  equal ;  scutollum  small.  Actemoues. 

Tribe  II.— THRIlVCOPYfJlNI. 

This  tribe  contains  hut  a  single  genus,  Tlirincopygc  Lcc,  with 
two  species  from  New  Mexico ;  the  general  form  is  elongate  and 
depressed. 

The  front  is  not  contracted  by  the  insertion  of  the  antenna; ; 
the  mandibles  are  short,  thick,  and  obtuse ;  the  mcntum  is  en- 
tirely corneous ;  the  autcnnal  pores  are  situated  in  small  marginal 
fovea;.  The  seutellum  is  distinct.  The  prosternum  is  broad,  with 
the  sutures  oblique  •  th  sides  are  not  angulated  behind  the  co.xa;, 
and  the  tip  is  obtusely  rounded,  fitting  into  the  emarginate  meso- 
sternum ;  the  mesosternal  suture  is  distinct.  The  hind  coxic  are 
just  as  in  the  preceding  tribe,  dilated  inwards,  with  the  anterior 
margin  straight,  the  posterior  oblique ;  the  epimcra  of  the  meta- 
thorax  are  triangular,  not  covered  at  all  by  the  abdomen.  The 
last  ventral  segment  has  a  deep  groove  running  around  the  sides 
aud  tip.     The  tarsi  are  broad ;  the  ungues  simple  and  distant. 

Tribe  III.— JULODIIVI. 

The  species  of  this  tribe  are  convex,  and  of  a  conical  form, 
narrowed  behind,  rarely  cylindrical  or  very  elongated ;  nearly  all 
are  clothed  with  erect  hair.  The  front  is  not  contracted  by  the 
insertion  of  the  antenna; ;  the  mentum  is  entirely  corneous ;  the 
antennal  pores  are  diffused  in  the  foreign  genus  Julodis,  but  con- 
tained in  marginal  fovete  in  our  genera.  The  thorax  is  truncate 
at  base,  and  closely  applied  to  the  elytra.  The  prosternum  is 
broad,  with  the  sutures  oblique  ;  the  sides  are  not  angulated  be- 
hind the  coxaj,  and  the  tip  is  obtusely  rounded.  The  mesosternum 
is  deeply  emarginate,  rarely  divided  ;  the  mesosternal  suture  some- 
times distinct,  sometimes  obsolete.  The  hind  coxa;  are  narrow, 
not  dilated  internally;  the  anterior  margin  is  straight  or  slightly 
concave,  the  hind  one  scarcely  oblique ;  externally  they  are  slightly 
wider  than  at  the  middle,  and  the  usual  prolongation  of  the  abdo- 
men, which  limits  them,  is  covered  by  the  elytra.  The  epimera 
of  the  metatho.  ^x  are  triangular  and  small,  but  not  covered  by 
the  abdomen.  I'he  first  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  is  elongated  in 
our  genera ;  the  claws  arc  either  simple  or  toothed. 


u: 


BUPRESTIDAE. 


1 


)J 


Our  fonr  genera  belong  to  tlie  group  Aonia>otlcriv,  and  might 
be  cunsidurod  as  typos  of  as  many  sub-groups. 

Hind  coxDB  with  the  anterior  m;irgiu  somewhat  concave  ;   side  pieces  of 
metathorax  not  covered  ;  stutellum  visible  ;  claws  simple.  Polvlesta. 

Hind  cox!e  with  tlie  anterior  iiiaigiu  straight ; 
Claws  with  a  broad  basal  tooth ; 

Scatellum  indistinct ;  side  pieces  of  metathorax  partly  visible. 

ACM.ICODERA. 

Scutellum  visible ;  side  pieces  of  metathorax  covered  by  the  elytra. 

Ptosima. 
Claws  simple  ;  scutellum  visible  ;  side  pieces  of  metathorax  visibK". 

Chuysoi'hana. 

Polycesta  and  Acmsieodera  are  found  on  both  sides  of  the  conti- 
nent, I'tosima  in  the  Atlantic  States,  and  Clirysophana  in  Oregon  ; 
the  last  genus  is  entirely  glaVn'ous  above,  the  others  are  clothed 
more  or  less  densely  with  erect  hair. 

Tribe  IV.— HAPLOSTETHINI. 

This  tribe  contains  but  a  single  species  from  the  Atlantic 
States,  Haplostelhus  suhcyaneus  Lee,  and  is  the  smallest  IJu- 
prestide  known.  The  form  is  cylindrical,  and  resembles  sume- 
what  certain  Acmajoderte;  the  color  is  bluish  l)lack. 

The  antenna  are  inserted  in  cavities  narrowing  the  front,  which 
does  not  expand  again  anteriorly,  as  in  the  next  triljc ;  the  mouth 
is  small,  deflexed,  but  not  applied  to  the  prosternum ;  the  mentuui 
is  entirely  corneous.  The  prothorax  is  truncate  at  base,  closely 
applied  to  the  elytra.  The  prosternum  is  broad,  truncate  before 
and  behind,  with  the  lateral  sutures  parallel.  The  mesosternum 
is  not  visible  ;  the  metasternum  is  broadly  truncate  in  front,  and 
applied  to  the  prosternum ;  the  cpimera  of  the  metasternum  an; 
triangular,  not  covered  by  the  abdomen.  The  hind  coxa;  arc  not 
dilated  inwards,  slightly  broader  outwards,  and  -extend  to  the 
elytra ;  the  anterior  margin  is  sliglitly  concave,  the  hind  one  not 
ol)lique.  The  legs  are  not  contractile ;  the  claws  are  broad'y 
toothed. 

Tribe  V.— ACiRItllVI. 

In  this  tribe  the  body  is  usually  slender,  sometimes,  however, 
very  broad  and  Hat;  in  both  cases  it  is  narrowed  behind.  Tlio 
species  are  found  on  leaves  and  flowers. 

The  front  is  strongly  narrowed  by  the  insertion  of  the  antenna), 


1-;'' 

;  ! 

•     f^ 

1 , 

'4 

'■•!» 

^: 


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m 


■  1  '\ 


m 


ir)6 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


anil  Is  then  expanded  again,  forming  two  diverging  lobes;  the 
anterior  piirt  of  tlie  head  is  vertieal ;  tlic  moutli  inferior,  and 
applied  to  the  prosternum  in  repose ;  the  mentum  is  large,  trian- 
gular, and  corneous.  The  prothorax  is  lobed  at  the  base,  receiv- 
ing the  convex  bases  of  tiie  elytra.  The  prosternum  is  broad  in 
front,  with  oblique  sutures,  euneate  behind,  and  scarcely  angulated 
behind  the  coxse ;  the  mesosternum  is  small,  completely  and  fre- 
quently widely  divided ;  the  metathoracic  cpimera  are  small,  and 
frequently  not  visible.  The  hind  coxae  are  but  slightly  dilated 
internally,  narrowest  at  the  middle,  and  broader  externally,  with 
the  anterior  margin  more  or  less  concave,  and  the  hind  margin 
not  oblique.  The  legs  are  contractile,  and  the  claws  are  strongly 
toothed,  or  even  cleft,  except  in  Taphrocerus,  where  they  are 
connate  at  base,  and  simple. 

Two  groups  exist  in  our  fauna,  as  follows : — 


AntenniB  free. 

Auteuuse  received  in  grooves. 


AoRILI. 
BlJACUES. 


Group  I.— Agrill. 

The  body  is  always  elongated ;  the  prosternum  is  pointed 
behind ;  the  anterior  and  middle  coxiE  are  separated  by  about 
the  same  distance ;  the  anterior  margin  of  the  hind  coxae  is  very 
distinctly  concave,  and  the  prolongation  of  the  abdomen  reaches, 
but  does  not  extend  along,  the  side  pieces  of  the  metathorax ; 
there  are  no  grooves  on  the  under  surface  of  the  prothorax,  for 
the  reception  of  the  antennaj ;  the  tarsi  are  long  or  moderate ; 
the  scutellum  is  transverse  and  acuminate  in  our  genera,  which 
are  but  two  in  number:  Agrilus  is  generally  difl'used ;  Coroebus 
is  represented  by  but  one  species,  C.  cogitans,  in  the  Atlantic 
States. 

Hind  tarsi  with  first  joint  scarcely  elongated.  CorjEbcs. 

Hind  tarsi  with  first  joint  as  long  as  the  three  following.  Agkilus. 

Group  II.— Braches. 

I  formerly  considered  this  as  identical  with  the  European  group 
Trachcs,  but  the  characters  are  sufficient  to  warrant  its  being 
placed  as  distinct.  The  body  is  rarely  elongated,  usually  broad 
and  ovate ;  the  middle  coxfe  are  a  little  more  distant  than  the 
anterior  ones,  and  the  mesosternum  is  very  widely  divided  ;  the 
prosternum  is  very  variable  in  form ;  the  anterior  margin  of  the 


TimOSCIDAE. 


l.-^T 


hind  coxa;  is  but  slightly  concave,  nnd  the  prolonjratinn  of  tlio 
ab(li)nuMi  extends  a  short  distance  along  the  side  pieces  of  tiie  nie- 
tathorax ;  the  sides  of  the  prothorax  beneath  are  deeply  grooved 
near  the  margin,  for  the  reception  of  the  antennie  ;  the  legs  are 
very  contractile,  the  tibia)  usually  sulcate  for  the  reception  of  the 
tarsi,  which  are  very  short ;  the  scutelluni  is  triangular.  Three 
of  the  four  forms,  which,  following  the  example  of  Lucorduire,  I 
considered  as  groups  of  species,  have  been  regarded  by  others  as 
genera,  and  may  bo  distinguished  as  follows : — 

Body  elongate  ;  scutellum  small ;  prosteruum  poiutud  behind. 

TArniiorEnrs. 
Body  ovate  ;  scutellum  small ;  prostemum  obtuse  behind  ;  tibia'  linear. 

BUACTIVS. 

Body  triangular ;  scutellum  large  ;  pro?t«i  uum  very  broad,  aluio.-^t  truncate 
behind;  tibia- dilated.  Metomi'.s. 


Fam.  XXXI v.— T imOSCIDAE. 


Mentura  small,  narrov\red  in  front;  ligula  membranous,  not 
prominent;  palpi  short,  3  jointed. 

Maxilhe  exposed  at  the  base,  with  two  lobes,  inner  one 
very  small;  palpi  4-jointecl. 

Antenna)  inserted  on  the  front,  received  in  grooves  extend- 
ing along  the  inferior  margin  of  the  protliorax,  11-jointed; 
sometimes  serrate,  sometimes  with  a  loose  serrate  o-joiutcd 
club. 

Head  immersed  in  the  thorax  to  the  eyes,  which  are  ellip- 
tical; mouth  inferior,  applied  to  the  prosternum;  mandibles 
small;  labrum  prominent. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate,  deeply  sulcate 
along  the  sternal  suture,  for  the  reception  of  the  antenna); 
coxal  cavities  small,  open  behind,  being  completed  by  the 
mesosternum;  prosternum  with  an  anterior  rounded  lob(3 
protecting  the  mouth,  prolonged  behind  into  a  flat  process 
received  in  the  mesosternum. 

Mesosternum  short,  excavated  in  the  middle  for  the  pro- 
sternum,  completing  on  each  side  the  anterior  coxal  cavities; 
side  pieces  very  transverse,  attaining  the  coxa). 

Metasternum  with  the  side  pieces  very  narrow. 

Elytra  entirely  covering  the  abdomen;  epipleura3  distinct. 

Abdomen  with  five  ventral  segments,  not  connate,  though 
closely  connected. 


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rOLEOriERA  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


Anterior  and  middle  coxte  small,  rounded,  not  prominent, 
without  trochantins,  the  anterior  ones  received  in  cavitiea 
formed  by  the  pro-  and  mesoaternum  ;  posterior  coxie  trans- 
verse, contiguous,  dilated  into  a  plate  partly  covering  the 
thighs. 

Legs  short, contractile;  tibiio  slender,  with  indistinct  spurs; 
tarsi  short,  5-jointed,  joints  1 — 4  furnished  beneath  with  long 
membranous  lobes ;  claws  simple,  onychium  none. 

This  family  contains  only  a  few  small  species  belonging  to  two 
genera,  representing  dilfcrent  tribes ;  they  are  found  on  flowers, 
and  have  been  classed  witii  Eucnoniida?  by  some  recent  authors, 
although  the  totally  dilferent  construction  of  the  anterior  coxal 
cavities  at  once  separates  them.  They  do  not  possess  the  power 
of  leaping,  like  most  species  of  the  next  family,  and  the  fixity  of 
the  prothorax  on  the  trunk  would  show  that  any  such  act  is  me- 
chanically impossible. 

Species  of  both  genera  are  found  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
slopes.     The  tribes  and  genera  are  distinguished  as  follows : — 


AnteniKP  terminated  by  a  3-jointe<l  club. 
Antennse  serra.     ''-om  the  third  joint  outwards. 


Throscus. 

TRArETKS. 


The  name  Tri.mgus  Kugcllann  has  priority  over  Throscus,  but 
being  applied  to  a  genus  composed  of  tlie  one  now  under  con- 
sideration and  By  turns,  it  must  be  dropped  for  both. 


Fam.  XXXV.— e lateridae. 


fXi 


Mentum  small,  corneous,  quadrate,  sometimes  rounded  in 
front;  ligula  without  paraglossoe;  labial  palpi  3-jointed. 

Maxilla)  exposed  at  the  base,  with  two  lobes,  the  outer  one 
sometimes  very  small;  palpi  short,  i-jointed. 

Antenna3  inserted  on  the  front  in  grooves,  or  under  the 
margin  of  the  front,  11-jointed,  rarely  12-jointed,  more  or  less 
serrate,  sometimes  flabellate  or  pectinate,  the  outer  joints 
rarely  in  the  first  sub-family  enlarged,  forming  a  serrate  club. 

Head  frequently  retracted,  sometimes  advanced ;  usually 
applied  to  the  presternum  beneath ;  mandibles  small,  cor- 
neous; labrum  distinct  in  most  species,  indiatinct  in  the  first 
and  second  sub-families. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate;  coxal  cavities 
small,  rounded,   not   closed   behind  by  the  mesosternum  ; 


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prosternum  long,  usuiilly  lobod  in  front,  prolonged  holiind, 
I'orming  an  acute  proceH.s  moving  in  the  moso.sternuni. 

Mesosternum  short,  excavated  in  the  middle  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  prosternal  process;  coxal  cavities  small,  usually 
angulated  externally;  side  pieces  largo,  epiuieru  reaching  the 
coxai. 

Metasternum  usually  long,  side  pieces  narrow,  cpimera 
slightly  visible. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen  (rarely  abbreviated  in  the 
female);  epipleura)  distinct,  extending  to  the  apex;  scutel- 
lum  visible. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  fifth  rounded  at 
the  apex  (except  in  the  female  of  Euthysanius),  sixth  visible 
in  some  of  the  tribe  I'lastoeerini. 

Anterior  coxa3  small,  rounded,  without  trochantins,  con- 
tained entirely  in  the  prosternum,  in  cavities  oj)en  behind; 
middle  coxa)  small,  rounded  or  angulated  externally,  with  a 
distinct  trochantin*  in  the  second  sub-family,  but  none  in 
the  first;  posterior  coxic  transverse,  oblique,  contiguous, 
dilated  into  a  plate  covering  in  part  or  entirely  the  thighs 
(except  in  Cerophytuni). 

Legs  short,  sometimes  contractile;  tibiae  usually  slender, 
with  the  spurs  very  small,  or  scarcely  visible;  tarsi  5-jointed, 
simple  or  lobed  beneath;  claws  simple,  toothed,  or  pectinated; 
onychium  none,  or  very  short  and  bisetose. 

A  very  large  family,  and  including  the  Eucnemidic  (regarded 
by  many  as  a  distinct  family),  very  sharply  defined  by  the  above 
cbaracters.  A  few  of  the  species  of  the  first  sub-family,  and  the 
majority  of  those  of  the  third,  possess  the  singular  power  of 
springing  in  the  air  when  placed  on  the  back.  Tins  is  efi'ected 
by  extending  the  protliorax  so  as  to  bring  the  prosternal  spine  to 
the  anterior  part  of  the  mesosternal  cavity,  then  suddenly  relaxing 
the  muscles  so  that  the  si)iiie  descends  violently  into  the  cavity; 
the  force  given  by  this  sudden  movement  eauses  the  base  uf  the 
elytra  to  strike  the  supporting  surface,  and  by  their  elasticity  the 
whole  body  is  propelled  upwards. 

It  is  consequently  obvious  that  the  existence  of  this  leaping 
power  is  dependent  on  a  loose  articulation  between  the  pro-  and 
niesothorax;  and,  in  fact,  this  is  a  remarkable  character  in  the 
majority  of  the  genera  of  the  family,  though  not  apparent  in  most 

*  Lacordaire  states  that  no  trochantin  is  visihlo  ;  Imt  I  find  it  distinct  in 
nil  the  fxencra  examined  of  genuine  Klateiida;,  but  in  no  other  except  I'ero- 
thops,  iu  which  it  is  merely  rudimentary. 


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COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


genera  of  the  first  sub-family.  I  know,  however,  from  observation, 
that  our  small  species  of  Eucuemis  actually  possess  this  springing 
power. 

All  the  species  are  vegetable  feeders ;  and  the  larvae  live,  some 
in  the  earth,  others  in  rotten  wood,  others  prey  upon  living  plants. 

Three  sub-families  may  be  defined,  as  follows ; — 

Labrum  indiutinct ; 

AiitennsB  ingerted  in  grooves ;  claws  not  serrate.  Eccitemida. 

AnteniifB  very  approximate ;  claws  serrate.  CEKOPHVTiDiB. 

Labrum  distinct.  Elatehida. 

Sub-Family  I.— EUCNEMIDAE. 

The  only  character  separating  this  from  the  genuine  Elateridse 
is  found  in  the  insertion  of  the  antennae  upon  the  front,  at  the 
inner  extremity  of  transverse  grooves,  before  which  the  front  is 
expanded  again ;  the  labrum  is  indistinct ;  the  prosternura  is 
nearly  truncate  in  front,  and  the  head  is  always  deflexcd,  and 
applied  to  the  sternum  in  repose. 

The  species  are  rare,  and  are  found  under  bark,  or  on  leaves 
of  plants.     Two  tribes  are  indicated : — 

Antennse  moderately  distant ;  maxillary  palpi  witli  the  last  joint  acute. 

Melasini. 
Auten.:-.e  approximate ;  maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  large,  dilated. 

EUCKSUINI. 

Tribe  I.— MELASINI. 

Two  genera,  of  slender  form,  represented  in  our  Atlantic  fauna 
and  in  Europe,  alone  constitute  this  tribe.  They  difl'er  in  several 
respects  from  all  other  members  of  the  family,  and  particularly 
by  the  large  size  of  the  head,  so  that  the  eyes  are  entirely  disen- 
gaged from  the  thorax ;  the  mouth  is  not  perfectly  applied  to  the 
prosternum,  as  in  the  next  tribe ;  the  prosternura  is  truncate  in 
front,  and  its  sutures  are  parallel,  not  running  to  the  anterior 
angles  of  the  thorax,  as  in  the  other  genera  of  this  sub-family ; 
the  middle  coxae  are  small,  not  angulated  externally,  and  without 
trochantin;  the  epimera  are  very  transverse. 

TibiiB  broad,  compressed.  MriiASib. 

Tibiia  slender.  Thabops. 

Tribe  II.— EUCWEMIHri. 

Several  genera,  usually  cuneiform,  sometimes  subcylindrical, 
and  easily  recognized  by  the  situation  of  the  antennae  in  approxi- 


ELATEUIDAE. 


If.l 


mate  grooves,  which  narrow  tlic  clypeus.  The  middle  coxa"  arc 
small,  rounded,  not  aiigulated  externally,  and  without  troehantin; 
the  epimera  of  the  mesothorax  are  very  transverse.  Kuenenns 
possesses  a  feeble  leaping  power,  which  I  have  not  observed  in 
our  other  genera,  although  several  of  them  probably  may  exhibit 
the  same  movement.  The  antennte  are  frecjuently  received  in 
grooves,  which  run  sometimes  along  the  under  side  of  the  pro- 
thorax,  sometimes  along  the  prosternal  suture ;  the  latter  position 
is  assumed  among  our  genera  only  in  Miororhagus,  and  in  that 
the  grooves  are  quite  shallow.  The  claws  have  a  broud  tooth  in 
certain  species  of  Fornax. 

The  following  table  expresses  the  relation  of  genera : — 

Antennal  grooves  at  the  margin  of  the  thorax  beneath ; 
Joints  of  the  tarsi  2 — i  lobed  beneath.  DESDEocnARig. 

Tarsi  not  lobed  beneath ; 
Antenna;  serrate.  Eccnemis. 

Antenn:e  tJliform.  Foiinax. 

Antennal  grooves  usually  wanting,  never  marginal ; 
Prosternal  sutures  double,  excavated.  Miceoruagcs. 

Prosternal  sutures  single ; 
Posterior  coxal  plates  gradually  but  widely  dilated  internally  ; 
Joints  of  anttnnaj  9 — 11  conspicuously  loncer.  I'iileoon-. 

Joints  of  antenn.TB  8 — 11  conspicuously  longer.  Kpii'mams. 

Outer  joints  of  antennas  scarcely  longer ;  iutlexed  part  of  prothorax 
feebly  sulcata  in  front.  Nematouks, 

Posterior  coxal  plates  narrow,  not  dilated  internally.       Hylociiakes 
Posterior  coxal  plates  narrow,  very  suddenly  dilated  internally. 

An  BLASTER. 

Phlegon  Lap.  is  synonymous  with  EurypUjchus  Lee. ;  its  geo- 
graphical distribution  is  remarkable ;  one  species  in  Madagascar, 
one  in  the  Atlantic  States,  and  one  in  California.  Anelastes 
contains  two  species,  one  on  the  Atlantic  and  another  on  the 
Pacific  slope.  Epiphanis  cornula  extends  from  Sitka  to  Canada. 
The  other  genera  are  found  only  in  the  Atlantic  district.  Throe 
species  which  I  refer  to  Nematodes  are  Euc.  alrojiotf  Say,  Ema- 
thion  penetrans  Lee,  and  Euc.frontosim  Say.  At  the  time  that 
I  wrote  my  revision  of  Elateridic  tiie  genera  were  very  ubseiirely 
defined  in  the  books,  which  will  account  for  my  failure  to  refer 
these  species  to  the  proper  genus.  The  six  outer  joints  of  the 
antennic  are  slightly  enlarged  in  the  male,  as  in  Emnthiou,  and 
it  is  quite  possible  that  the  latter  genus  should  be  entirely  sup 
pressed. 
11 


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163 


COLEOPTEBA  OP  XOUTII  AMERICA. 


Sub-Family  II.— CEROPHYTIDAE. 

This  snb-family  consists  of  a  very  small  number  of  species, 
found  under  bark,  in  which  the  labrum  is  indistinct,  the  antenniu 
closely  approximated,  but  not  inserted  in  grooves  contracting  the 
front,  as  in  the  preceding  sub-family.  The  middle  co.\ae  have  no 
visible  trochantin ;  the  prosternum  is  lobed  in  front,  the  sides  are 
parallel,  and  the  prolongation  behind  the  coxiu  is  quite  short; 
the  lateral  margin  of  the  thorax  is  obsolete  in  front.  The  side 
pieces  of  the  mesosternura  in  the  first  tribe  are  very  transverse, 
in  the  second  less  so ;  the  epimcra  attain  both  the  coxte  and 
mcscstemum,  the  episterna  being  cut  off  from  the  coxal  cavity. 
The  tarsi  are  rather  short,  densely  pubescent  beneath,  and  the 
claws  are  serrate. 

The  two  genera  each  represent  a  separate  tribe : — 

Hind  coxiB  flat,  without  plates.  Cehophytixi. 

Hiud  ooxEe  with  the  usual  plates.  Peuotiiopini. 

Tribe  I.-CEROPHYTI3ri. 

Two  species  of  Cerophytum,  one  Euroj)ean,  the  other  C.  pulsa- 
tor  Hald.,  from  the  Middle  States,  are  contained  in  this  tribe. 
The  aijtennx'  are  very  approximate,  situated  each  side  of  an  ele- 
vation, which  causes  the  front  to  become  gibbous;  the  mandibles 
are  small,  and  retracted ;  the  last  joint  of  the  palpi  is  dilated, 
with  curved  margins;  the  mouth  is  protected  beneath  by  the 
lobe  of  the  protternum;  the  hiud  coxaj  are  entirely  flat,  and  the 
trochanters  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  thighs;  the  tarsi  are  some- 
what broad,  and  the  fourth  joint  is  prolonged  beneath  into  a  short 
lobe ;  the  claws  pectinate,  with  the  tip  simple. 

The  species  is  very  rare,  and  produces  a  slight  leaping  motion 
by  the  hind  legs  moving  suddenly  upon  the  edge  of  the  elytra. 
The  antennae  of  the  male  are  pectinate,  of  the  female  merely  ser- 
rate. On  account  of  the  flat  hind  coxaj  this  genus  is  considered 
as  a  separate  family  by  Lacordaire. 


Tribe  II.— PEROTHOPIIVI. 

Perothops  mucidus,  from  the  Atlantic  States,  and  P.  WitticH 
Lee,  from  California,  constitute  this  tribe,  which  dilTcrs  from  the 


T 

groo 

are 

mesc 


ELATERIPAE. 


168 


jirccofling  by  so  many  important  clinractors,  that  it  miglit  almost 
1)C  coiisidcnMl  as  a  si-jtarate  snl»-family.  Tlie  antcnniL'  arc  fuoltly 
serrate,  and  very  approximato,  situated  in  cavities  limited  i)oste- 
riorly  by  oblique  ridges ;  the  front  is  deflexed  before  the  anteiina>, 
and  then  flattened  out;  the  mandibles  arc  slender  and  prominent; 
the  palpi  with  the  last  joint  securiform.  The  lobe  of  the  pro- 
sternum  is  very  short,  and  protects  the  mouth  partly;  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  a  transverse  groove,  almost  as  in  Anelastes.  The  plate 
of  the  hind  coxie  is  suddenly  dilated  internally;  the  trochanters 
are  broad,  and  of  the  usual  size  ;  the  joints  1 — 4  of  the  tarsi 
gradually  diminish  in  length  and  breadth;  the  claws  are  finely 
pectinate  to  the  apex. 

Sub-Family  III.— ELATERIDAE. 

The  antenna?  in  this  sub-family  are  widely  separated,  inserted 
in  small  foveie  under  the  margin  of  the  front,  before  the  eyes. 
The  mouth  is  usually  anterior;  the  mandibles  are  small  and  re- 
tracted, except  in  the  last  tribe,  in  which,  too,  are  found  the  only 
genera  having  the  labrum  connate  with  the  front.  The  middle 
coxa;  are  always  angulated  externally,  with  a  small,  but  distinct, 
trochantin,  so  that  the  episterna  are  not  cut  off  from  the  coxal 
cavity.  In  a  few  genera  of  the  last  tribe  the  anterior  and  middle 
coxiB  are  conical.     The  tibiir  are  slender  in  all  the  genera. 

The  tribes  appear  to  me  to  be  naturally  arranged  as  follows: — 

Antennae  received  in  deep  prostemal  grooves.  AoRvrMM. 

Antenna;  not  received  in  proistern.il  grooves  ; 
Meso-  and  luetaaternuni  connate.  CnALCoi.EPimrxi. 

Mesosterual  suture  distinct  (side  pieces  of  metathorax  narrow  in  our 
tribes) ; 
First  joint  of  antenn;e  very  long.  Ukmirhipini. 

First  joint  of  antenme  moderate  ; 

Apex  of  mandililes  olituse  or  emarginate.  Elatkrini. 

Mandibles  with  the  tip  slender,  prolonged,  acute.       PLASToc£iiiNi. 


I 


■  /.: 


Tribe  I.— A«RYPNII¥I. 

These  insects  are  easily  recognized  by  the  antenna;  received  in 
grooves  excavated  along  the  prostemal  sutures;  the  mandibles 
are  emarginate  at  tip,  or  toothed;  the  front  flat  or  concave;  the 
mesosteruum  not,  or  but  slightly,  protuberant;  the  coxal  plates 


164 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


are  graduall.v,  but  slijrlilly,  diluted  inturnally ;  the  tarsi  in  onr 
genera  have  tiio  joints  :;lightly  inflated  beneath,  not  furnished 
with  membranous  lobes;  the  prosternal  lobe  is  large;  the  an- 
tennoB  arc  serrate  iu  our  genera.  The  species  are  found  under 
bark  of  dead  trees. 

Antennal  grooves  occupying  the  whole,  or  nearly  the  whole,  of  the  pro- 
sternal  suture ; 
Third  joint  of  the  anteuuae  smaller  or  narrower  than  the  fourth. 

AfiuYrjfrs. 
Third  joint  of  the  antenna  equal  to,  or  larger,  than  the  fourth. 

Adelocera. 
Antennal  grooves  much  abbreviated  behind.  Lacon. 

Of  Agrypnus  two  species  are  found  in  Texas;  Adelocera  is 
found  in  our  whole  territory,  and  Lueou  in  the  Southern  States 
and  Kansas. 


t'l 


|i|> 


Tribe  II.— CHALCOLEPIDII^'I. 

The  genus  Chalcolepidius  is  represented  by  four  species,  one 
(C  viridijniis)  found  iu  the  Atlantic  States,  two  in  Arizona,  and 
one  In  southern  California.  They  are  very  large  insects,  clothed 
v.-ith  depressed  scales;  the  mesosternum  is  protuberant,  and  en- 
tirely connate  with  the  metasternuni,  the  suture  being  obliterated. 
The  antenna)  are  pectinate  in  the  male  of  C.  viridipilis  and  sma- 
raydiniis.  The  genus  Alaus  is  represented  by  three  species  in 
the  Atlantic  district;  it  is  commonly  separated  widely  from  Chal- 
colepidius, but  the  protuberant  mesosternum,  closely  connected 
with  the  nietasternum,  with  scarcely  a  trace  of  suture,  indicates 
its  afilnity  with  that  genus.  The  form  of  body,  too,  is  not  unlike. 
In  both  genera  the  coxal  plates  arc  gradually  dilated  inwards, 
and  strongly  toothed  at  the  in.sertion  of  the  thighs ;  the  mandibles 
have  the  tip  entire,  but  not  prolonged ;  the  front  is  concave,  not 
margined  behind  the  labrum,  but  deflexed ;  the  tarsi  are  not  lobcd 
beneath,  but  very  densely  pubescent,  and  the  claws  are  simple. 

Scutellum  obeordate;  margin  of  elytra  obsolete  in  front.  CuALCOLErinius. 
Bcutellum  oval ;  elytra  strongly  margined.  Alaus. 


Tribe  III.— HEIWIRHIPIIVI. 

In  this  tribe,  represented  only  hy  Hemirhipus  fasciculans,  the 
front  is  concave,  margined  anteriorly;  the  mandibles  are  acute  at 


ELATERIDAE. 


Ifi5 


the  tip;  the  antcnnne  (flal)i'llatc  and  12-joiiitoil  in  ITomirliipiis) 
liave  tlio  llr.st  joint  very  long,  iind  the  otliors  small  and  oiiual  in 
size ;  the  prosternal  lobe  is  large,  the  sutures  are  concave  outwards 
and  double;  the  coxal  plates  are  etpially  broad  at  the  inner  and 
outer  portion,  with  a  tooth  at  the  origin  of  the  thighs;  the  tarsi 
are  not  lobed  beneath,  but  densely  clothed  with  fine  pubescence. 

The  species  extends  from  Xew  York  to  ]kazil,  is  of  large  size, 
densely  clothed  with  short  brown  pubescence;  black,  with  the 
elytra  muddy  yellow,  varied  with  small  dusky  spots. 


Tribe  IV.— ELATERIXI. 

This  tribe  comprises  the  great  bulk  of  the  species,  and  contains 
many  genera  differing  in  various  peculiarities  of  structure,  but  all 
agreeing  in  having  the  antennaj  not  received  in  prosternal  grooves, 
the  mesosternal  suture  distinct,  and  the  side  pieces  of  the  meta- 
thorax  narrow.  The  mandibles  are  short,  and  never  extend  far 
beyond  the  labrum ;  they  are  usually  emarginate,  rarely  subacute, 
but  not  much  prolonged  at  the  apex ;  in  the  latter  case,  however, 
the  metasternum  is  not  acute  in  front,  as  in  the  next  tribe. 

Sub-tribes  may  be  defined  as  follows : — 

Coxal  plates  .suddenly  dilated  inwards.  Elatfri.m. 

Cuxal  plates  gradually  dilateu  iuwards.  Cuutmuitim. 


'  *;r."'t" 


■w"a;a''; 


Sub-Trilio  1. — Elaterini  (gennini). 

No  Other  character  can  be  given  to  separate  this  sub-trioe  from 
the  next  but  the  form  of  the  plates  of  the  hind  coxic,  which  arc 
suddenly  dilated  about  the  middle,  with  the  outer  part  much  nar- 
rower than  the  inner;  there  is  always  a  strong  tooth  at  the 
insertion  of  the  thighs;  the  front  is  margined  anteriorly  in  all  of 
our  groups  except  the  last;  the  prosternum  is  always  lubed  in 
front;  the  prosternal  sutures  are  double,  except  in  the  first  two 
promts,  where  they  arc  entirely  simple;  the  mandibles  emarginate 
or  toothed  at  the  tip ;  the  tarsi  are  variable  in  form,  but  the  claws 
are  never  serrate. 

The  following  groups  are  represented  in  our  fauna : — 

Margin  of  tlie  front  elevated  behind  the  labrum ; 

Prosternal  spine  truncate  behind  ;  scutellum  cordiform.    CABDiopnoBi. 
rrosternal  spine  acute  ;  scutellum  oval ; 
rrosteruum  broad,  sutures  single,  convex  outwards.     Ckvptouypsi. 


•t^.,, 


■  A 

■I  m 


100  COLEOPTERA  OV  NORTH  AMERICA. 

rrosternum  moderate,  sr'ures  doublt),  straight  or  concave  ; 
Tiir«i  not  IoIm-J  beneiith.  Ei.ateres. 

Tliird  Joint  uf  tarsi  lobud.  FiiVriouiiiM. 

Fourth  joint  of  tarsi  lobed.  Mo.vm  uepidii. 

Second  and  third  joints  of  tarsi  with  long  lobes.  Dickeimdh. 

Margin  of  the  front  not  elevated.  LuDii. 

Group  I.—  Cardiophori. 

The  species  arc  usually  small,  and  convex  in  form,  remarkably 
distinguished  by  the  prosternal  spine  being  truncate  behind,  and 
fitting  like  a  wedge  into  the  mesosternuui ;  the  scutellum  is  cordi- 
forin ;  the  front  is  margined,  but  not  concave ;  the  coxal  plates 
are  suddenly  dilated  inwards. 

Several  species  of  Cardiophorus  represent  this  group  in  every 
part  of  our  country. 

Group  II.— Cryptohypni. 

This  group  contains  only  small  species,  and  is  easily  known  by 
the  margined  front,  the  suddenly  dilated  coxal  plates,  and  the 
broad  prosternum,  with  the  sutures  single,  and  convex  outwards ; 
the  coxal  plates  are  scarcely  toothed  at  the  insertion  of  the 
thighs;  the  tarsi  are  filiform. 

Cryptohypnus  is  generally  diffused ;  (Edostethus  contains  but 
one  species  from  the  Atlantic  district. 

Claws  simple  ;  tarsi  moderate,  clothed  with  stiff  hairs.       Cryptohypxus. 
Claws  with  a  tooth  at  the  middle ;  tarsi  long,  pubescent.      (Edostetucs. 

Group  III.— Blateres. 

In  this  group  are  species  having  the  front  convex  and  mar- 
gined ;  the  thorax  always  narrowed  in  front ;  the  prosternum 
not  very  wide,  with  the  sutures  distinctly  double,  and  sometimes 
excavated  in  front,  straight  or  concave  outwards;  the  posterior 
coxal  plates  narrow  externally,  suddenly  dilated  internally,  and 
toothed  at  the  origin  of  the  thighs;  the  tarsi  not  dilated  or  lobed 
(the  anterior  ones  in  Blauta  very  slightly  so),  and  the  claws  entire. 

Our  genera  are : — 

Prosternal  sutures  excavated  in  front ; 

Tarsi  spongy  beneath,  the  anterior  ones  slightly  lobed.  Blacta. 

Tarsi  ciliate  beneath,  entirely  simple.  Elateb. 
Prosternal  sutures  not  excavated  in  front ; 

Third  joint  of  antt'nnic  longer  th.au  the  second.  Dra.sterics. 

Second  and  third  joints  of  autennje  small,  equal.  Meoapestuks. 


ELATEniDAE.  167  i '  J"' 

Drftsterius  fs  united  by  Diiviil  with  Cryptoliypnus,  but  tlio 
narrower  prostemuin,  with  (li)ul)lo  sutures,  ilisiinguish  it  mtv 
strongly  from  that  g<'uus.  Our  sitecies  {fjlulcr  ({or!iuU.H  Suy,  L'l. 
elegaiiH  Fabr.,  M.  amabilis  Lee,  M.  comia  Lee.,  and  31.  lirtnK 
Lee.)  were  included  by  me  in  Moiioerepidius,  but  are  distri- 
buted, with  some  new  ones,  by  Caudeze,  between  the  genus  now 
under  consideration  and  -Kolus. 

The  species  of  Mcgapenthes  wore  placed  in  Elater  by  me,  but 
very  properly  separated  by  CandOze.  There  is  not  an  entire 
agreement  between  them  in  the  form  of  the  eoxal  plates;  thus, 
the  outer  portion  is  much  narrower  in  M.  sti>nnusus  than  in  the 
nearly  allied  M.  caprella.  I  would  also  include  in  this  genus  Li 
limbalis  llerbst,  though  the  coxal  plates  are  much  less  suddenly 
dilated  internally;  hardly  more  so,  in  fact,  thau  iu  Corijinbilt's 
sethiops. 

Group  IV.— Physorhlnl. 

The  small  number  of  species  constituting  this  group  have  the 

third  joint  of  the  tarsi  furnished  beneath  with  a  membranous 

lobe,  the  fourth  being  small,  and  received  upon  the  fourth.     The 

front  is  very  convex,  its  anterior  margin  rounded;  the  posterior 

coxal  plates  very  narrow  externally,  suddenly  dilated  and  strongly  '  M'M 

toothed  internally;  the  claws  are  simple;  the  mesosternum  always  ,'   v'^ 

oblique;  the  prostcrnal  sutures  double,  and  iu  our  gu-'uera  exeu-  f 

vated  in  front.  .    - 

Coxal  plates  very  suddenly,  almost  rectangularly,  dif.ated;  ' '     ..*,■■ 

Second  and  third  joints  of  antouure  together  ei^ual  to  the  fourth.  - 

CEEPlDOTRITrS. 

Third  joint  equal,  or  nearly  equal,  to  the  fourth.  BiiAcuYCKEpis. 

Coxal  plates  obliquely,  but  very  strongly,  dilated;  second  and  third  joints  i'. 

of  antennas  together  nearly  equal  to  the  fourth,  A.nchastus.  \M 

To  Crepidotritus  belong  Cryptohypnus  cinereipennis  Mann.  ' 

(Anchastus  recedens  Lcc)  and  C.  tautillus  Mann.,  both  from  : 

California.  To  Brachycrepis  I  would  refer,  besides  the  type  B. 
bicarinatus  Lee.,  also  Elater  binus  Say. ;  the  latter  may,  how- 
ever, constitute  a  new  genus,  as  the  joints  of  the  anteunai  are 
carinate  on  the  middle  of  the  broad  surface. 

Group  v.— Monocrepidil. 

In  this  group  the  front  is  convex,  margliu'd  in  front;  the  first 
joint  of  the  antenna;  is  longer  thau  usual;  the  prosterual  ::uiurcs 


n 


'**  :■'■ 

'''i 

m 

*■'';» 

1 

'■]  '} 

i 

k 

"  !-,  ■ 

■ . '»  :'.  .'■ 
■  ■',■■'*' 

H 

IP 

J|iy|^ 

b 

108 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTII  AMERICA. 


lire  iloiil)Ic,  strai^'lit  or  concave,  ftiid  scarcely  excavated  !n  front; 
the  cuxul  jtlates  arc  suddenly  dilated  internally,  wllli  the  unglo 
ruuiiik'd,  us  in  Drusterius,  and  u  tooth  at  the  origin  of  the  tiiigliH; 
the  fourth  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  oljiiquely  prolonged  into  a  mem- 
branous lobe. 

The  genera  .■Kolus  and  Ileterodercs,  as  adopted  l)y  Candcze, 
appear  to  be  untenalile,  and  heterogeneous,  as  already  observed 
by  Duval ;  I  therefore  continue  to  refer  all  of  our  species  to 
Monoerepidius,  removing  to  Drasterius  those  with  simple  tarsi, 
which  were  formerly  included  by  mo  in  the  same  genus. 

Group  VI.— Dlcrepldli. 

The  strongly  margined  front,  the  prosternal  sutures,  excavated 
in  front,  and  concave  outwards,  and  the  tarsi  with  lobes  beneath 
the  second  and  third  joints,  will  distinguish  this  group.  The 
species  are  elongate,  brown,  hairy  insects,  with  strongly  serrate 
antenna?,  sometimes  even  pectinate  in  the  males.  The  eoxal  plates 
are  strongly  dilated  Inwards,  and  toothed.  They  are  found  in 
the  Southern  States  and  Texas,  and  belong  to  two  genera : — 

Mesosternum  horizontal ;  anterior  part  of  front  with  two  crests,  uniting  above 

with  the  frontal  margin.  DicuF.i'iDirs. 

Mesosteruum  ohlinue  ;  front  not  crested.  Isciiiorontcs. 

To  the  latter  genus  belong  Elater  aoleatus  Say,  Dicrejndius 
ferrciis  Lee,  and  Z>.  simplex  Leo. 


ii 


Group  VII.— Ludii. 

This  group  has  the  front  convex,  but  not  margined  behind  the 
labrum ;  the  prosternal  sutures  concave  outwards ;  the  tarsi  simple, 
pubescent  beneath,  and  the  posterior  coxal  plates  less  suddenly 
dilated  internally,  but  still  distinctly  angulatcd  at  the  middle  of 
the  hind  margin,  and  strongly  toothed  at  the  insertion  of  the 
thighs.  The  species  are  usually  of  large,  though  one  species, 
which  I  place  in  Ludius,  is  of  moderate  size ;  it  is  the  Oregon 
L.  tartareus,  formerly  included  by  me  in  Elater. 

Our  genera  are  three,  thus  distinguished : — 

Angle  of  the  hind  coxiB  acute,  promineut ; 

Mt'sostern'im  declivous,  not  prominent.  Lcmrs. 

Mesosternum  protuberant.  Ortuostktuus. 

Angle  of  the  hind  coxae  obtuse,  broadly  rounded.  Cuiomus. 


<v. 


ELATKUIPAE. 


169 


To  Orthostcthus  Lnc.  Ix'Ioiips  Aplmtuifiiux  itifuHcatiis  Ocriii., 
a  large  bruwn  ispccius  I'uuiid  in  tlio  Suutlierii  SluU-d. 

Bub-Tribu  2.-Coryinbitlul. 

In  tliis  8ul)-tribo  the  coxal  plates  are  pradimlly  or  fioniotiines 
ecnrcely  tlilalt'il  inwards,  frcMiueiitly  not  tootlietl  over  llu;  insfrtimi 
of  the  thighs,  with  the  hind  margin  nearly  reclilincar.  In  (itlaT 
fharaeters  there  are  found  great  din'erences  bet  ween  the  gmups; 
the  prosternal  sutures  are  frecpiently  straight  and  simple,  and  the 
prosternal  lobo  is  sometimes  entirely  wanting.  The  claws  are 
pectinate  in  certain  genera. 

The  following  groups  are  ropresontod  in  our  fauna : — 

Front  convex  ;  mouth  iufurior.  Aouioteb. 
Front  Hat ttnied,  margined;  mouth  anterior ; 

CIhws  in'i'tinate.  Mkla.noti. 

Claws  simple.  Atiioi. 
Front  fl.itttMU'd,  not  margined ;  mouth  anterior ; 

Mesosternum  declivous.  rdRVMniTKfl. 

Mesoateruum  protuberant.  Mkla.\ac'TK8. 

Group  I.— AgrloteB. 

This  group,  composed  of  species  of  moderate  or  small  size,  is 
distinguished  by  the  convex  front,  the  edge  of  which  is  higher 
than  the  lal)rum;  the  mouth  is  situated  on  the  inferior  surface  of 
the  head,  and  is  applied  to  the  prostcrnum  in  repose ;  the  latter 
is  lobed  in  front;  the  sutures  arc  double,  either  concave  outwards 
or  nearly  straight,  somewhat  excavated  in  front;  the  antenna;  are 
slender,  scarcely  serrate,  and  tl:c  first  joint  is  a  little  longer  than 
usual ;  the  coxal  plates  are  but  slightly  broader  internally,  although 
sometimes  almost  suddenly  dilated ;  the  tooth  at  the  insertion  of 
the  thighs  is  large. 

Our  genera  are : — 

Front  truncate,  not  margined  behind  the  lahrum,  although  higher  than  it ; 
claws  simple ; 

Margin  of  prothorax  deflexed  iu  front.  A«ijiote8. 

Margin  of  prothorax  straight.  DoLurii-g. 
Front  margined ; 

Claws  and  tarsi  simple.  Betarmon. 

Claws  pectinate,  tarsi  slightly  lobed.  Aduasti'S. 

To  Dolopius,  as  here  defined,  belong  D.  mace.r  Lee,  pauper 
Lee,  and  subiistus  Lcc. ;  to  Betarraon  belongs  only  Elatcr  bvje- 


n 


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•  A 

■".^1'-? 

;      '  i.y 

■   ■.«    ■■'I 

.  ■■■■        I  ,: 
•<  ,  .        'I 

'  '        ' 

.  . :  i' 


I" 


.<•■ 


1  .0  COLKOITEHA  OF  NdllTIf  AMEBICA. 

viinntuH  Randall.  Tlio  gonus  ScricoHoniUH,  placed  l»y  KurDponn 
authors  iiuur  DulupiuH,  uppvarH  tu  luu  luuru  uvurl)'  ullicd  lu  C'u- 
rymbltt'8. 

Oroup  II.— Melanotl. 

In  tills  group  are  contained  species  of  moderate  or  sniall  size, 
having  the  front  moderately  convex,  margined  anteriorly  ;  the 
mouth  anterior;  the  antennte  serrate,  with  the  first  joint  uf  tho 
usual  size;  the  prosternuni  is  lohed  in  front;  the  sutures  arc 
doul>le,  and  concave  outwards;  the  coxal  jdotcs  are  grndniilly 
dilated  inwards,  and  toothed  at  the  origin  of  the  thighs  ;  tho 
tarsi  arc  not  lobed  beneath,  and  the  claws  are  strongly  pe(;tinatc. 

Unr  species  are  numerous,  and  all  belong  to  Mehuiotus,  for 
which  I  unfortunately  adopted  the  more  recent  name  Cralunychua 
in  my  revision  of  the  Elateriduj  of  the  United  States. 


I' 


Group  III.— Athol. 

Here  arc  to  he  placed  all  species  having  tho  front  margined; 
the  mouth  anterior;  the  coxal  plates  narrow,  gruilually  dilated 
inwards,  scarcely  toothed;  the  claws  simple;  and  the  prosternal 
sutures  nearly  straight,  double,  though  rarely  excavated  in  front; 
the  first  joint  of  the  antenuie  is  moderate.  The  front  is  sometimes 
not  oidy  margined,  but  deeply  concave,  by  the  margin  being  re- 
flexed  ;  in  some  species  of  Limonius  the  margin  is  almost  obsolete 
at  the  middle,  establishing  thus  a  transition  to  the  group  Coryni- 
bites;  the  prosternal  lobe  is  sometimes  obsolete,  and  the  middle 
coxa;  are  in  Campylus  very  approximate,  so  that  the  metasternum 
becomes  acute  in  front.  The  tarsi  have  sometimes  the  second 
and  third  joints  slightly  lobed  beneath. 

The  body  is  usually  slender,  and  rarely  (Pityobius)  of  large  size. 

Our  genera  are  : — 

Tarsi  with  tl»e  first  joint  scarcely  longer  than  the  second. 
Tarsi  with  the  first  joint  elongated  ; 
Trosternal  lobe  very  short ; 
Metasternum  acute  ;  antenna)  11-jointed. 
Metasternum  obtuse ;  antewiie  12-joiuted. 
Prosternal  lobe  long. 

Gambrimis  Lee.  is  not  sufficiently  distinct  from  Limonius,  nor 
Pedetes  from  Athous.  The  males  of  Pityobius  are  remarkable 
for  the  antennu3  having  on  each  side  a  row  of  branches.     Two 


LiMOKICS. 


Campylus. 

PlTYOUICS. 

Athous. 


^li  ! 


w 


EI.ATKUin.VE. 


TTt 


spcflos  nro  known  to  mo:  /'.  (iii<iin'int.-<,  from  the  Atluntic  SiiUt<i, 
))t'  u  (lull  Iflack  colDr,  with  sliort  Itrowii  liair,  witli  liiit  sin^'lc 
braiK-lii's  procctMliiig  from  licyuml  the  middle  of  llic  joints  of  lln; 
aiitciiiiii'  4 — II  euoli  HJdi; ;  iiiiil  J'.  Murrayi  Lcc,  IVoiii  Culiloriiiii. 
uf  a  moro  siiiiiing  black  color,  miicli  less  liaii-v,  with  oiiu  inner 
and  two  outer  busnl  brunclied  from  the  joints  of  the  antenna.'. 

(Jrouji  IV.— Corymbites. 

Tins  proup  is  so  closely  cnnneeted  with  tii<'  last  by  intermediate 
forms,  that  its  separation  may  be  considered  to  be  rather  a  matter 
of  convenieiiee  than  (tf  natural  dill'ereiico;  thus,  the  diseussinn  i>t' 
tho  question  whether  Limoniux  vwjuh  and  vntn'oliis  Lcc,  whieh 
form  the  new  gentjs  Kanus  Lt-c,  and  L.  diibilann,  whieh  form-; 
Nothodes,  slioidd  enter  this  or  the  preceding  group,  is  a  matter 
of  but  snndl  consequence. 

Tho  front  Is  not  margined  behind  the  Inbrtiin,  and  is  usuaily 
slightly  concave ;  tho  mouth  is  anterior,  though  somewhat  di- 
fle.xed  in  Serieosomus  (whieh  dilTers  from  the  group  Agriotes  in 
this  respect,  us  well  as  by  the  less  convex  front,  and  shnrter  fir>t 
joint  of  the  antcnme) ;  the  prosternum  is  either  lobed  or  truncate 
in  front;  the  sutures  are  double,  not  excavated  in  front,  except  in 
Bladus  and  Nothodes,  usually  nearly  straight ;  the  mesostermiin 
Is  not  protuberant,  sometimes  acute  in  iront ;  the  coxal  plates  are 
gradually  dilated  inwards,  sometimes  toothed  at  the  iuacrtiou  of 
the  thighs. 

Our  genera  arc  : — 

Thorax  without  luminous  vesicles ; 
Tarsi  filiform ; 
Prosturnum  not  lobed  in  front; 
rrostorn.'il  sutures  straight ;  tliird  joint  of  nnft'Tin.T  'm.ill.    PrAnrp. 
Prosternal  sutures  concave  outwards  ;  third  joint  of  anti-nnn'  eniial  to 
fourth.  (KsToiiKs, 

Prosternum  with  a  short  lol)e  ;  front  suddenly  detlexed  at  tip,  hut  nut 
margined  at  the  mithlle  ; 
Elytra  not  striate;  prostenial  sutures  not  cxcavntfd.  Fam-s. 

Elytra  striate  ;  prosternal  sutures  excavated  in  front.       Nurii()M;s. 
Prosternum  with  a  limi,'  lohe  ; 
Front  convex ;  coxal  plates  scarcely  narrower  externally. 

SERiropoMfs. 
Front  usually  more  or  less  flattened;  coxal  plates  narrow  cxtenwilly. 

CoRYMIllTI'S. 

Tarsi  with  the  second  and  third  joints  lobed  beneath.  .^saimiks. 

Thorax  with  luminous  vesicles.  rvuui'uuitus. 


|.'i^. 


*  ^V 


n 


.  '  f 


■  /• 


(  ,. 


•■  .'Ji 


!•-•; 


>• 


.»  '. 


172 


COLEOPTEUA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


m 


Tlifi  penns  Corymbites  contains  n  great  number  of  species,  and, 
ns  is  usual  in  large  genera,  is  (juitc  polymorphous;  some  of  the 
species  [C.  athiopa  and  C.  manrus)  have  the  coxa!  plates  almost 
as  suddenly  dilated  internally  as  in  Crignuis,  of  the  group  laidii 
of  the  i)reeeding  sub-tribe.  Some  of  the  species  are  very  narrow, 
resembling  Athous  and  Campylus,  others  very  stout.  They  may 
be  divided  into  nuvny  groups,  which  are  natural,  but  not  entitled 
tu  rank  as  genera. 

Group  v.— Melanaotes. 

This  group  is  represented  in  our  fauna  by  the  genus  Melanactes 
alone,  which,  while  confined  to  temperate  North  America,  is  dif- 
fused on  l)oth  sides  of  tiio  continent.  Th(f  species^  are  largo 
.sliining  black  insects,  found  under  stones.  They  are  distinguished 
from  other  groups  having  the  coxal  plates  gradually  dilated  in- 
wards, by  the  horizontal  protuberant  mesosternum,  which  is  not 
connate,  as  in  Chalcolepidiini,  but  separated  by  a  distinct  suture 
from  the  metasteruum.  The  front  is  depressed  at  the  middle, 
and  not  margined ;  the  mandibles  are  toothed  near  the  tip ;  the 
prosternum  is  furnished  with  a  long  lobe  in  front;  the  sutures 
are  double,  nearly  straight,  slightly  excavated  in  front;  the  coxal 
plates  are  gradually  dilated  inwards  and  toothed  at  the  origin  of 
the  thighs ;  the  tarsi  are  not  lobed,  but  very  densely  pubescent 
l)enoath,  with  the  joints  1 — 4  gradually  decreasing  in  length;  the 
claws  arc  simple.  , 


Tribo  v.— PLA§TOCERINI. 

In  this  tribe  I  comprise  certain  genera  which  recede  from  the 
true  Elaters  to  approach  the  Cebrionidoe;  thus,  the  sixth  ventral 
segment  is  usually  slightly  visible,  and  in  the  female  of  Euthysa- 
nius  becomes  equal  to  the  other  segments.  The  same  insect  is 
further  remarkable  for  the  elytra  being  very  short,  and  the  wings 
wanting;  in  the  female  of  Plastocerus  the  elytra  are  somewhat 
dehiscent,  but  the  wings  are  present. 

The  following  characters  distinguish  this  tribe :  The  mandibles 
are  curved  and  slender  at  the  tip,  and  project  more  than  in  other 
Elateridaj;  the  labrum  is  more  closely  connected  with  the  front; 
the  prosternum  is  truncate  in  front,  not  at  all  lobed,  and  its  late- 
ral sutures  are  straight,  slightly  oblique,  not  excavated  in  front ; 


EI.ATEltlDAE. 


IT.} 


the  mcso&tcrnura  declivous;  the  middle  coxfc  more  conical  and 
prumiiifiit  tliun  usuul,  neurly  coiiligiious;  tlie  inetasteriiuin  is  very 
ucutc  in  front;  the  coxal  plates  are  dilated  inwards,  l)Ut  not  Kud- 
denly,  and  differ  slightly  in  form  in  the  respective  genera;  they 
are  toothed  at  the  origin  of  the  thighs.  The  tarsi  are  simple, 
and  pul)escent  beneath  ;  thi;  claws  are  simple ;  the  tibial  spurs 
are  more  developed  than  in  other  tril)es. 
Two  natural  groups  arc  obvious : — 

Front  margineil ;  mandililcs  very  prominent.  AriiRirt. 

Fiout  deprusaed ;  maudibles  not  vary  prominent.  Plastoceui. 

Group  I.— Aphrlcl. 

Aphricns  cnlifornicus,  a  small  species  having  the  nppcarnnco 
of  a  slender  Cardiophorus,  is  the  only  member  of  this  gruii[t 
known.  The  mandibles  are  long  and  slender,  and  project  so  as 
to  leave  an  open  space  between  them  and  the  front  which  is  mar- 
gined, and  projects  over  the  labrum  ;  the  antennie  are  initileratrly 
serrate  ;  the  prosternum  is  very  slightly  lobed ;  the  sutures  are 
single,  and  not  excavated;  the  middle  coxsc  are  prominent;  llie 
metasternum  is  obtuse  in  front ;  the  coxal  plates  are  scarcely 
tootiied  at  the  insertion  of  the  thighs;  the  first  joint  of  the  tar.->i 
is  not  longer  than  the  second ;  the  sixth  ventral  segment  is  not 
visible.  '  # 

Group  II.— Plastocerl. 

The  mandibles  arc  thick  at  the  base,  toothed  at  the  middle, 
slender  and  curved  at  the  tip,  but  embrace  more  or  less  closely 
the  labrum,  which  is  on  the  same  plane  with  the  depressed  front, 
and  closely  connected  with  it,  almost  as  in  certain  Celirionidie. 
The  antenna)  are  long  and  serrate  in  Aplastus ;  in  the  other  ge- 
nera short,  and  pectinate  with  long  branches  in  the  males,  in  the 
females  serrate,  and  slightly  pectinate  ;  the  prosternum  is  slightly 
lobed  in  Aplastus,  not  at  all  lobed  in  the  other  genera ;  the  su- 
tures are  double,  slightly  obii(pie,  and  not  excavated ;  the  middle 
coxa)  arc  prominent,  with  the  mesosternura  acute  in  front ;  the 
coxal  plates  are  gradually  and  sometimes  strongly  dilated  in- 
wards, and  toothed  at  the  origin  of  the  thighs;  the  first  joint  of 
the  tarsi  is  as  long  as  the  two  following  united  ;  the  sixth  ventral 
segment  projects  beyond  the  fifth,  which  is  round  at  the  apex.  In 
the  female  of  Euthysanius,  however,  the   elytra  arc  short,  the 


ti 


■ym. 


.'•'■jV-pJi 


.,  ■    I  It  *'*'  ■,  i     if 


-V 


».,!'.■ 


174 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


llM 


wings  wanting,  and  the  abdomen  greatly  elongated ;  the  hind 
I'oxiii  also  become  so  prominent,  as  to  leave  the  genuine  first 
ventral  segment  (invisible  in  all  other  Elateridoe)  free  ;  following 
this  are  the  usual  five  equal  to  each  other,  then  the  sixth,  equal 
to  the  fifth,  but  rounded  at  tip,  and  followed  by  a  prominent  ob- 
tusely triangular  seventh  (really  the  eighth)  ventral  segment ; 
of  these,  all  but  the  last  two  are  margined  behind  with  mem- 
brane. ' 

Anteniiffi  long,  serrate,  11-jointed.  APLASirs. 
Antenn:r>  short,  in  the  males  pectinate ; 

Auteniue  11-jointeil.  Plastocerub. 

Anteume  12-jointed.  Ectuvsanius. 


Fam.  XXXVI.— CEBRIONIDAE. 


i'i 


?:i.  1 


.'i  ! 


Mentum  corneous,  quadrate ;  ligula  distinct,  without  para- 
glossaa. 

Maxilliti  exposed  at  base,  with  two  lohes  (in  our  genera). 

Antennae  inserted  under  the  frontal  margin,  11  jointed, 
serrate. 

Head  not  deflexed ;  eyes  convex  rounded. 

Labrum  closely  connected  with  the  front,  slightly  emar- 
ginate,  transverse;  mandibles  (in  our  genera)  slender,  long 
and  prominent,  leaving  an  open  space  between  them  and  the 
mouth. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate ;  coxal  cavi- 
ties large,  rounded,  open  behind ;  presternum  very  short, 
prolonged  behind  into  a  spine. 

Mesosternum  short,  oblique,  excavated  to  receive  the  pro- 
sternal  spine;  side  pieces  attaining  the  coxae. 

Metasternum  short,  pointed  in  front;  side  pieces  narrow 
in  Cebrio,  wide  in  Scaptolenus,  epimera  visible. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen  in  the  males,  sometimes 
shorter  in  the  females;  epipleurae  very  narrow  behind;  wings 
wanting  in  the  females. 

Abdomen  with  six  free  ventral  segments. 

Anterior  coxae  large,  globose,  without  trochantin;  middle 
coxae  rounded,  with  a  small  trochantin;  hind  coxae  trans- 
verse, dilated  into  a  plate,  partly  protecting  the  thighs. 

Legs  subfossorial ;  anterior  tibiae  more  or  less  dilated  or 
expanded  at  the  apex;  terminal  spurs  large;  tarsi  5-jointed, 
not  lobed  (in  our  genera);  claws  simple,  onychium  none. 


Pi  ; 


RIIIPICERIDAE. 


IT:-) 


A  family  of  small  extent ;  three  genera  of  the  tribe  of  genuine 
Cebrionidae  are  represented  in  our  fauna;  Cebrio,  in  the  Southern 
States ;  Anaehilus  in  Florida  ;  Scaptolenus  in  Texas ;  they  are 
found  flying  about  at  night.  The  females  are  found  at  the  en- 
trance of  holes  which  they  excavate  in  the  ground. 

Labrum  entirely  connate  with  the  front.  Anachilds, 
Labram  separated  by  suture  from  the  front ; 

Anterior  tibi?e  entire.                       •  Cf.prio. 

Anterior  tibiiB  emarginnte  externally.  ScArTOLENr». 

The  principal  differences  between  this  and  the  preceding  family 
is  in  the  greater  number  (six)  of  ventral  segments,  the  well  ile- 
veloped  tibial  spurs,  the  expansion  of  the  anterior  tibios  at  the 
apex,  and  the  close  connection  between  the  front  and  the  labrum. 
By  the  intermediate  forms  of  the  group  Plastoceri,  of  the  pre- 
vious family,  all  the  differences,  except  those  of  the  anteriur  tibise, 
become  evanescent;  and  I  place  the  Cebrionidae  as  a  distinct 
family,  only  in  deference  to  the  views  of  the  most  distinguished 
foreign  authorities. 


ill 

'■■■■  f^rit'  > 


>^^* 


i-    •■■U\t 


Fam.  XXXVIL— RIIIPICERIDAE. 

Mentum  quadrate,  corneous;  ligula  small,  not  prominent; 
palpi  3-jointed.  ' 

Maxilla}  exposed  at  the  base;  usually  with  but  one  lobe; 
palpi  4-jointed. 

Antennaa  inserted  before  and  inside  of  the  eyes,  under 
ridges,  11 -jointed  (in  our  genera),  serrate  in  the  females,  fre- 
quently flabellate  in  the  males. 

Head  prominent;  eyes  round;  epistoma  not  distinct;  labrum 
indistinct;  mandibles  large,  stout  and  prominent  in  Sandalus, 
small  in  Zenoa. 

Trothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate ;  coxal  cavi- 
ties large,  transverse,  open  behind  ;  prosternum  not  pro- 
longed. 

Mesosternum  short,  oblique,  flat;  side  pieces  attaining  the 
coxae. 

Metasternum  short  in  Sandalus,  moderate  in  Zenoa;  side 
pieces  wide  in  the  first,  narrow  in  the  second;  epimera  large 
in  Sandalus,  not  visible  in  Zenoa. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen ;  epipleurae  extending  to  the 
apex. 


'■n 


176 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


|l>l 


Abdomen  with  five  (in  our  genera)  free  ventral  segments. 

Anterior  and  middle  coxoe  conical,  prominent,  the  t'ormer 
with  large  trochantins;  posterior  coxie  transverse,  dilated 
into  a  small  plate  partly  covering  the  thighs. 

Legs  moderate,  tibia)  with  small  terminal  spurs;  tarsi  5- 
jointed  ;  claws  simple;  onychium  long,  hairy. 

A  family  contanung  a  small  number  of  species,  found  on  plants  ; 

Saudalus  especially  affecting  vi^rious  cedars ;    it  is  represented 

both  in  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  districts ;  Zenoa  contains  but  one 

species  in  the  Atlantic  district. 

Tarsi  not  lobed  ;  antennfe  moderately  long,  serrate.  Zenoa. 

Tarrii  lobed  ;  antenna)  short  (  }  serrate,  %  tlabellate).  Sandalcs. 

These  two  genera  indicate  different  tribes,  distinguished  as 
above  stated,  by  the  form  of  the  side  pieces  of  the  melalhonix. 


Fam.  XXXVIII.— schizopodidae. 


;!i! 


Mentum  quadrate,  corneous;  ligula  short,  transverse,  cori- 
aceous; palpi  8-jointed. 

Maxillai   exposed  at  base,  lobes  ?   palpi  4-jointed, 

short,  cylindrical. 

Antenna)  inserted  immediately  in  front  of  the  eyes,  under 
a  slight  prominence;  11-jointed,  serrate  from  the  fifth  joint 
outwards. 

Head  deflexed,  closely  affixed  to  the  prothorax,  eyes  ellip- 
tical; epistoma  not  distinct  from  the  front;  labrum  emar- 
ginate ;  mandibles  stout,  emarginate,  not  prominent. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate ;  coxal  cavities 
rounded,  almost  confluent  with  the  middle  coxal  cavities; 
prosternum  slightly  prolonged,  truncate  at  tip. 

Mesosternum  short,  oblique;  epimera  attaining  the  coxob. 

Metasternum  short,  side  pieces  wide;  epimera  slightly 
visible. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen ;  epipleuroe  obsolete  behind. 

Abdomen  with  the  first  and  second  ventral  segments  con- 
nate; the  fifth  emarginate,  sixth  deeply  emarginate,  seventh 
contained  in  the  emargination  of  the  sixth,  slightly  visible. 

Anterior  coxae  conical,  without  trochantin;  middle  coxa) 
rounded,  without  trochantin ;  posterior  coxa)  transverse, 
somewhat  separated,  extending  to  the  margin  of  the  body, 
dilated  into  a  plate  partly  covering  the  thighs. 

Legs  moderate,  slender;  anterior  tibiae  with  one  short  apical 


lete 
brar 
(in 
aonM 


DASCYLLIDAE. 


tn 


spur;  oilier  spurs  obsolete;  tarsi  o-jointed,  joints  1 — 3  spongy 
beneath  at  the  apex  and  slightly  lobed,  fourth  with  two  long 
membranous  lobes;  last  joint  as  long  as  the  three  preceding; 
claws  strongly  toothed  near  the  apex;  onychium  none. 

Tills  family  contains  Imt  the  sinjjfle  species,  Srhizopui^  lirius 
Lcc,  an  insect  found  in  Arizona,  resembling  in  form  a  Galleniea; 
it  is  of  a  metallic  green  color,  coarsely  punctured  with  red  eljtra, 
and  is  nearly  six-tenths  of  an  inch  long. 


•'■■  ;■'', 


^0 


Fam.  XXXIX.— dascyllidae. 

Mentnm  quadrate,  corneous;  ligula  large,  membranous, 
frequently  divided  into  narrow  lobe.s;  palpi  o-jointed. 

^[axilliu  exposed  at  base,  with  two  lobes,  variable  in  form, 
but  not  armed  with  hooks,  except  in  Eucinetus;  palpi  4:- 
jointed. 

Antennre  distant,  inserted  immediately  in  front  of  the  eyes, 
under  a  slight  ridge.  11-jointed,  more  or  less  serrate,  rarely 
pectinate. 

Head  sometimes  prominent,  but  usually  deflexed,  with  tlie 
epistoma  sometimes  distinct  from  the  front;  mandibles  not 
prominent. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate ;  coxal  cavities 
transverse,  widely  open  beliind;  prosternum  sometimes  ex- 
tending behind  the  coxte,  but  usually  not. 

Mesosternum  small,  sometimes  excavated,  sometimes  ob- 
lique and  flat,  frequently  very  narrow  ;  coxal  cavities  trans- 
verse, excavated  behind;  epimera  large,  attaining  the  cox». 

Metastcrnum  moderate,  side  pieces  tolerably  wide;  epimera 
usually  visible. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen ;  epipleur®  extending  to  the 
apex. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  segments,  the  fifth  rounded  at  tip. 

Anterior  coxa;  transverse,  frequently  prominent;  in  the 
first  sub-family,  with  large  trochantin,  in  the  second  with- 
out; middle  coxa3  smaller,  sub-transverse,  rarely  with,  usu- 
ally without  trochantin;  posterior  coxai  transverse,  nearly 
contiguous,  dilated  into  a  plate  partly  covering  the  thighs. 

Legs  short,  tibiaj  slender,  with  small,  and  sometimes  obso- 
lete terminal  spurs;  tarsi  o-jointed,  iVequently  with  mem- 
branous lobes  beneath;  claws  simple  or  pectinate;  onychium 
(in  some  genera)  very  short,  with  two  terminal  bristles, 
sometimes  wanting. 
12 


'  >" 


I  ."-^ 


ii 


as 

}■■  -M 
'■  '•   •'■I 

t'  i\ 


in 


COLEOPTEUA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


A  family  which,  althougii  of  small  size,  contains  genera  widely 
differing  in  many  of  Ihcir  characters  ;  they  all  live  on  plants  usu- 
ally near  water. 

They  naturally  divide  into  two  sub-families : — 


Anterior  coxie  with  distinct  trocliantin. 
Anterior  coxse  without  trochautiu. 


Dascyllid*. 
Uelouivm, 


li 
Pi: 


Sub-Family  I.— PASCYLLIDAE  (genuini). 

The  presence  of  an  anterior  trochantin  will  readily  distinguish 
the  genera  of  this  sub-family,  the  species  of  which  are  of  larger 
size  than  those  of  the  following  sub-family.  The  anterior  coxte 
are  very  transverse,  rarely  prominent.  The  prosternum  is  always 
quite  well  developed  in  front  of  the  coxae,  and  is  usually  visible 
between  them.     The  spurs  of  the  tibite  are  distinct. 

The  genera  may  be  arranged  in  tribes  as  follows : — 


Prosternum  prolonged,  entering  the  mesosternum. 
Prosternum  not  prolonged. 


Macuopooonini. 
Dascvllimi. 


l!'i 


ill 


i: 


Tribe  I.— MACROPOGOIVINI. 

The  head  is  convex,  without  clypcal  sut  re ;  the  antennoe  are 
scarcely  serrate ;  the  prosternum  is  flat,  with  distinct  side  mar- 
gins converging  behind  ;  the  mesosternum  is  emarginate  and  re- 
ceives the  tip  of  the  prosternum ;  the  plates  of  the  hind  coxa;  are 
very  narrow ;  the  second  and  third  joints  of  the  tarsi  are  slightly 
lobed  beneath,  and  the  fourth  joint  has  two  long  narrow  lobes ; 
the  claws  are  simple,  and  the  onychium  is  wanting. 

Two  genera  arc  recognized  by  Motschulsky. 


Antennae  with  the  second  and  third  joints  small.  Eprypooos. 

Antennae  with  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  joints  small.     Mackopooon. 

Eurypogon  nigra  (Ochina  nigra  Mels.)  is  the  only  species  of 
the  genus  known ;  it  is  found  in  the  Atlantic  States  on  plants. 
Macropogon  occurs  in  California  and  Oregon. 

Motschulsky  has  placed  these  genera  in  Elateridae,  from  which 
the  large  trochantins  and  different  form  of  the  anterior  coxa?  at 
once  distinguish  them. 


dac 
ford 
joiij 
joif 


0: 


DASCVLLIDAE. 


TiiV)e  II.-D.i§eYLLlIVl. 


179 


The  clypeal  suture  is  sometimes  visible,  uud  sometimes  behind 
the  labrum  may  be  seen  a  membranous  episloimi.  The  proster- 
num  does  not  articulate  with  the  mesostenuim ;  the  plates  of  the 
liiud  coxie  are  gradually  diluted  iuterually  ;  the  onychium  is  small, 
bisetose,  and  sometimes  wautiug.     Our  geueru  are  : — 


Tarsi  not  lobed  Iwneath  ; 

Claws  simple  ;  antenna;  strongly  serrate. 

Claws  simple  ;  antennie  nearly  tiliforui. 

Claws  Serrate  ;  antennie  nearly  tiliform. 
Tarsi  with  meniliranous  lobes  lieneath  ; 

Tarsi  dilated  ;  first  joint  not  elongated. 

Tarsi  slender ;  lirst  joint  longer. 


Stknwolub. 

axcuvtausi's. 

uuontoavx. 

Dascylujs. 
Anokus. 


Stenocolus  and  Anorus  are  found  only  in  California;  Dascyllus 
on  both  sides  of  the  continent ;  Anchytarsus  and  Odontonyx  in 
the  Atlantic  States  ;  Stenocolus  is  remarkable  for  the  middle  coxa; 
having  a  large  trochantin. 

Sub-Family  II.— IIELODIDAE. 

This  sub-family  contains  a  number  of  small  species  found  on 
plants  in  moist  situations,  and  readily  recognized  by  the  anterior 
and  middle  coxa'  having  no  trochantin.  They  are  divided  into 
four  tribes,  the  lirst  of  which  resembles  in  many  points  the  tribe 
Chelonariini  of  liyrrhidic,  while  the  second  recalls  the  sub-family 
Tsephenidie  of  the  Parnidae. 

Tarsi  with  fourth  joint  very  small,  third  lobed  beneath.  Ptilodactylini. 

Tarsi  with  fourth  joint  not  smaller  than  the  third ; 

Posterior  coxre  moderate ; 

Prosternum  distinct  before  and  between  the  coxae.  EnnniiNi. 

Prostenium  very  short  before  the  coxis.  Hrlodixi. 

Posterior  coxae  very  large.  ■  Eucikktisi. 


m 


,.*<  ^>^::^^ 


,        V 


'  .  •    "I  I', 
? '"  ,■  »■■ '  t 


■'.■  -■'1 

'i. 
J" 

*.<' 

,?;. 

A; 

ft 
'■ 

»♦ 

<;-! 

Tribe  I.-PTIl,ODACT¥LII¥I. 

Represented  in  the  Atlantic  district  by  three  species  of  Ptilo- 
dactyla ;  they  are  oval,  brown,  finely  pubescent  insects  of  convex 
form  ;  the  antennae  of  the  males  have  arising  from  the  base  of  the 
joints  4 — 10  a  slender  cylindrical  appendage,  equal  in  length  to  the 
joint  itsOlf;  the  clypeal  suture  is  very  distinct,  and  the  front  rises 


. 


m^ 


130 


COLEOl'TEUA  OF  NOllTIl  AMKHICA. 


slightly  ftbovc  the  cpistoma  ;  the  labial  palpi  an-  iioriunl  in  form. 
Tlio  prostenmiii  is  (piite  distinct  before  the  eoxu'  Imt  not  vi.-il)lo 
between  them.  The  middle  coxie  are  not  eovercil  by  the  front 
coxie,  which  arc  conical  and  prominent,  and  the  hind  co.xal  plates 
are  snddenly  dilated  internally;  the  tibiie  arc  cylindrical,  with 
lonfr  slender  spurs;  the  tarsi  are  rather  slutrt,  the  second  joint 
slij<htly,  the  third  broadly  lobed  beneath,  the  fourth  snndl,  the 
fifth  a  little  longer  than  the  third,  with  tiic  claws  liinadly  toothed 
or  appendiculate.     Fifth  ventral  segment  emargiuute. 


II: 


Tribe  II.-ElJBRIi:VI. 

Broadly  ovate  convex,  finely  punctured  and  pubescent  insects 
found  on  plants  near  water.  The  head  is  deflexed  as  in  the  other 
tribes,  but  the  antenna)  are  more  approximate,  contracting  the 
front  which  forms  a  narrow  beak  ;  I  do  not  observe  any  frontal 
suture  ;  the  maxillary  palpi  are  slender,  and  much  elongated  ; 
the  labial  \m\\n  are  sh(»rt ;  the  prosternum  is  very  well  developed 
in  front  of  the  coxa3,n".d  is  quite  visil)le  between  them,  and  pointed 
behind,  though  not  prolonged  ;  the  mesosternum  is  nearly  square, 
somewhiit  concave.  The  anterior  coxa3  are  transverse,  and  not 
very  prominent ;  the  middle  coxic  are  distant;  the  plates  of  the 
hind  coxai  are  very  narrow,  slightly  dilated  internally.  Spurs  of 
the  tibia)  obsolete,  tarsi  filiform,  with  the  fourth  joint  slightly 
smaller  than  the  third,  fifth  as  long  as  the  three  preceding  united. 
The  fifth  ventral  segment  is  rounded  at  tip ;  claws  dilated  at 
the  l)ase. 

There  is  a  small  fissure  at  the  front  margin  of  the  anterior 
coxie,  which  produces  the  appearance  of  a  trochantiu,  but  under  a 
very  high  lens,  it  is  seen  that  this  fissure  does  not  extend  across 
the  coxa,  so  as  to  separate  the  outer  portion. 

Our  species  are  found  only  in  the  Atlantic  States,  and  belong 
to  the  genus  Ectopria  Lee.  It  differs  from  the  European  Eubria, 
by  the  mesosternum  being  oblique  and  slightly  concave,  instead 
of  flat  and  emarginate  in  front  as  in  that  genus.  Eurca  Lee, 
founded  upon  Eubria  nervosa  JSIels.,  must  be  suppressed  into 
Ectopria.  The  typical  specimen  was  in  very  bad  condition  and 
the  small  lobes  which  appeared  to  exist  under  the  tarsi  are  not 
visible  in  well-preserved  individuals. 


|.i 


DAi*CYLLIPAE. 


181 


Tri1>e  III.-IIELODIIVI. 

Sometimes  elongate,  usually  oval  species,  of  varied  color,  covered 
witli  11  vi-ry  deciduous  puln'sceiice  ;  the  clypeal  suture  is  not  visi- 
lile;  tlie  last  joint  of  the  labial  palpi  is  fre(juentl}'  inserted  at  the 
side  of  the  preceding  joint  and  not  at  the  apex  as  in  other  insects. 
The  thorax  is  usually  very  suuill ;  the  prostenmm  in  front  of  the 
toxiu  is  very  short,  and  not  visible  between  them.  The  anterior 
ioxa;  are  long,  obliijue,  and  conical,  and  lap  over  a  portion  of  the 
middle  coxse ;  the  hind  eoxal  plates  are  strongly  dilated  inter- 
nally. Tibiie  sulcate  externally,  usually  with  snmll  spurs,  in 
Scyrtes  with  longer  ones.  Tarsi  with  the  fourth  joint  larger  than 
the  third,  biloljcd  ;  claws  simple.  The  antennie  of  the  male  of 
rrionovi/iihon  (lii<coiilca  have  the  joints  4 — 10  furiushed  on  each 
size  with  a  cylindrical  a]»j»endage  longer  thau  the  joint.  The  fifth 
ventral  segment  is  rounded  at  tip. 

Our  genera,  all  having  the  fifth  joint  of  the  tarsi  short,  are  : — 

Laliial  i)ali>i  with  the  third  joint  iu.scrtud  on  the  side  of  tlie  Seconil ; 

Hind  legs  liirge,  saltatoiial.  StvuTKS. 

Hind  Ifgs  uiodHrate  ; 

First  joint  of  antennre  nuipli  diiatfd.  PiiioxotviMioN, 

First  joint  of  antennae  moderate,  Hkloiik.^. 

Labial  palpi  with  tlie  tliird  joint  at  the  end  of  the  second.  Cvi'iio.n. 

Ill  Ilelodes  the  hind  coxie  are  suddenly  dilated  internally,  and 
in  our  species,  the  head  is  covered  by  the  thorax,  which  is  rounded 
in  front;  these  species  form  Sncodcs  Lee.,  which  must  be  sup- 
])ressed.  In  I'rionocyphon  and  Cyphon  the  hind  coxiu  are  strongly 
but  gradually  dilated  internally.  Scyrtes  and  Cyphon  occur  nn 
both  sides  of  the  continent  ;  the  other  two  genera,  thus  far  only 
on  the  Atlantic  slope. 


\ 

< 

,^  * 

:'M 

•^■>^"l:^ 


Tribe  IV.— El'CI3fETIXI. 

Eucinetus,  a  geiuis  of  wide  distribution,  composes  this  tribe ; 
the  mouth  is  jirolonged  ;  the  head  deflcxed,  without  distinct 
clypeal  suture ;  the  prosternum  is  exceedingly  short  in  front  of 
the  coxae,  which  are  long  and  conical ;  the  middle  coxa;  are  large 
and  flat ;  the  posterior  ones  are  dilated  into  immense  obli(jue 
plates,  concealing  the  hind  legs  in  repose ;  the  metasternum  is 
consequently  short,  and  rhomboidal;  the  tibial  spurs  are  distinct, 
the  tarsi  somewhat  elongated,  filiform,  joints  1 — 4  decreasing  in 


■  ■i.-'y' 


;t? 


182 


coleopteha  op  Nonrit  amerkw. 


It'iigth ;    flaws   Hitnplo.     Ventral   Rogmciits   six.      The    body   is 
oiungiitu  oval,  convex,  brown  or  black,  j)iil)csc»'iil. 

The  internal  lobe  of  the  muxillu;  is  armed  witli  a  ttrminal  iiuuk 

Fam.  XL.— LAMPYRIUAE. 


I! 

PI 


-I 


ii 


Mentum  quadrate,  moderato  in  size,  frequently  formed  of 
two  pieces  separated  by  a  transverse  auture;  ligiila  not  cor- 
neous, prominent,  witliout  paragloss;e;  palpi  3  jointed. 

Maxillae  exposed  at  the  base,  with  two  ciliato  lobes,  the 
internal  of  which  is  sometimes  obsolete;  palpi  Ijointed. 

Antennro  serrate,  rarely  pectinate  or  flabellate,  usually  11- 
jointed,  insertetl  on  the  front,  more  or  less  distant,  according 
to  the  sub-family. 

Uead  sometimes  prominent,  sometimes  protected  by  the 
thorax ;  eyes  rounded. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate;  coxal  cavities 
large,  transverse ;  prothoracic  spiracle  usually  visible;  pro- 
sternum  very  short. 

Mesosternuin  triangular,  not  excavated;  side  pieces  large, 
attaining  the  coxao. 

Metasternum  with  side  pieces  large;  epimera  visible. 

Elytra  never  embracing  strongly  the  sides  of  the  abdomen, 
sometimes  short,  sometimes  (in  the  female  of  foreign  generu) 
entirely  wanting. 

Abdomen  with  seven  or  eight  free  ventral  segments. 

Anterior  coxse  contiguous,  conical,  with  large  trochantin  ; 
middle  coxae  oblique,  contiguous  (except  in  Lycini\  conical, 
with  or  without  trochantin ;  posterior  coxas  transverse,  pro 
minent,  internally  forming  a  conical  protuberance. 

Legs  slender,  or  compressed,  long  or  moderate;  trochanter 
in  the  axis  of  the  thigh ;  tibiaB  with  short  or  indistinct  ter- 
minal spurs;  tarsi  5-jointed,  not  lobed  beneath,  uniformly 
pubescent  in  the  first,  spongy  pubescent  in  the  second  sub- 
family, fourth  joint  more  or  less  bilobed ;  claws  variable  in 
form. 

Insects  of  moderate,  or  small  size,  of  elongate  form,  and  soft 
consistence,  found  on  plants.  Many  of  the  species  of  the  second 
tribe  of  the  first  sub-family  possess  the  remarkable  power  of 
emitting  light,  and  are  hence  called  fireflies. 

Two  sub-families  may  be  separated  : — 

Side  pieces  of  metathorax  slightly  curveil  internally.  Lamptiud^s. 

Side  pieces  of  uiotathoiax  sinuate  internally.  TELEPuoKiDiS. 


LAMPYUIDAE.  18^ 


Sub-Family  I.— LAMI'YHIDAE  (gcnuini). 


Tribe  I.-LYCIM. 


Tribe  II.— LAMPYRIXI. 

We  here  have  species  '.n  which  the  head  is  deeply  Immersed  in 
the  thorax,  and  protected  by  the  hood-like  thorax ;  the  antenna' 
are  approximate  and  inserted  upon  the  front ;  the  eyt  s  usually 


■M 

■'.   '' 

? 

t 

i 

\ 

,-'>•>.•{ 

1 

The  head  is  usually  Immersed  in  tlio  tli(»rax,  so  ns  to  conceal 
the  gular  portion  ;  tlio  unlcnmi!   are   generally  closely  approxi- 
mate, and  the  labrum  is  nearly  always  (luite  dislinct.     The  side  j 
pieces  of  the  mutathorax  are  wide ;  the  ei>iniera  arc  large,  and 
the  inner  outline  of  the  cpisterna  is  straight  or  slightly  convex. 

Three  tribes  are  represented  in  our  fauna  : — 


"■•I; 


f 


Autonnie  approximate ; 

Middle  coxiB  st'parato  ;  liead  uncovered.  Lypim.                                           «i.''.     ''"t 

Middle  coxa;  I'oiUigUDUs ;  Jiead  covered  by  thorax.  Lampvuini.                                                     •  ,' 

Auttiuuo)  distant  ;  head  pruiiiiueut.  ruE.NouDi.M. 


If 


In  this  tribe  we  have  species  in  which  the  aides  of  the  thorax  oij^ 

are  commonly  foliaceous,  but  the  head,  though  small,  deeply  im- 
mersed in  the  thorax,  and  deflexed,  is  not  covered  by  a  prolonga- 
tion of  the  thorax ;  the  antenuic  are  approximate,  much  compressed 
and  inserted  upon  the  front,  or  at  the  base  of  a  more  or  less  dis- 
tinct beak.  The  mandibles  are  small  and  simj)le  ;  the  maxillary 
palpi  tolerably  long  and  dilated.  The  side  j)ieces  of  the  meta- 
thorax  are  very  wide,  and  the  inner  margin  is  slightly  curved. 
The  trochanters  are  situated  entirely  in  the  axis  of  the  thighs, 
and  are  generally  longer  than  in  the  other  sub-families.      Ouv 

species  represent  only  one  tribe,   Lycini,  distinguished  by  the  '    '•■<  K 

defle-xed  head,  distinct  labrum,  and  distant  middle  coxie.  !■. 

Our  genera  are  : — 

Antennae  in  front  of  tlie  eyes,  at  the  base  of  the  beak; 

Head  prolonged  into  a  long  beak.  Lvrns. 

Head  with  a  short  broad  beak.  Dictyoptkhl's. 

Antennae  between  the  eyes  ; 

Head  with  a  very  short  be.ak  ;   (thorax  carinate).  Caloptbron. 

Head  without  beak ; 
Antennte  flabellate,  thorax  carinate.  Caema. 

Antsnnse  serrate,  thorax  not  carinate.  Erob. 


* 


f.' 


:-'i 


•'•tS 

•if 


1S4 


COLEnPTEHA  OF  NOUTII  AMKIltCA. 


very  Inrgc  ;  the  iniiiidildL-H  very  slender,  nctl  titotlied  ;  palpi  elon- 
gated, coinpresKed  :  tlio  middle  coxii!  ure  eoiitigiuiUH,  mid  tlio 
trocliuiiters  are  less  eli»iigiited  tliun  in  tlie  first  Kul)#ruiidly.  Tlio 
side  pieces  of  the  inetnlh(iriix  are  very  wide,  and  the  inner  inarjj;iii 
JH  straight,  or  slightly  curved.  The  last  ventral  segments  nf  the 
aljdiiiiieii  are  provided  with  a  phosphoreseeut  apparatus  in  the 
greater  nuii»lK,'r  of  the  species. 

Two  sub-tribes  exist  as  follows  :^ 

Ileiiil  entirely  covered  hy  tlie  {jrotlioriix.  LAMi'vni.M. 

lloail  pnrtially  coveroil  liy  tlio  iirotlionix.  Lut  h.i.i.m. 

Sn1)-Tribe  1.— Lailipyrilli  (genuini). 

The  genera  found  in  our  territory  belong  to  the  group  Luci- 

PtiT.E,  distinguished  from  the  Lami'YIiks,  by  the  females  having 

wings,  or  at  least  elytra,  though  the  latter  are  sometimes  very 

short. 

Second  joint  of  anteiinie  transverse  ; 
Anteniiftt  bipectiniitc ; 

Antennae  very  short,  14-jointed. 

Antennie  half  as  lonj;  as  the  liody,  11-jointod. 
Antennie  serrate,  l)road,  11-joiiited. 
Aiitennre  serrate,  ]--joiiiti'd,  the  last  joint  stiiall. 


Pl.EOTOMrB. 

CALYPTOCKI'llAI.ra. 

LUCIDOTA. 

IMlAI'SlH. 


Second  joint  of  antennie  not  transverse,  antenna;  compressed  or  nearly  lili- 

foriU.  PUOTI.NUS. 

rieotomns  occurs  in  Texas. 

Groups  of  species  in  Pluitinns  are  strongly  marked,  but  accord- 
ing to  Lacordaire  are  not  characterized  by  differences  of  generic 
value.  Our  species  are  numerous,  and  it  is  in  some  of  those  of 
the  third  division  of  Photinus  alone,  that  the  females  are  without 
wings,  and  have  the  elytra  much  aldireviated.  But  one  species 
of  the  first  division  of  Photinus  has  yet  been  brought  from  the 
Pacific  district ;  the  other  genera  are  not  represented  iu  that 
rej;ion. 

Sub-Tribe  2.— Liiciolini. 

The  wings  and  elytra  are  complete  in  both  sexes  of  all  the 
genera  of  this  tribe,  which  is  represented  in  our  fauna  by  four 
species  of  Photuris,  a  genus  forming  by  itself  a  group  distinguished 
by  the  head  being  narrowed  behind,  and  by  the  labrum  being 
indistinct,  characters  which  approximate  to  the  Telephoridaj. 
The  species  are  confined  to  the  Atlantic  district. 


II    ' 


i!'  i 


w 


LAMI'YUIDAE. 


Triiw  iii.-i>iii::s(;<>ui!M. 


185 


The  clmriu'tfrs  of  this  trihi!  iiro  titiit  the  Iil-iuI  is  not  covercil  1»y 
the  thorax  ;  it  is  ilccpl)  iintiuTsnl  in  tlic  lirst.  l»iU  less  so  in  th<' 
scrond  siil»-lril)c'  ;  tiic  nientimi  is  vtTy  siinill ;  tin-  untcniiii>  uro 
iiisiTtt'd  ill  IVoiit  of  tlio  t'ycs,  umhT  frontal  elevations,  and  ari' 
distant  tit  base.  The  side  pioceH  uf  the  nietathora.x  are  wide,  and 
the  inner  margin  is  slifjflitiy  curved  as  in  Lainpyrini,  Tlie  mid- 
dle ooxie  are  eonti^^uons,  or  very  nearly  so;  the  trochanters  luv 
moderate  in  leiij^th.  Tlie  tarsi  are  uniformly  i»iil)eseent  lieneatli, 
as  in  Lycini  and  Lunipyrini.  The  feuuiles  uru  nut  kuuwii  tu 
me. 

Our  two  genera  represent  distinet  sub-tribes  : — 

I'id.-iternum  well  devdopt'cl  in  front  of  coxa).  PTrnoTixi. 

I'rostoruum  v«ry  narrow  before  the  coxas.  I'iie.miouini. 


Xyr.: 

•1.    Kl] 

m 

,  '-;  .V'• 


Sul)-Tribo  1.— Ptcrotini. 

The  singular  Californian  genus,  Pterotus  Lcc  ,  ah)nc  constitutes* 
this  sub-trilje.  The  numdibles  are  long,  slender,  and  prominent,  as 
in  IMiengodes  ;  the  antenmu  are  11-jointed,  with  the  joints  t] — 10 
furnislied  internally  with  a  llatten(!d  briineh,  three  times  as  loiii;' 
as  the  joint  itself,  Tlie  prosternum  before  the  C(jxai  is  well  de- 
veloped, a  character  not  seen  in  any  other  American  genus  of  this 
family.  The  maxillary  paljii  are  cylindrical,  as  long  as  the  man- 
dibles, with  the  joints  ecpnil. 

P.  obscuripennin,  the  only  species  known,  is  less  than  half  an 
inch  long,  reddish  yellow,  with  the  head,  'antenniK  (except  the 
base)  and  the  elytra  blackish.     The  female  Is  unknown. 


Sub-Tribe  2.— Plieiigodini. 

The  prosternum  is  very  narrow  in  IVont  of  the  coxa?,  as  in  other 
Lanipyridte ;  the  maxillary  \n\\\n  are  long  and  slender  ;  the  lab- 
rum  is  not  very  distinctly  separated  from  the  front ;  the  head  is 
prominent,  and  the  gular  region  is  not  concealed. 

In  the  genus  Phengodes,  the  third  and  following  joints  of  the 
antennae  emit  two  very  loi>g,  slender,  and  flexible,  pubescent 
branches  from  near  the  base  ;  the  second  and  third  joints  are  very 
short.     The  elytra  are  one-third  the  length  of  the  aljdomen,  and 


f'   ■'-■is 


18() 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Strongly  divergent  and  subulate ;  the  'vings  are  laid  along  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  abdomen.     The  female  is  unknown  to  me. 

Two  species  are  found  in  our  country.  P.  j'luviosa,  testa- 
ceous, with  the  antennue,  excepting  the  base,  and  the  narrow  tips 
of  the  elytra  fuscous,  and  the  sides  of  the  thorax  broadly  de- 
pressed, is  found  from  New  York  to  Texas;  P.  fusciceps  Lee., 
from  Texas,  of  the  same  size,  form,  and  color,  but  with  the  head 
fuscous,  and  the  sides  of  the  thorax  only  narrowly  depressed. 

Lacordaire  states  that  the  species  of  Phengodes  emit  light ;  I 
have  never  seen  a  living  specimen,  but  no  appearance  of  phospho- 
rescent structure  is  visible  in  any  of  the  specimens  before  me. 

Sub-Family  II.— TELEPHORIDAE. 

The  head,  though  sometimes  slightly  protected  by  the  thorax,  is 
never  covered  by  it  as  in  Larapyrini ;  it  is  narrowed  behind  the 
eyes,  not  immersed  in  the  thorax,  and  its  gular  region  is  exposed. 
The  eyes  are  never  very  large.  The  antennaj  are  serrate  or  fili- 
form, inserted  upon  the  front,  and  somewhat  distant  at  base. 
The  labrum  is  very  closely  connected  with  the  front.  The  side 
pieces  of  the  mctathorax  are  moderately  wide,  and  the  epimera 
are  frequently  covered  in  part ;  the  episicrna  are  strongly  nar- 
rowed behind,  and  their  inner  margin  is  sinuate.  The  legs  are 
slender,  not  compressed  ;  the  trochanters  moderate ;  the  soles  of 
the  tarsi  are  flat  or  concave  and  spongy  pubescent,  except  in  the 
groups  Omethes  and  Malthini,  and  the  fourth  joint  is  bilobed. 

The  sides  of  the  thorax  are  never  foliaccous  ;  and  the  females 
are  not  very  different  in  form  from  the  males. 

Our  tribes  may  be  separated  thus  : — 

Mentum  very  long,  wider  in  front.  Chadliogjtathini. 

Meutum  small,  quadrate.  Telepuobim. 


Tribe  I.— CHAlI^IOG^ATniUTI, 

In  this  tribe  the  head  is  prolonged  before  the  eyes ;  the  max- 
illa; are  very  large  at  the  base,  and  the  outer  lobe  in  the  living 
insect  can  be  protruded,  forming  a  long  thread-like  process.  The 
maxillary  palpi  are  long,  and  but  slightly  dilated  ;  the  mentum  is 
elongate,  and  wider  in  front.  The  head  is  prolonged  behind  the 
eyes,  and  the  gular  sutures  coalesce  at  the  median  line.  The 
prosternum  is  small,  broadly  triangular,  and  the  antecoxal  plates 


LAMPYRIDAE. 


187 


arc  large  and  prominent.  The  middle  coxm  arc  separate,  but  tlio 
raesosternum  proper  appears  to  be  of  a  membranous  consistence. 
The  claws  of  the  tarsi  are  simple. 

Chauliognathus  has  been  found  in  the  Atlantic  and  Central 
districts ;  the  antenna)  are  filiform ;  the  elytra  are  as  long  or 
nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  and  rounded  at  tip.  The  anterior 
margin  of  the  thorax  is  rounded. 


'"''M 


Tribe  II.— TELEPHORIMI. 

The  head  is  but  slightly  prolonged  before  the  eyes  ;  the  maxillai 
are  moderate  in  size,  and  the  mentum  is  moderate,  or  small  and 
quadrate;  the  maxillary  palpi  are  moderately  long,  and  of  vari- 
able form.  The  antecoxal  plates  are  small,  not  conspicuous,  and 
the  prosternum  is  distinct  before  the  coxa3.  The  middle  coxa) 
arc  contiguous,  and  the  raesosternum  is  corneous. 

I  would  divide  our  genera  into  four  groups  : — 

Elytra  entirely  covering  the  wings  ; 

Third  joint  of  tarsi  prolonged  beneath.  Omethes. 
Third  joint  of  tarsi  simple  ; 

Cervical  sutures  confluent ;  thorax  truncate  in  front.  PonAnui. 

Ci^rvical  sutures  separate  ;  thorax  rounded  in  front.  TKi.KPiioiii. 

Elytra  abbreviated,  wings  exposed.  Maltuiki. 

Group  I.— Omethes. 

A  singular  little  insect,  found  ir-  the  Atlantic  States,  constitutes 
this  gronp.  The  head  is  short;  the  sutures  from  the  buccal  cavity 
are  widely  separated ;  the  palpi  are  moderately  long,  and  the  last 
joint  is  oblong,  not  dilated,  rounded  and  almost  truncate  at  tip; 
the  mandibles  are  long,  slender,  curved  and  acute ;  the  sides  of 
the  thorax  are  rounded,  and  strongly  margined;  the  anterior 
margin  is  slightly  emarginato.  The  antenna)  arc  long,  rather 
stout,  and  feebly  serrate,  with  the  second  joint  a  little  shorter 
than  the  third.  The  under  surface  of  the  first  joints  of  the  tar>i 
is  not  spongy;  the  third  joint  is  prolonged  beneath,  and  the 
fourth  joint  considerably  lobed ;  the  claws  are  dilated  at  base 
into  a  broad  tooth. 

The  species  Omethes  marginatus  is  nearly  one-fifth  of  an  inch 
long,  elongate,  black,  clothed  with  short  erect  hair;  the  thorax, 
legs  and  base  of  the  antenna}  are  reddish  yellow ;  the  elytra  are 
punctured,  and  feebly  striate,  with  the  suture  aud  margin  pale. 


i 

»■ 

i 

M 

it': 

188 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


I  have  been  much  at  a  loss  where  to  place  this  insect ;  the 
form  of  the  head,  and  oral  organs,  the  structure  of  the  under  sur- 
face, and  the  nunil)or  of  ventral  segments,  all  point  clearly  to  the 
present  family ;  the  episterna  of  the  metatliorax  are  sinuate  in- 
ternally, as  in  Telephorus,  and  the  epimera  in  great  part  covered, 
l)ut  the  prolongation  beneath  of  the  fourth  joint  of  the  tarsi  is 
altogether  abnormal.  An  approach  to  this  may  be  recognized 
in  a  small  sucker  at  the  tip  of  the  third  joint  of  the  tarsi  in 
riiengodes;  and  Omethes  may,  therefore,  be  regarded,  like  that 
genus,  as  one  of  the  links  connecting  the  two  subfamilies  of  this 
family. 

Group  II.— Podabil. 

The  head  is  more  elongated  than  in  the  next  group,  and  gra- 
dually narrowed  behind  the  eyes  ;  the  sutures  from  the  buccal 
(opening  coalesce  on  the  medial  line,  and  then  run  backwards. 
The  anterior  margin  of  the  thorax  is  truncate  or  emarginale,  not 
rounded  as  in  the  next  group.  The  last  joint  of  the  palpi  is 
always  dilated,  triangular  or  securiform,  but  narrower  than  in  the 
iiext  group ;  the  mandibles  are  slender,  curved,  pointed  and 
unarmed.     The  soles  of  the  tarsi  are  spongy  pubescent. 

I  consider  our  species  as  belonging  to  but  one  genus,  I'odabrus ; 
they  may  be  divided  into  two  groups,  according  as  the  claws  are 
armed  with  a  long  acute  tooth,  giving  them  the  appearance  of 
being  cleft,  or  with  a  broad  basal  tooth.  The  first  division  cor- 
responds to  Braehynotus  Kirbij  {Mallhacus  Motsch.),  and  the 
second  to  Malthacus  Kirhy  (Dichclptarsus  Motsch.). 


Group  III.— Telephorl. 

The  head  is  shorter  in  this  than  in  the  preceding  group,  and 
the  sutures  from  the  buccal  opening  run  backwards,  without  uniting 
at  the  medial  line.  The  thorax  is  always  rounded  from  the  sides 
along  the  anterior  margin.  The  genera  are  not  separated  by 
very  definite  characters,  and  it  would  perhaps  be  advisable  to 
unite  together  all  but  the  last.  The  palpi  are  moderate  in  length, 
and  the  last  joint  is  usually  securiform,  rarely  suboval.  The 
daws  are  commonly  toothed  or  bifid,  or  at  least  broader  at  the 
base,  but  in  Ditemnus  are  sleudei".  The  soles  of  the  tarsi  are 
spongy  pubcicent. 


. 


LAMPYniPAE.  IsO 


'ffj 


•'.'\ 


■ii 


f,. 


last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  dilatod,  ami  securiform  ;  t^i-  '' l: 

lliiicl  angles  of  thorax  rounded  ;  '                                         ! '  ,■'    ^'  . 

Head  moderately  long  ;  «'  i'i'  Pt 

Front  broadly  rounded  at  tip  ;  claws  cleft.  RnAfioxYcuA.                                          .*;     '  '^ 

Front -emarginate  at  tip  :  claws  toothed,  rarely  cleft.  TKi.iii'nonrs.                                         ''•.'? 

Head  short  and  broad  ;  claws  not  cleft.  roi-LMics.                                           '':,(•/' 

Hind  angles  of  thorax  incised  ;  head  short  and  broad.  Hiua.                                           ."    '       •■ 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  suboval,  ol)li(iiiely  truncate  ;  '.  • 'i 

Bides  of  thorax  biiucised ;  antenn;e  stronL;ly  seirati;.  Ditkm.nus.  '      '-,"' 

\'  .    '*■■■ 
The  type  and  only  species  of  Ditenuuis  is  Silis  Icpida  Lee.  ;  ';; 

the  female  is  unknown.     The  hind  nnnrlos  of  the  thura.x  in  the  ;,        *, 

male  are  deeply  incised  ;  the  posterior  ijortioii  forms  a  long  obtuse 
process;  the  anterior  portion  a  long  spim.',  in  front  of  this  the 
sides  are  emarginate,  and  the  auterior  angles  are  promiueut  later- 
ally and  rounded. 

Group  IV.-Malthini. 

The  head  is  moderately  short,  fre(]U(.'ntly  large  and  strongly 
narrowed  behind  the  eyes;  the  gular  sutures  coalesce  on  the 
median  line  ;  the  anterior  margin  of  the  th<M'a.\'  is  broadly  r(jun(lf(l. 
The  elytra  are  much  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  and  the  wings  arc 
exposed  and  folded  along  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  aljilomcn.  The 
niandiljJes  are  shorter  and  stouter  than  in  the  preceding  groups, 
and  are  toothed  in  some  genera,  simj)le  in  others.  Tlie  tarsi  arc 
not  spongy  pubescent  beneath,  and  the  first  joints  are  compressed. 

Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  triangular  ;  ' 

Manilibles  strongly  toothed  ;  claws  with  broad  tooth,  contiguous  at  base. 

TuVlMIlillL'S. 

Mandibles  ;  claws  small,  acute,  not  toothed.     Louetus. 

Maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  oval  pointed  ; 

AuteniiJB  strongly  serrate.  Tytthonyx. 

Antenna)  filiform,  distant  from  the  eyes  ;  mandibles  toothed.  -;■ 

MALTiusrs. 
Antennae  filiform,  very  near  the  eyes  ;  mandibles  simple.     Mai.tiiodhs. 

Lacordaire  describes  the  mandibles  of  Trypheriis  as  slender 

and  simple.     It  is  verv  difficult  in  these  insects  to  see  the  form  ,'  1» 

^  '     If' 

of  the  mandil)les  without  dissection,  and   I    find,  in   the  jiresi'iit  '  ' 

case,  that  they  are  stouter  than  usual  in  this  family,  and  armcil 

near  the  tip  with  a  strong  tooth.      Renewed   observations  will 

therefore  be  necessary  to  establish  the  difference  between  Try-  J      , 

pherus  and  the  East  Indian  genus,  Ichlhyurus  ]Vcslj:ood.  \   -   .'.'..yi 


•  '...'■''' 


•'■ 

1 

-i 

fe.1 

}  . 

190 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


The  species  I  refer  doubtfully  to  Lobetus  is  Malthinus  abdomi- 
7idlis  Lee.,  but  the  specimen  is  in  very  bad  condition. 

Of  these  genera  3Iulthodes  alone  has  yet  occurred  on  the 
Pacific  slope. 

Fam.  XLI.— M  a  L  a  C  II I  d  a  e  . 


Mentum  small,  quadrate,  corneous;  ligula  prominent; 
palpi  3-jointed. 

Maxilite  exposed  at  the  base,  with  two  unarmed  lobes ; 
palpi  moderately  long,  ^jointed. 

Antennte  inserted  upon  the  front  at  the  sides,  generally 
before  the  eyes;  usually  serrate,  and  11. -jointed. 

Head  exserted,  prolonged  into  a  short  broad  beak ;  eyes 
rounded  (eraarginate  in  some  foreign  genera);  mandibles 
small;  labrum  distinct;  epistoma  separated  from  the  front 
by  a  transverse  suture,  and  frequently,  in  whole  or  in  part, 
membranous. 

Prothorax  not  foliaceous  at  the  sides;  prosternum  short, 
not  extending  between  the  coxiu ;  coxal  cavities  large,  trans- 
verse, open  behind. 

Mesosternum  short,  oblique,  flat,  side  pieces  attaining  the 
coxie. 

Metasternum  short,  side  pieces  usually  wide,  epimera 
scarcely  visible. 

Elytra  sometimes  entire,  sometimes  abbreviated. 

Abdomen  with  six  free  ventral  segments;  the  sixth  indis- 
tinct in  some  genera  of  the  second  tribe. 

Anterior  coxae  large,  conical,  contiguous,  with  distinct 
trochantin;  middle  coxte  contiguous,  conical,  prominent; 
posterior  coxa3  transverse,  conical,  and  prominent  internally ; 
not  covered  by  the  thighs. 

Legs  moderately  long,  slender;  tibiae  with  indistinct  ter- 
minal spurs;  tarsi  5-jointed  (the  anterior  ones  in  the  males 
of  certain  foreign  genera,  4-jointed),  filiform;  the  fourth  joint 
entire  (except  in  a  few  foreign  genera);  claws  usually  each 
with  a  large  inferior  membranous  appendage. 

This  family  was  first  established  by  Eriehson,  under  the  name 
MelyridtE,  and  though  considered  by  Lacordaire  as  only  a  por- 
tion of  his  family  Malacodcrmes,  it  appears  to  me  fully  capable  of 
taking  rank  as  distinct.  The  different  position  of  the  antennye, 
and  the  presence  of  the  separate  piece  between  the  labrum  and 
the  front,  distinguish  it  from  the  Lampyrida;,  as  herein  defined. 


MALACIIIDAE. 


101 


It  is,  moreover,  remarkable  for  exhibiting  certain  characters 
nut  seen  in  the  ueighborlng  I'aiullles ;  thus  in  one  tribe  the  butly 
is  furnished  with  soft  extensible  vesicles,  and  the  ventral  segments 
of  the  abdomen  are  frequently  in  part  nienibrauuus ;  in  the  second, 
the  apparent  ventral  segments  are  sometimes  but  live  in  number ; 
ihe  occurrence  of  memljranous  appendages  between  the  claws  of 
the  tarsi  is  almost  universal ;  and  the  fourth  joint  of  the  tarsi  is 
bilobed,  only  by  a  very  rare  exception. 

The  affinities  of  the  family  appear  to  conduct  directly  from  the 
Lamj)yridie  to  the  Cleridie,  with  a  strong  tendency  to  inosculate, 
through  Byturus,  with  the  Dermestidie.  We  have  already  ob- 
served in  the  Byrrhidaj  and  Parnidic  on  the  one  side,  and  the 
Dascyllidaj  and  Schizopodida;  on  the  other,  similar  affinities  be- 
tween the  Serrieorn  and  Clavieorn  series. 

I  would  consider  our  genera  as  indicating  three  tribes  : — 

T5o(ly  with  exti'n!iil)lo  vesicles.  Malacuiki. 
IJody  without  vesicles ; 

Kyes  finely  granulated ;  Da-sytini. 

Eyes  coarsely  granulated.  Ruai>alim. 

Tribe  I.-MALACHIIVI. 

Body  with  lateral  vesicles  capable  of  distension  ;  the  anterior 
pair  proceeding  from  a  fissure  beneath  the  anterior  angles  of  the 
prothorax  :  head  short ;  mandibles  toothed  at  the  extremity  ;  eyes 
entire,  finely  granulated  ;  palpi  moderate,  in  our  genera  slender  ; 
last  joint  of  the  tarsi  with  two  membranous  appendages  beneath 
the  claws  ;  ventral  segments  six,  always  distinct. 

The  species  of  this  tribe  are  small  insects  found  on  flowers,  and 
on  the  ground  near  water ;  many  of  them  are  of  pleasing  colors, 
but  all  are  of  small  size.  The  form  is  varied,  some  resembling  at 
first  view  certain  Staphylinidte. 

The  sexual  characters  are  various ;  in  Collops  the  third  joint 
of  the  antennte  is  much  enlarged  and  distorted  in  the  male.  In 
jVnthocomus,  Attains,  and  Ebitus,  the  elytra  at  the  extremity  are 
impressed,  prolonged,  and  distorted  ;  tlie  second  joint  of  the  an- 
terior tarsi  is  obliquely  prolonged  and  dilated  in  the  males  of  At- 
tains, Microlipus,  and  Endeodes. 

Our  genera  are  numerous,  and  may  be  tabulated  thus  : — 
AntenniB  apparently  10-jointed.  Collops. 

Antenna;  evidently  11-jointed  ; 

inserted  on  the  front,  nearly  between  the  eyes ; 


m 


■  I  ■ 


192 


COLEOl'TEUA  OF  NOIITII  AMtniCA. 


Head  elongatcJ.  Tasaops. 

Head  short  ; 
Epistouia  large,  in  part  corneou3.  Malaciir's. 

Epistoiiia  siiort,  entirt-ly  uuMiilnanoua.  HAPALouuihUd. 

inserted  at  tliu  sides  near  the  aiiiurior  inaririn  of  the  front ; 
Elytra  nearly  or  (juite  covering  the  ahdoinen  ; 
Anterior  tarsi  slender  and  simjilo  in  1k)11i  sexes  ; 

Epistomu  membranous,  ventral  segments  partly  membranous. 

A.NTIIDCOJIUS. 

Anterior  tarsi  slender,  second  joint  oblicjuo  and  prolonged  in  %  ; 
Epistoma  membranous  ;  ventral  segments  partly  membranous. 

Attali's. 
Epistoma  corneous,  indistinct ;  ventral  segments  entirely  corneous. 

AcLETl'S. 

Anterior  tarsi  stouter,  not  conspicuously  deformed  in  the  male  ;  epis- 
toma not  vary  distinct ;  ventral  segments  corneous  ; 
Body  oval,  or  ovate,  legs  moderate.  EriAEfs. 

Body  elongate,  legs  long.  Muiioi.iPfs. 

Elytra  short ;  anterior  tarsi  of  the  %  with  the  second  joint  obliquely  di- 
lated and  prolonged;  epistoma  large  membranous;  abdominal  seg- 
ments entirely  corneous.  E.MiKorKs. 

Tanaops,  Uapalorliiiius,  Microlipus,  and  Endcodes  are  found 
only  in  California  ;  Acletus  has  occurred  only  at  Lake  Superior. 
The  other  genera  arc  widely  diffused  except  ^lalacliius,  of  which 
one  European  species,  M.  aeneus,  has  been  introduced  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 

The  female  of  Microlipus  is  without  wings,  and  was  described 
])y  me  as  belonging  to  Charopns,  from  which  it  differs  by  having 
the  joints  1 — 4  of  the  anterior  tarsi  equal  in  length.  The  species 
of  Endcodes  were  formerly  considered  by  me  as  belonging  to 
Atelestus. 

The  species  here  referred  to  Attains  correspond  to  groups  2 
and  3  of  Anthocomus  as  established  by  Ericlison,  and  to  Scaloi>- 
terus  Motsch.  Duval  has  shown  that  they  do  not  differ  geiierically 
from  the  type  of  Attains,  and  has  very  pro])erly  combined  them 
with  that  genus.    Tanaops  corresponds  with  Ccjjhaligtcs  3Iotsch. 


!  '!' 


Tribe  II.-DA§¥TINI. 

Body  without  lateral  vesicles ;  angles  of  the  prothorax  not 
fissured  beneath  ;  front  prolonged  into  a  short  beak  in  our  species  : 
antennte  inserted  on  the  sides  of  the  head,  in  front  of  the  eyes, 
which  are  finely  granulated.  Claws  of  the  tarsi  either  with  or 
without  membranous  appendages. 


m 


MALACIIIDAE. 


VX] 


In  some  gonomof  tliis  tribe,  the  niidille  and  hind  coxa;  rcsenil)l(> 
those  of  IJyturiis,  \vhii;h,  however,  dill'er.s  by  the  anterior  coxio 
being  separated  by  the  prostermuu,  and  by  the  tarsi  being  lobed 
beneath.  To  add  to  tlie  resemblance,  the  sixth  ventral  segment 
is  frequently  by  no  moans  distinct. 

Our  genera  are  as  folhnvs,  all  having  tlie  last  joint  of  the  max- 
illary palpi  nearly  cylindrical. 

First  joint  of  tarsi  not  shorter  than  the  second  ;  (hody  punctured) ; 
Claws  of  tlie  tarsi  with  membriinous  append.'iyi's, 

which  are  broad  and  connate  entirely  or  in  great  part  witli  the  cl'iws  ; 
thorax  without  impressed  lines; 

Anterior  tiliix'  witli  a  range  of  spines  on  the  outer  margin  ;  thorax 

not  serrate  or  ciliate  at  the  sides.  1'uistoslf.i.is. 

Anterior  tibise  not  spinous  ;  thorax  ciliate  at  the  sides  wliich  ar» 
usually  serrate.  Listi:'s. 

which  are  narrow  and  free  almost  to  the  base  •  thorax  with  an  im- 
pressed line  near  the  lateral  margin  ; 

Both  claws  with  appendages  Esciiatocuepis. 

One  claw  with  an  appendage,  the  other  toothed  at  base.  Ai.lo.n  yx. 

Claws  of  the  tarsi  broadly  toothed,  without  .appendages.  Dasytks. 

First  joint  of  tarsi  shorter  than  the  second  ;  claws  without  appendages  ; 

(body  cribrate-punutate,  edge  of  thorax  and  elytra  serrate.)     Melvkis. 

The  species  in  my  collection  appertain  as  follows,  to  the  genera 
above  mentioned.  Those  of  Pristoscelis  nmy  be  divided  into  three 
groups  :  1.  Pubescence  not  erect,  appendages  of  claws  rounded 
at  tip  (Byturosomus  and  Emmenotarsus  Jlotxrh.) ;  D.  rujij^rs 
Motsch.,  ((/ri6'(Uis|jLec.) ;  brcvicoi-nis  hoc  :  2.  Pubescence  not 
erect,  appendage  of  one  claw  truncate  (Trichochrous  Motsvh.)  ; 
]).  fuscus  Lee.  :  3.  Pubescence  erect,  appendages  of  claws 
rounded  at  tip  (Emmenotarsus  Jlofsch.)  ;  D.  rufipcunis  Lee.,  D. 
quadricolUs  Lee,  and  the  remaining  species  of  my  group  A — a. 
(Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  Sc,  Philadelphia,  \l,  169.) 

To  Listrus  Motsch.,  belong  D.  canescens  Mann.,  and  allied 
species  ;  this  and  the  preceding  genus  is  di.stril)uted  from  Kansas 
to  the  Pacific. 

■  Of  Eschatocrcpis  but  one  Californian  species,  D.  cont'tn'vtiis 
Lee,  is  known  to  me  ;  it  is  closely  allied  to  the  European  Ilaploc- 
nemus  in  characters,  but  diflcrs  in  appearance.  Of  Allonyx  also, 
but  one  Californian  species,  D.  sculi'tilis,  is  kncnvn.  A  single 
nondescript  species  of  Dasytes,  from  California,  is  in  my  collection  ; 
D.  breviusculus  Motsch.,  is  nearly  related  to  it. 
13 


h 


■  ■3 


Mr 


.      '  .  •  '  •■ 


■    » 


.  » 


■»_:i 


r    It 


194 


f'dl.EOPTEUA  OF  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


To  Melyris  belong  two  species  from  the  Atlantic  States,  D, 
haaalis  uiid  <  ribralus  Lee. 

Tribe  III.— RnADALI.\I. 

A  single  species,  Rhadalua  Icstaceus  Lcc,  from  California  and 
Arizona,  by  its  strongly  granulated  eyes,  and  much  elongated 
maxillary  palpi,  with  the  last  joint  large  and  securiform  is  capa- 
ble of  being  received  as  a  distinct  tribe.  It  is  a  transition  form 
from  the  present  to  the  iie.xt  family,  from  which  it  differs  by  tho 
joints  of  the  tarsi  not  being  lobed  or  spongy  beneath,  and  by  the 
claws  being  provided  with  long  membranous  appendages  which 
are  free,  except  at  base. 


Fam.  XLII.— cleridae. 


*     /■ 


Mentum  quadrate,  moderate  in  size;  ligula  membranous, 
or  coriaceous,  without  paragluasoe;  labial  palpi  B-jointed,  fre- 
quently very  long  and  dilated. 

MaxilloB  exposed  at  the  base,  with  two  ciliate  unarmed 
lobes  ;  palpi  ijointed,  with  the  last  joint  frequently  securi- 
form. 

Head  prominent,  eyes  usually  emarginate;  epistoma  dis- 
tinct from  the  front,  membranous  or  coriaceous  anteriorly  ; 
mandibles  short,  labrum  distinct. 

Antennre  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  front,  usually  11 -jointed, 
serrate,  or  pectinate,  or  with  the  outer  joints  enlarged  forming 
a  serrate,  or  rarely  a  compact  club. 

Prothorax  with  the  side  pieces  not  separate,  though  in  one 
tribe  they  are  defined  by  a  side  margin ;  coxal  cavities  open 
behind, sometimes  round, sonietunes  transverse;  prosternum 
short,  not  prolonged. 

Mesosternum  fiat,  side  pieces  extending  to  the  coxa^. 

Metasternum  with  long  narrow  side  pieces;  epimera 
scarcely  visible. 

Elytra  entire,  or  nearly  so,  with  the  epipleurae  distinct, 
narrow. 

Abdomen  with  five  or  six  free  ventral  segments. 

Anterior  coxae  conical,  prominent,  contiguous,  or  very 
slightly  separated,  trochantin  sometimes  distinct ;  middle 
coxoe  rounded,  not  or  very  slightly  prominent,  and  not  con- 
tiguous in  many,  but  conical  and  prominent  in  Enopliini, 


CLEUIDAK.  105 


¥1 


usually  with  distinct  trochantin  ;  hind  coxte  transverse,  not  *', 

prominent,  covered  by  the  thighs  in  repose.  '-,'1  i 

Legs  slender,  frequently  long,  trochanters  on  the  internal  "T    \] 

margin  of  the  thiglis;  tibiaj  with  the  terminal  spurs  small  or  ]■  '■  .'Ij 

indistinct;  tarsi  o-jointed;  the  fourth  joint  in  Enopliini  very  , 
small  aud  iudistitiet;  joints  1 — 4  furnished  beneath  witii 

membranous  appendages;   claws  simple  or  toothed,  never  : 

with  membranous  appendages  as  in  Melyridio.  - 

A  tolerably  numerous  family  of  insects  found  on  plants,  or  on  ,  ' 

tbe  trunks  of  trees,  but  which  In  the  larva  state  are  carnivorous, 

preying  upon  other  insects  like  the  Lampyridic  and  Melyrida;.  ,.  ' 

The  larvte  of  various  Trichodes  are  found  in  tiie  nests  of  bees. 
A  few  (Corynetes,  Necrobia,)  live  on  dead  animal  matter.  Many 
of  the  species  are  of  beautiful  color  and  graceful  form. 

The  genera  may  be  arranged  in  two  tribes. 

Tarsi  with  fourtli  joint  of  noriiial  size  ;  pronotum  continuous  with  tht>  flnjiks  '  i' 

of  tlie  thorax.  Ci.kui.m. 

Tarni  wit li  the  fourth  joint  very  small  and  indistinct;  pronotum  separated 

from  the  dauks  by  a  marginal  line.  E.nopliim.  ' 

I'"  ■ 
Tribe  I.— CLERI!¥I. 


:;.r.j 


'^y:":'«: 


The  fourth  joint  of  the  tarsi  equal  to  the  third,  and  the  flanks 
or  tlie  prothorax  continuous  with  the  back,  are  sullicient  to  cause 
the  members  of  this  tribe  to  be  recognized  :  I  will  only  say  farther, 
that  the  middle  coxte  arc  scarcely  prominent,  and  are  moderately 
distant.  Three  groups  are  indicated  by  the  genera  represented 
in  our  fauna : — 

First  joint  of  tarsi  distinct,  at  least  equal  to  the  second.  Tilli. 

First  joint  of  tarsi  covered  by  the  second  ; 

Eyes  emargiuato  in  front.  Clkri.  ;  . 

Eyes  entire.  Hyd.noceki. 

Group  I.-TUII. 

Insects  of  a  very  long  and  slender  form  ;  the  head  is  large  ;  the 
eyes  transverse,  emarginate  in  front:  the  protbora.Y long, with  tlie 

coxal  cavities  smaller  than  usual  ;  the  middle  co.xai  are  round,  ' 

slightly  prominent;  tarsi  with  five  distinct  joint.s,  the  first  fre-  ; 

(juently  longer  than  the  second;  claws  toothed  ;  maxillary  palpi  ? 

with  the  last  joint  cylindrical.  ;       ,   .|| 

Antennre  10-jointed,  the  last  joint  very  long  and  flat.  ELA«MOCBRrs. 

Autenuai  11-joiuted;  serrate; 


M 


■■d 


IDG 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMEUll'A. 


Eyt'.s  finely  grniiulated ; 

Liiliriim  (MitiiM.  TiM.r«. 

LaUnim  niiiaigiiiftte,  poatorior  thighs  elongated.  Peuilyj-l's. 

Eyort  coaraoly  graiiuliiled.  Cvmatuukua. 

Elttsmooenis  inhabits  tho  Atlanticdistrict,  Cymntodorn  is  witloly 
(iitl'ust'd,  tlui  representatives  of  tlio  otiier  freiicra  are  uiii<iit)wn  to 
me.  TilluK  collaris  is  found  in  Georgia,  and  Perilypus  is  said  to 
be  from  California.  '  • 

Group  II.— Clerl. 

Head  largo,  eyes  not  very  prominent,  eniarginate  in  front ;  mid- 
dle eoxtc  rounded,  slightly  prominent ;  tarsi  with  the  first  joint 
nuR'h  shorter  than  the  second,  and  covered  by  it,  so  us  not  to  be 
visil)le  from  above  ;  the  species  are  more  numerous  than  in  the 
other  groups. 

E/e3  strongly  granulated. 

Antunna)  serratn,  maxillary  palpi  cylindrical.  Priocera. 

Autemiffi  with  the  joints  9 — 11  larger;  all  the  palpi  dilated. 

Taksostekcs. 
liyes  finely  granulated. 
Maxillary  palpi  somewhat  dilated,  anteunal  club  triangular. 

Tkicuode.s. 
Maxillary  palpi  not  dilated  ; 

Posterior  tarsi  short,  not  dilated.  Tuaneboclerus. 

Posterior  tarsi  moderate,  broadly  dilated.  Clekus. 

Posterior  tarsi  longer,  scarcely  dilated  ; 

Body  hairy,  opake.  Tiianasimcs. 

Body  less  hairy,  shining.  Cleronomcs. 

The  last  genus,  identical  with  Colyphus  Spinola,  is  unknown 
to  me,  the  species  are  said  to  be  from  California ;  the  characters 
are  declared  by  Lacordairc  to  be  very  similar  to  those  of  Thanasi- 
mus,  but  the  appearance  of  the  species  is  very  different. 

Trichodes  and  Clerus  are  widely  extended  ;  the  other  genera 
are  reoresented  only  in  the  Atlantic  district. 


Group  III.— Hydnocerl. 

Head  large,  eyes  very  prominent,  entire ;  middle  coxa;  not 
prominent,  slightly  separated  ;  tarsi  with  the  first  joint  shorter  than 
the  second,  principally  inferior ;  maxillary  palpi  cylindrical. 

But  one  genus  of  this  group,  Hydnocera,  exists  in  our  fauna. 
It  is  widely  diffused  ;  the  species  are  small,  and  have  the  form  of 
Cicindela  ;  they  are  found  on  leaves  of  trees,  and  are  active,  taking 


f' 


CLEUIDAE. 


107 


winpf  easily.     Tlic  nntcnure  are  slHirt,  sk'iider,  and  tcruiiuateil  by 
a  tiniull  roiindi'il  umsd  cuiupused  of  two  joiiitn. 

Tribe  II.-£\OPLII.\I. 

In  this  tribe  the  fourth  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  very  small,  and  ru- 
dimentary, forming  merely  a  sliffht  enlargement  at  the  base  of  the 
last  joint;  the  pronotnm  is  separated  from  the  Hanks  (execpt  iu 
lehnea)  l)y  a  ni(»re  or  less  distinet  elevated  niiirgin.  The  middle 
coxuj  are  prominent,  conical,  and  contiguous  in  the  lirst  group, 
but  nut  prominent  and  slightly  separate  in  the  second,  in  wliich 
loo  are  found  the  only  species  which  devour  dead  animal  matter. 

Antennne  with  the  external  joints  large,  flattene<l,  triangular.       Kmitma. 
Antenna)  with  the  last  three  joints  forming  a  .small  club.  Cokynktes. 

Group  I.— EnopUa. 

The  last  joints  of  the  antennaj  in  these  insects  are  flat,  much 
dilated  and  triangular,  thus  forming  a  serrate  ma.ss  ;  in  tiic  nuile 
the  inner  angle  of  the  triangular  joints  is  freipiently  {jrolongcd 
greatly.  Finding  that  in  I'liyllobicnus  the  pronotum  is  dcfiiicd 
by  a  distinct  lateral  line,  1  have  been  obliged  to  remove  il  t(j  the 
present  tribe,  instead  of  constituting  with  it  a  group  of  tiie  pre- 
vious tribe.  The  structure  of  tiie  tarsi  is  also  as  in  Ktioplium, 
the  fourth  joint  being  very  small.  Ichnea,  with  the  tarsi  luid 
antennte  of  this  tribe  and  group,  presents  a  thorax  having  tlie 
pronotum  entirely  continuous  with  the  Hanks,  as  iu  the  preceding 
tribe. 

A.  Eyes  emarginate  internally ; 

AntennsB  10-jointed,*  club  3-jointed,  not  longer  than  the  other  portion. 

PUYI.LOII.-K.M'W. 

Antennte  with  intermediate  joints  indi.stinct  and  very  short,  club  3-j(iintfd, 
with  each  joint  as  long  as  the  ba.sal  part  of  tiie  autenuje.         U  h.nea. 

B.  Eyes  emarginate  in  front ; 

First  joint  of  tarsi  equal  to  the  second,  antennte  11-jointed ; 

Auterior  tibL-e  serrate  externally.  CuARiKSfiA. 

Anterior  tibi.'e  not  serrate.  CuEiiVA. 

First  joint  of  tarsi  shorter  than  the  second,  inferior  ; 

Eyes  Unely  granulate,  antennre  lO-jointed.  ENorr.irM. 

Eyes  coarsely  granulate,  antenna;  11-joiuted.  Oktiioplkl-ka. 

*  Lacordaire  .ind  Spinolaboth  describe  the  antenufe  as  11-jointed  ;  I  have, 
after  examining  .-ieveral  individuals,  found  the  number  of  joints  to  be  only 
ten. 


■M 


;'k 


f 


i ., '.' 


m 


:t.;.  m: 


198 


COI.KdI'TKllA  OF  NnllTir  AMKUKA. 


I  have  combined  with  Chariessji,  J'l  Ionium  Spin.,  ns  tlii'iv  ddcs 
not  apiH-iir  to  l)o  any  H\iHli;irnt  (.imructtT  to  m-purute  tiu-ui.  The 
Hpi't'it's  liuving  tl»o  widi'S  of  the  thorax  sinuate,  dirt'cr  liy  tho  antorior 
tibiiu  not  hoing  sorrate  cxtt'rnttlly,  and  I  liavc  thcnfori'  si-paratid 
tlicnj  to  form  tlic  now  giMius  Cregya  :  tlwy  iirc  I'tlmiium  rrtufitidii 
Spin.,  Kiioiilium  faxiiatimi  lA'i'.,  ai\t\  ('lrntn  nculaliis  f>ay.  Of 
these  gont-ra  CIniricssa  and  (,'rogya  arc  rcpresi-utod  in  the  racilio 
au  well  aH  iu  tho  Atlantic  districts. 


Ii: 


Oronp  II.— Corynetes. 

Insects  of  small  size,  witli  the  antcnme  1 1 -jointed,  the  last  three 
joints  forming  a  small  clul) ;  the  maxillary  pal|ii  are  longer  than 
the  labial,  which  are  only  of  orilinary  length,  and  not  of  large  size 
as  in  tho  preceding  members  of  this  family.  Our  species  of  Xe- 
crobia  have  been  introduced  from  Kurope,  and  live  ou  animal 
materials  in  houses,  and  in  dried  carrion  in  the  open  air. 

Tho  genera  aro  as  follows : — 

First  joint  of  tarsi  t>qual  to  the  second ; 

Clul>  of  antennre  elougftted,  loose.  Lkbahibm.a. 

Club  of  autennin  small,  coinpaot.  L.xiutDnii'.H. 

Fir.st  joint  of  tarsi  sliorter  and  partly  covered  by  the  second,  club  of  aiittn- 

uie  oompaot ; 

Palpi  with  the  last  joint  elongate,  truncate.  Necrobia. 

I'alpi  ',vith  the  last  joint  subulate.  Opetiopai  i-i's. 

The  genus  Laricobius  Is  remarkable  for  the  elytra  having  rows 
of  large  quadrate  punctures:  tho  thorax  is  smaller  than  usual, 
transverse,  marked  with  large  scattered  punctures.  Our  species 
is  one-tenth  of  an  inch  long,  of  a  browni.sh-red  color,  clothed  with 
short  black  hairs :  I  have  named  it  L.  rubidus ;  it  was  found 
near  Washington,  D.  C,  by  Mr.  U.  Ulke. 


Fam.  XLIIL—L  Y  M  E  X  Y  L  I  d  a  e  . 


Mentum  small, quadrate,  corneous;  ligula  coriaceous,  small ; 
palpi  Sjointed. 

IMaxillce  exposed  at  base,  with  two  small  ciliate  lobes; 
palpi  4-jointed,  stout,  in  the  male  very  large,  flabellate. 

Antennse  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  bead,  lljointed.  ser- 
rate. 


ni'EsinAE. 


I'.i',) 


ITend  defloxed,  narrowed  behind;  eyes  usually  very  hiigi.i; 
niniidiblos  moderate,  labrum  and  eiypous  distinct. 

I'rothorax  with  the  hiteral  margin  well  d-'fined,  side  ])it'cos 
not  separate;  prosternum  sliort;  coxal  cavities  round,  cun- 
Uuent  in  our  genera,  open  behind. 

Mesosternum  buuiII,  llat,  ^ide  pieces  large,  attaining  widely 
the  cox  JO. 

^fetastornum  long,  with  narrow  side  pieces ;  epimora  not 
visible. 

Klytra  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen  in  our  genera,  much 
abbreviated  in  Atractocerus. 

Abdomen  with  five  tree  ventral  segments  in  Lymexylon, 
with  six  or  seven  in  Atractocerus  and  llylocoetus. 

Anterior  coxiu  conical,  large,  prominent,  contiguous  in 
our  genera,  distant  in  Atractocerus;  middle  coxa.'  al.s(^  lurge, 
conical,  Contiguous;  posterior  coxa3  transverse,  conical,  pruini- 
nent  internally,  contiguous. 

Legs  slender,  moderately  long;  tibia3  with  small  terminal 
spurs;  tarsi5  jointed,  filiform;  claws  simple. 

This  family  contains  but  three  pencra,  of  wliieli  one,  Atrnoto- 
ceruH,  lias  not  yet  oceurrcd  in  our  fauna,  but  may  be  expected  in 
Arizona  or  Texas,  as  I  have  already  seen  sp'-cinieiis  from  (Mil- 
liuahua.  A  spceies  of  Lymexylon  is  very  destructive  to  ship 
timber  in  northern  Europe,  but  no  danger  is  to  ))e  npi)rehendc(l 
from  our  species,  which  is  very  rare.  The  genus  Ilylocootiis  is 
remarkable  for  having  a  small  ocellus  at  the  middle  of  the  front. 

Al)dom<Mi  with  six  vontral  scfjiiients,  elytra  cutirfi.  Hvmicokti'i*. 

Abdomen  witli  live  ventral  segments,  elytra  entire.  Lyjiexvloa. 


•H 
;»•< 

1 

■■'H 


viM,r 


F.iM.  XLI v.— C  U  P  E  S I D  A  E . 

Mentum  small,  transverse,  corneous ;  ligula  small  bilobed  ; 
palpi  3-jointed. 

Maxilla3  uncovered  at  the  base,  but  concealed  in  the  deep 
buccal  cavity,  with  two  lobes,  the  outer  one  corneous,  hooked; 
palpi  4r-jointed,  short. 

Antennae  inserted  upon  the  front,  approximate,  rigid,  fili- 
form, moderately  elongated,  11-jointeil. 

Head  porrected,  tuberculate,  suddenly  constricted  behind  ; 
eyes  round, prominent,  very  finely  granulated;  lower  surface 
with  the  genie  large  and  prominent,  forming  a  deep  buccal 
cavity ;  mandibles  small ;  labrum  very  short,  iruncule. 


I'-    '.  '■.  •-' 


•*"-M 


i!0(» 


(I'liiininv  111'  Noiirn  AMii;ini'A 


rroll\oni\  fiinnll,  <|ii(\ili(»li>,  ImIimiiI  nu\i(;iii  woll  di'dtH-il, 
fitlo  piccoM  Mo|,  ,<ji'pnii»li> ;  |irnF>li'nmiii  t'liliii'.  willi  n  «li('.lii 
|>oiMt  l>ohinil  llKiiiy  info  llio  incBOBlci-miin;  CMXfd  I'ftviMt'flfliiiiill, 
truiHVtMHO,  o)M'n  l»(>l\iinl ;  mulor  Bml'iu'O  oxciivulcil  lur  the 
ixv«'pti'>M  oi'  till'  unliM'ior  lojiM. 

MosostiMnnm  liU>)o,  unmlrnlo,  rci'oiviu^  in  IVmil  tin*  ox- 
in'Mutv  I'i'  (lu<  piosli'imini  ;  siiit*  pUMU'w  v'Xi'»\nli"l  li>i  llio 
»i\i>'.illo  U'fjH,  t\\u\  iillnimiifi  llio  ooXM". 

Moi;>;-<i»M'iuun  n>i»iliMi\ii>.  nido  |mi>i'om  nmt'ow,  cpiintMrt   iii«t 

I'llvttM  oiilittv  with  nnvji  oT  Int'iro  Bi|nn)o  )>niii'liiron,  iiml  iu- 
ton\ioili!\(\>  vU>h;  j>|Mpl(>mio  ninrow,  oMi'mluif;,  to  tl\<'  n|M>x. 


Alvloiuon  \\\\\\  Iho  \\ 


iM'  V(>n(rnl  hi'^kiohIh. 


An(orivM-  «'o\!<->  miumH.  not  jMonniiiMii,  pliolillv   Pi>|>ii''iHril 
uuiKlK*  ooxix'  nut»(lt!»t(',  (ii\t.  oo  itii'tioiiM;  poHtiMior  trmiMVOiBC 
ilni,  s\»lo!»(v>  }>o»hM'iorlv,  voiM'iviiiij'  tlu»  tlti^lm  in  mnoao. 


,t'iJS 


ijIvMIiI 


(M\  oonti'idM  111' ;   \\\>\:v  wUhoiit  IcnniDivl  fpilffl 


iiusi  rvjoinUvl,  wligluly  »l\laloil,  H[<on{> y  boiioixlh  ;  olawM  hiuhII, 

A  fumily  oo\Uniini\ir  iv  sinirlo  vorv  nnoinnliMiw  iti'Miih.  oI'  wlilrli 
but  two  sp<vios  ii\l\nlMt  tho  Ihtitcd  SIhIoh  ;  oui'  ol'dii'm,  ('.  fo/w- 
M/i>,  is  MiirK,  with  till'  l\i'ml  roil;  tl\i>  oduT.  ('.  i'i»ir,<i.  is  imlc 
jrvrtv.  with  iliukiM"  linos.  Tliov  uiv  l'o\inil  \ti\iliM'  \m\k  nl'  ilct'uyiiiij; 
ttvos.  n\ul  iUsi>  iH'0!\sioni»Ily  ii\  hixisos. 

Tho  i»l^\nitios  t>t'  this  (V.i.tily  nri'  von  o'  iitv  ;  in  tln>  furni  iiinl 
iusot-tion  ol'  tho  iuttonuio  it  is  sitniliir  to  o  lirst  nononi  ol'  tho 
<io\I  lantily.  \m\  othov  ohstraotofs,  siioh  us  tho  I'orin  ol'  oomo  ami 
wtraotility  ot'  tl\o  Iocs,  niv  i\\  v;»ri»noo.  'I'lto  Inniy  is  covorod 
with  smnll  sonlos  us  ii\  tlio  uonorsi  sjUndoii  (o. 

In  this  ootulitioj\  ot'  doubt,  I  louvo  tho  I'lintily  whoio  it  was  plaood 
bv  1  .rtoot\lairo. 


Fam.  Xl.V.— rriMDAK. 

Montum  usually  stuall  nnd  quadrato,  vsouiotiincs  largor  ntul 
transvorsiv  iv>riuH>us;  ligula  tuoitihranons  or  coriaceous,  with- 
out para^:los.<;v;  palpi  o  joimoil,  short. 

MaxiliiV  exposed  at  lv\se,  with  two  ciliato  lobes,  tho  in- 
ternal one  sometimes  very  small;  palpi  •IJointed.  short. 

AnJenii;v  inserttnl  upon  the  front  in  tho  first  sub  latnily, 
at  the  sides  of  the  front  in  the  others,  having  Aval  U — 11 
joints,  variable  iu  form. 


I'llMlliAW. 


201 


IIi'ihI  I'l'liMctilo,  frr(|iicn(,Iy  |ir'(i|i><')('i|  liy  ilii.  ipfitli'irnx  ; 
fttiil  nfjfiui«  Daiially  Hiimll  ;  <!|iiMl,nifiii  HMiiif'l.iiricrt  diHlincl; 
liiliriiiii  (liMliiM'l.  in  nil  nl'  (nir  ^(•imth. 

I'lfillimiiH  with  |Im>hhIi>  |iir('i>«  iml,  H'-pfirdln;  Inti oil  rnfiri/iri 

ll'illii   ill     HlO   IllMl,    llllt",  l|iHlJnr!|,   ill    illM  H('<','lll<l  ;    fdXIll    CHVilinH 

umiihIimI,  (i|ihii  hrliiii'l. 

MoMdHUM'iiillil  Hinull,  olili(|iif);  Hirlo  jtincnH  nol,  (iU<iiriic^^  tli«! 

(((IMP. 

Mi'lHRlfMimm  iii<ii|f>rntn  or  i'tnjir,  hjiI^  iiicfcM  ihiii'iw. 
Mlv''''V  ndtiro ;  r<|ii|il<'iiiM' diMt.m'l,  n'iiii<>||iri»>>«  vory  hmivl. 
A  iMlumoii  willt   (IvH   vniiunl   H(M/fiin»itH,  tlm   CumI,  not, ''I'lfi 

{{Ml  ft  I. 

AiiftMidi"  nml  riiiildio  rnniD  cylindri'dl,  or  Hnlij^loltowc, 
iiiiMJfMMlMly  or  Imt  HJif^lilly  |iii>iiininiit,  willi(»nt  \,in(;\inuUiir^ , 
|iipk(li'ii(ir  (iMxiit  iJ'iiiiHVt'iHi',  ti(  i  |if(imi[i»!tit  or  «lil(if,»"l  in(,''r 
iimIIv  ill  tlin  (liMl,;  Hulciiln  ',.'iiiii(l  inr  l.lin  rivr^iWun  of  tlio 
lliij^liH  ill  tlin  pocoimI  ;  pli^lif.ly  (iroiniiKMit  ifit»!rfinlly  in  tlin 
tli;i<l  mill  luiirUi  miiIi  liiMiilii'H. 

ln'gH  ("MiiUiu'l.ilo  ill  llin  Hccoti'l  Hiihraffiily,  rr'''|ii''nl.ly  lf»fi|<; 
irocliimtorfl  in  tlio  lixi«  ol'tlin  fliij^liH;   t,il;i)(i  Mlrndcr,  witJi  i\in 
(iMiiiiiml  H|tiiiM   fioinnt.iinoH  Hirmll,   Hortirt.nncH    liirj/o;   turfli  r» 
jiiiiii.rd,  llllt,  witli  lluj  lltHl,  joint,  Hnidll  in  iJio  t.dird  iind  f'onrlh 
Hill)  l'iiinili(^H. 

A  fiiniily  (Mmiidniii^^  himtjch,  mimtly  of  Mrrinll  k'i/,"  whir  h  iiv-  on 
V('(,r)'lillil<'  IMiiMcrH  ill  nil  iiifipii'iit,  Hliitr''  rif  d'<iiy  ;  inimy  iiv  iti'r'!- 
|un<  I'liiiiMJ  iiliiiiil,  Ikiiinch,  iiimI  liiivf  lnfM  triiim|»'irtrr|  |,y  «'((frii(ifT''»- 
over  Ilit>  wliiilo  f.if|nli(',  'I'Ik!  I'uriii  vnrii'n  Kri'iiWy  iKcordiriir  to  lti«' 
Hiili  I'liiiiily. 

l'%Mir  Hiili-rniiiilii'H  lire  iinlicatrd  an  foIloWH  ; — 


y\titc>llli(i'  iiiHni'li'il  ii|iiin  lliii  friifit. 
Aiili'imn'  iiiHi'i-ti"!  lii'foiM  tliii  fy«'ji ; 

'I  llli:i<    Willintli  K|)III'M, 

Tilil.'K  will)  (lifitinid  H|iiirH  ; 

l'"iiKt,  viMiti-nl  Hf'niin'iit,  Hdftnwiy  lonnnr. 
ViiDt  vuntral  Htiginoiil  tiloiigatud. 


t'Tiini\«. 
Adhiiiiiiak. 

ISoKTIM'  11  III  UK. 
Li'-tltJAB. 


''^'% 

t: 

!.' 
!  I 


■  ;i 


% 


I  ■ 


8ul)- Family  I,-~I'T[  \f  DA  F:. 

Tlioso  insects  an;  of  small  size,  willi  tlic  hcsul  and  thorax  chtu- 
jmralivtdy  Hiiiall.  Tin;  aiitciiim!  an:  inHcrtcd  upon  t.li';  front,  lonfr, 
lint  siMTiitc,  and  ratluM'  Htoiit.  Tho  Icjr.s  aro  ionjr,  not  rontractilf, 
witL  tlic  trocliuiitor.H  laryo  ;  the  til>ia;  iiuvo  tho  H|»urH  objsokle  ;  iu 


202 


COLEOPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


the  first  tribe  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  not  shorter  than  the 
second.     The  hind  coxts  are  transverse,  and  are  covered  by  the 
thighs,  in  repose.     The  flanks  are  continuous  with  the  pronotum. 
Two  tribes  may  be  separated  thus  : — 


Antennae  very  approximate. 
Auteuuffi  distant. 


Ptinini. 
eucradiki. 


Tribe  I.— PTimTIWI. 


The  antennae  are  very  approximate  at  base,  long  and  filiform  ; 
the  elytra  when  glabrous  are  very  much  inflated,  and  embrace  the 
sides  of  the  trunk  very  widely,  leaving  the  ventral  segments  very 
small  and  narrow. 

Our  genera  are  : — 

Antennae  approximated,  filiform  ;  head  tuberculate ; 
Elytra  inflated,  smooth,  shining,  glabrous ; 

Thorax  smooth,  glabrous. 

Thorax  tuberculate,  pubescent. 
Elytra  punctured,  pubescent ; 

Teeth  of  the  mentum  rounded,  labram  emarginate. 

Teeth  of  the  mentum  acute ;  labrum  rounded. 

The  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  long  in  Ptinus,  but  only  equal  to 
the  second  in  the  other  genera, 

Oibbium  scotias  is  imported  from  Europe,  as  are  some  of  the 
species  of  Ptinus,  which  genus  is  however  generally  diffused. 
Niptus  is  represented  by  one  New  Mexican  species. 


Gibbhtm. 
Mezicm. 

NlI'TUS. 

Ptikus. 


Tribe  II.— EUCRADIIVI. 

Eucrada  humeralis  Lee.  (Hedobia  humeralis  Mels.),  while 
evidently  related  to  the  preceding  tribe,  differs  by  having  the 
antennsfi  widely  separated  at  the  base,  serrate  in  the  female,  but 
with  the  tip  of  the  3—10  joints  prolonged  in  the  male,  so  that 
the  organs  become  pectinate  ;  the  thorax  is  tuberculate,  the  elytra 
are  cylindrical,  and  do  not  embrace  the  flanks.  The  trochanters 
are  moderate,  the  tibiiE  are  terminated  by  a  single  large  spur ; 
the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  long. 


Sub-Family  II.— ANOBIIDAE. 

The  insects  of  this  sub-family  are  generally  of  a  cylindrical 
form,  though  some  of  the  species  of  Dorcatoma,  and  especially 


'■1. 


PTINIDAE.  203 

Tylistus,  are  nearly  globular.  The  antenna;  are  distant  at  base 
and  inserted  immediately  in  front  of  the  eyes ;  they  are  either 
simply  serrate,  or  have  the  three  outer  joints  longer;  rarely  (uialo 
of  Ptilinus)  they  are  flabellate.  The  hind  thighs  in  repose  art- 
received  by  the  hind  coxa;,  which  arc  deeply  sulcate  behind  for 
that  purpose,  and  form  a  plate,  which  is  not  dilated  inwards.  The 
trochanters  are  short ;  the  legs  are  retractile,  the  tibiae  have  obso- 
lete spurs,  and  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  not  shorter  than  the 
second.  The  lateral  margin  of  the  prouotum  is  distinct  in  all  of 
our  genera. 

Two  tribes  are  represented  in  our  fauna  : — 

Eyes  almost  in  contact  with  the  prothorax.  Asobiim. 

Eyas  distant  from  the  prothorax.  Ptiuniki;  „f'«j;SS*iB|Sii[ 

.     Tribe  I.— AXOBIIHTI.  ,;: 

The  form  is  less  regularly  cylindrical  than  in  the  next  tribe  ;  :'.' 

the  head  is  usually  very  retractile  and  deflexed,  so  as  to  be  not  •  ,:.''{f^ 

visible  from  above,  in  a  state  of  repose,  and  the  eyes  are  in  con-  f ''iJEiy 

tact  with  the  anterior  margin  of  the  thorax.  •   '    'j'^ 

Three  groups  may  be  formed,  thus  : — 

Prothorax  much  excavated  beneath,  for  the  protection  of  the  mouth  ;  ».  j  ^^il'!^ 

Mandibles  dilated  at  base.  Xvi.etini.  '   '  '  k'-' 

Mandibles  not  dilated  at  base.  •  Anobia. 

Prothorax  not  excavated  beneath.  Dryopuili. 

Group  I.— Xyletlnl.  ; '  *' i^.j 

The  insects  of  this  group  are  more  robust  than  those  of  the 
other  groups,  and  the  contractile  power  here  attains  its  highest  - 

perfection.     The  genera  form  two  sub-groups,  according  to  tho 

form  of  the  antenna;.     The  large  and  stout  mandibles  are  dilated  -. '', 

at  the  base  ;  the  first  joint  of  the  antennie  is  frequently  large  ;  the 

head  is  received  closely  on  the  breast,  and  the  legs  are  tigluly  !   ' 

contracted  in  a  state  of  repose.     An  oblique  line,  sometimes  ,.,  • 

elevated  so  as  to  form  a  margin,  runs  from  the  eyes  to  the  base 
of  the  labrura  ;  the  plates  of  the  hind  coxae  are  moderately  wide. 

Our  genera  may  be  separated  thus  : — 

Metastemum  advanced  between  the  middle  coxae  ; 
Three  outer  joints  of  antennae  very  large ; 
Metastemum  emarginate,  eyes  entire.  ErpArTPS. 

Metastemum  truncate,  eyes  divided  or  emarginate.  TvLiaixri. 


-t 


'■"i 

■n 


?■  ■ 


4 


"<l 


1h 


204 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Motastemum  not  advanced  between  the  coxre,  eyes  entire  (body  less  per- 
fectly contractile)  ; 
Three  outer  joints  of  antennae  very  large.  Dorcatoma. 

Antennse  serrate,  11-jointed  ;  outer  joints  not  larger.  Xyi.etinus. 

In  Eupactus  and  Tyllstus  the  epistoraa  is  separated  from  the 
front  by  a  deep  line ;  in  the  other  two  genera  the  line  is  quite 
faint.  The  vacant  space  between  the  anterior  legs  in  Eupactus, 
which  terminates  in  the  emargination  of  the  metasternum,  is  filled 
in  repose  by  the  last  joints  of  the  antennae.  The  type  of  Tylistus 
is  Dorcatoma  simile  Say;  the  mandibles  in  repose  are  applied 
to  the  metasternum. 


Group  II.— Anobia. 

In  this  group  the  mandibles  are  less  dilated  at  base,  and  the 
prothorax  is  deeply  excavated  beneath,  for  the  protection  of  the 
mouth,  which  in  repose  is  received  upon  and  between  the  anterior 
legs,  which  are  not  contiguous  at  base.  The  contractile  power  is 
less  developed  than  in  the  preceding  group,  and  the  species  are 
oblong  or  sub-cylindrical  in  form.  The  antennae  are  10-  or  11- 
joiuted,  and  vary  in  form,  according  to  the  (;enera.  The  elytra 
are  always  punctured  in  rows ;  the  plates  of  the  hind  coxne  are 
narrow,  and  the  last  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  broad  and  depressed. 

Our  genera  are  : — 

Antennae  11-jointed ; 
Mesosternum  deeply  and  broadly  excavated  ; 
Groove  extending  upon  the  metasternum  ; 
Antennae  serrate,  outer  joints  not  larger.  Trypopitts. 

Antennae  with  the  joints  9 — 11  much  longer.  Coelostethus. 

Groove  not  extending  upon  the  metasternum  ;  antennae  with  the  joints 
9 — 11  much  longer  ; 
Thighs  not  clavate.  Hemicoelus. 

Thighs  strongly  clavate.  PrrxoDES. 

Mesosternum  flat  or  scarcely  concave ;    antennae  with  the  joints  9 — 11 
much  longer. 
Anterior  coxae  widely  separated  ; 
Claws  with  a  large  broad  tooth.  Trichodesma. 

Claws  slightly  dilated  at  base.  Niconiuia. 

Anterior  coxae  nearly  contiguous.  Asobium. 

Antennae  10-jointed,  joints  4 — 7  very  short,  8 — 10  very  long ; 
Mesosternum  not  protuberant ; 
Anterior  coxre  nearly  contiguous.  Oligomerus. 

Anterior  coxae  widely  separate<l.  CAroTEJiNus. 

Mesosternum  dilated  into  a  large  plate.  Petalium. 


. 


■        ■»; 

■      U' 

iv 

PTINIDAE.  205  i  !', 


i 


V.;' 


i"  ■■ 

i 

'  »       > 

i  ,  ,, 

•  .'K.J 

^ 

.'     i     /' 

1    , 

i  ■  •' 

1' 


The  type  of  Coelostcthus  is  Anobium  notatum  Say;  A.  quad-  |        \x. 

rulum  Lee.  also  belougs  to  it ;  of  I'tinodes,  Anobium  setijerum 
Lee. ;  of  Trichodesma,  Anobium  gibbosum  Say.  To  llemicoolus 
belong  A.  gibbicolle  Lee,  aud  carinatum  Say. 

The  type  of  Nicobiuiu  is  A.  seriveum  Mels.,  and  of  Cacotemnus 
is  A.  errans  Mels.  To  Oligoinorus  belongs  A.  Ihoracicum  !Mels. 
The  type  of  Petaliura  is  Anobium  biflrialum  Say,  a  very  small 
elongated  species;  the  antenna;  are  10-jointed,  the  4th  joint  is 
triangular,  and  the  5 — 1  small  and  closely  connected ;  the  three 
outer  ones  are  larger.    The  mesosternum  forms  a  large  transverse  + 

plate,  rounded  in  front,  covering  the  anterior  coxa;  and  almost  'V'  '  i  i  k'i'I 

meeting  the  head  in  repose,  and  the  middle  tarsi  are  received  in  ,"    :'  ''' 

a  deep  groove  each  side  between  it  and  the  metasternum;  the  .'■..! 

second  ventral  segment  is  very  long ;  the  elytra  have  but  two  *^- -' '  ;j|  ■'■ 

strii3e  near  the  margin.  i»,.../i;i. 

Group  III.— Dryophili. 

The  mandibles  are  not  dilated  at  the  base  ;  the  head  is  wider 
than  in  the  preceding  group,  and  the  eyes  are  sometimes  very 
large  and  prominent.  The  antennaj  are  11-jointcd,  and  the  outer 
three  joints  are  longer,  and  sometimes  (Dryophilus)  attain  a  very 
great  length.  The  prothorax  beneath  is  not  hollowed  out  for 
the  protection  of  the  under  surface  of  the  head,  which  is  not 
applied  so  closely  to  the  breast  in  repose  as  in  the  precedini; 
group.  The  prosternum  is  sometimes  more  developed  in  front  of 
the  coxye,  than  in  the  Anobia  ;  there  is  never  any  pectoral  excava- 
tion. The  elytra  are  not  punctured  in  rows ;  the  plates  of  the  hind 
coxae  are  very  small  and  almost  vanish  externally  ;  the  last  joint 
of  the  tarsi  is  short  and  dilated  iu  Xestobium,  but  is  longer  aud 
narrow  in  the  others. 

Our  genera  are  four,  and  may  be  thus  distinguished  : — 

Presternum  very  short  in  front  of  the  coxne  ; 

Anterior  coxse  separated  by  the  prosternum.  Xestobicm. 

Anterior  coxae  contiguous.  Puiloxylos. 
Prosternum  well  developed  in  front  of  the  coxob  ; 

Anterior  coxae  contiguous.  Dryophilcts. 

Anterior  coxae  separated  by  the  prosternum.  Ozognatuds. 

Of  Xestobium  we  have  only  the  European  X  tesselatum,  which 
has  been  introduced.  Dryophilus  and  Pliiloxylon  occur  on  both 
sides  of  the  continent.     Ozognathus  is  founded  upon  the  Califor- 


;*  -i'l 


-   *l 


t* 


m 


206 


COLEOl'TEBA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


nian  Ayiobium  cornulum  Lcc.  ;  tlie  mandibles  of  tlic  male  are 
armed  at  the  base,  each  with  a  lung  slender  horn,  ascending  and 
curving  inwards,  so  as  to  meet  its  fellow  at  the  tip.  To  Philoxy- 
loa  belong  Anobium  concexi/rom  Mels.,  aud  A.  punctulatuni 
Lee. 

Tribe  II.— PTILIXIXI. 

But  one  genus,  Ptilinus,  of  accurate  cylindrical  form,  represents 
this  tribe.  The  head  is  deflexed,  less  retractile  than  in  the  pre- 
ceding groups;  the  eyes  are  small,  rounded,  and  distant  from  the 
thorax  in  the  female,  but  larger  in  the  male ;  the  antenna)  are 
serrate  in  the  female,  branched  in  the  male,  and  11 -jointed.  The 
last  joint  of  the  palpi  is  oval.  The  thorax  is  convex,  rounded 
in  front,  protecting  the  head,  and  granulate  with  small  tubercles 
towai       tu  ;    it  is  not  excavated  beneath,  and  the  pro- 

sternum  1?  1,  -  ;!y  developed  in  front  of  the  coxoe,  which  are 
large  and  contiguous.  The  plates  of  the  hind  coxae  are  exceed- 
ingly narr  -r  The  l^gs  are  moderately  retractile,  and  the  first 
joint  of  tho  tar-.  '^  lon^  r  ilu  'i  the  second.  The  genus  is  repre- 
sented on  both  coasta  ol  oui  country ;  it  approaches  closely  in 
form  certain  members  of  the  tribe  of  the  next  sub-family,  and 
establishes  a  transition  between  the  two.  A  slight  relation  with 
Melasls  of  the  sub-family  Eucnemidae  is  likewise  quite  obvious. 


Sub-Family  III.— BOSTRICniDAE. 

The  insects  of  this  sub-family  arc  elongate  in  form ;  the  head 
is  usually  deflexed,  and  protected  by  the  thorax,  which  is  then 
hood-like  in  form ;  in  one  tribe,  Psoini,  it  is  prominent,  and  not 
covered.  The  mentum  is  usually  small,  but  in  Psoini  is  large  and 
transverse.  The  antenna)  arc  distant,  and  inserted  immediately 
in  front  of  the  eyes,  upon,  or  under  the  frontal  margin,  and  the 
three  outer  joints  are  always  larger.  The  eyes  are  small,  convex, 
rounded,  and  distant  from  the  prothorax.  The  pronotura  is  not 
separated  from  the  flanks  by  a  marginal  line,  except  in  the  first 
tribe.  The  anterior  coxa)  are  large,  globose  or  sub-conical ;  the 
hind  coxas  are  not  sulcate  behind,  and  project  at  the  inner  part ; 
the  spurs  of  the  middle  and  hind  tibioe  are  distinct,  and  the  ante- 
rior tibios!  are  terminated  by  one  long  spur,  and  usually  serrate  ; 
the  trochanters  are  short  j  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  very  short, 


PTTNIDAK. 


207 


soinetimos  obsolete  ;   the  fifth  joint  k  long,  with  simple  claws. 
Tlio  first  ventral  segment  is  but  slightly  lunger  than  the  seeoud. 
Three  tribes  are  indicated  : — 

Thorax  with  distinct  hiteml  margin.  Endecatomini. 
Tliorax  witliout  lateral  margin  ; 

Head  covered  by  prothorax  ;  anterior  coxoe  contiguous.       BosTKrcuiNi. 

liead  prouiiueut ;  anterior  coxio  distant.  I'soi.Ni. 


Tribe  I.-EIVDECATOMIIVI. 

The  genus  Endecatomus,  placed  by  jn-evious  authors  in  the 
family  Cisidae,  seems  to  me,  for  reasons  indicated  below,  to  belong 
rather  to  the  present,  in  which  it  constitutes  a  distinct  tribe. 

The  head  is  covered  in  part  by  the  prothorax,  which  is  dis- 
tinctly margined  at  the  sides.  The  epistoma  is  separated  from 
the  front  by  a  very  distinct  suture;  the  antennoj  are  U-jointed, 
with  a  loosely  articulated  3-joiuted  club.  The  anterior  co.xai  are 
prominent,  and  contiguous ;  the  terminal  spur  of  the  anterior 
tibiaj  is  large  and  hooked.    The  last  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  very  long. 

The  species  known  to  me,  Endecatomus  ruyosus,  is  an  oblong 
convex  blackish-brown  dull  insect,  covered  with  inequalities  and 
small  erect  brown  hairs ;  it  is  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch  long, 
and  is  found  iu  fungi.  It  seems  to  have  but  little  relation  to  the 
Cisidae,  but  to  be  rather  a'  connecting  link  between  Bostrichus 
aud  Anobium. 


Tribe  II.— BOSTRICIIIMI. 

The  insects  of  this  tribe  arc  moderate  in  size,  or  small,  of  a 
cylindrical  form,  with  the  head  deflexed,  prolonged  behind  the 
small  prominent  eyes,  and  covered  by  the  1  'Ofi-iikc  prolongation 
of  the  prothorax;  the  epistoma  is  separated  by  a  moderately  dis- 
tinct suture ;  the  anterior  portion  of  the  latter  is  usually  rough 
with  tubercles,  and  in  the  genus  IJostrichus  is  frequently  pro- 
longed, forming  two  short  horizontal  horns ;  the  anterior  coxal 
cavities  are  confluent ;  the  hind  i)art  of  the  elytra  is  frequently 
obliquely  declivous.  The  antennae  have  10  joints  in  our  genera, 
and  the  club  is  3-jointed.  Tiie  external  margin  of  the  anterior 
tibiaa  is  more  or  less  serrate  in  all  of  our  genera. 

Our  genera  are  found  in  fungi,  and  under  bark : — 

Intermediate  joints  of  antennre  sliorter  than  the  first  and  .second; 
Joints  8—10  very  long,  forming  a  serrate  club.  Sinoxylok. 


■."■t 


iSt 


208 


COLEOrTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Intennedinte  joints  of  niitenuse  longer  tlian  th«  first  aud  second ; 
Tarsi  as  long  as  the  tibi»,  2d  joint  elongated  ; 

Front  margined  at  least  at  the  sides.  BostrichI'S. 

Front  not  margined  at  the  sides.  Amimuckkl's. 
Tarsi  short,  2d  joint  not  elongated  ; 

Joints  8  and  9  of  antenna;  transverse,  rounded.  Disoderub. 

Joints  8  and  i)  of  antenna)  triangular.  '  Rnizoi-EUTHA. 

The  only  species  known  of  the  last  genus,  Rhizopertha  pusilla, 
has  been  introduced  in  specimens  of  wheat  distributed  from  tlio 
Patent  Office.  To  Amphicerus  belong  Ajmte  hicaudata  Say,  A. 
aspericollis  Germ.,  and  Bostrichus  imnctipennis  Lee. 


ij' 


I' 


Tribe  III.— PSOIIVI. 

The  insects  composing  this  tribe  are  of  large  or  moderate  size  ; 
the  thora.x  is  oval,  not  margined  at  the  sides,  truncate  in  front, 
not  protecting  the  head,  which  is  large  and  prominent.  The  club 
of  the  antennuD  is  3-jointed.  The  anterior  coxae  are  scjiarated  by 
the  prosternum. 

Our  genera  are  two  in  number,  and  are  represented  only  in 
maritime  California. 


AntenniB  11-jointed. 
Antennse  10-jointed. 


POLVCAON. 
ACKEPIS. 


Polycaon  Lap.  has  for  synonyms  Exops  Curtis,  and  AUcroc- 
nemin  Lee.  The  original  unique  specimen  of  Acrepis  maculata 
Lee.  has  been  lost  at  sea,  and  I  cannot  now  determine  the  differ- 
ence between  the  genus  and  Psoa.  It  is  quite  possible  that  it 
should  be  united  either  with  Psoa  or  Exopsoides. 


I 


J, 

I 


Sub-Family  lY.— LYCTIDAE. 

The  head  is  prominent,  somewhat  narrowed  behind  the  eyes, 
not  covered  by  the  prothorax,  which  is  trapezoidal  in  form,  and 
has  a  fine  lateral  margin.  The  antennce  are  11-jointed,  and  the 
club  is  rounded,  and  consists  of  but  two  joints ;  the  epistoma  is 
separated  from  the  front  by  an  indistinct  suture.  The  anterior 
00X88  are  entirely  inclosed  and  separated  by  the  prosternum ; 
the  middle  ones  arc  also  moderately  separated,  and  the  hind  coxse 
are  widely  distant ;  the  first  ventral  segment  is  much  longer  than 
the  others. 


••.17 


CIOIDAE. 


S09 


Our  genera  arc  two,  both  containing  species  of  small  size  : — 

Anturior  tibioo  with  the  outer  apical  angle  prolonged.  Lyctuij. 

Anterior  tibiie  with  the  outer  apical  angle  not  prolonged.       Tuoooxylon. 

The  typo  of  Trogoxylou  is  Xylolroyus  parallclipipcdus  Mels., 
from  the  Middle  States. 

Lyctus  is  attached  by  Lacordairc  to  the  Cioidoe,  but  ho  ad- 
mits the  difficulty  of  placing  it  properly  in  any  family ;  from  the 
5-jointed  tarsi,  with  the  first  joint  very  short,  and  the  distinct 
terminal  spur  of  the  anterior  tibite,  1  think  it  and  Endceatomus 
are  more  naturally  placed  in  the  present  than  in  the  next  family. 

Lacordairc  states  that  the  anterior  and  middle  coxie  are  con- 
tiguous in  Lyctus ;  they  are  not  so  in  any  of  our  species,  and 
although  nearly  in  contact  in  L.  alriatus,  they  arc  widely  separate 
iu  L.  lAanicollis. 


■  ;\ 


Fam.  XLVL— C  1  O  I  D  a  E. 

Mentum  trapezoidal,  corneous ;  ligula  without  paraglossce ; 
palpi  short,  3-jointed, 

Maxillai  exposed  at  the  base,  Avith  two  flattened,  ciliated 
lobes ;  palpi  short,  4-jointed. 

Antenna)  inserted  at  the  anterior  margin  of  the  eyes ;  8 — 
10-jointed,  with  the  last  three  joints  larger,  forming  a  loose 
club. 

Head  more  or  less-  protected  by  the  thorax ;  epistoma 
usually  with  a  reflexed  margin ;  labrum  distinct ;  mandibles 
short  in  our  genera ;  clypeal  suture  distinct ;  eyes  rounded, 
somewhat  coarsely  granulated. 

Prothorax  with  the  lateral  margin  distinct;  cylindrical, 
rounded  in  front,  and  prolonged  over  the  head;  occasionally 
toothed  or  horned ;  coxal  cavities  small,  separate,  narrowly 
closed  behind. 

Mesosternum  short,  triangular;  side  pieces  scarcely  ex- 
tending to  the  coxa3. 

Metasternum  large;  side  pieces  narrow,  linear. 

Elytra  entirely  covering  the  abdomen;  epipleura)  narrow. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  the  first  longer 
than  the  others. 

Anterior  and  middle  coxcc  oval,  not  prominent,  without 
trochantins ;  hind  ones  transverse,  separated. 

Legs  moderately  short ;  tibiae  either  dilated  and  serrate, 
14 


1.:  I' ; 


■ .« 


■t  '.'A 


IP 


210 


COLEorXEAA  OF  NOnTII  A>tERTCA. 


or  linear,  spurs  not  distinct ;  tarsi  -A-jointcd,  joints  1 — 3  very 
short,  e(iuul,  -Ith  long,  with  aimplo  cluwd. 

Very  small  insects,  found  luuler  bark  of  trees,  and  in  the  dry 
and  woody  species  of  fnngns,  such  as  I'olyporus.  They  are 
usually  gregarious.  In  some  of  the  species  the  head  and  the 
anterior  margin  of  tho  thorax  are  in  the  male  ornamented  with 
horns. 

Our  gpnera  are  but  three  in  number,  all  having  tho  tarsi  free, 

not  received  in  tibial  grooves. 

Antonnnp  lO-jointod,  tibiie  not  serrate.  CiB. 

AnttninfB  9-jointecl.  Enneaiitiiiion. 

Aiitoiin;c  8-jointed,  tibifD  not  serrate.  Ceuacis. 

The  last  genus  is  not  yet  rei)rcscnted  in  the  Pacific  fauna.  The 
other  two  are  distributed  on  both  sides  of  the  continent. 


fi\ 


II 


Fam.  xlvii.— tenebrionidae. 

Mcntum  variable  in  form,  sometimes  entirely  closing  the 
opening  of  the  mouth  inferiorly;  ligula  usually  visible,  some- 
times concealed ;  paraglossa>  distinct ;  labial  palpi  3-jointed. 

Maxillaj  with  two  lobes,  the  inner  one  smaller,  sometimes 
armed  with  a  terminal  corneous  hook ;  palpi  4-jointed. 

Mandibles  usually  short,  robust,  and  furnished  with  a 
basal  tooth ;  emarginate  at  tip  in  the  first  and  second  sub- 
families ;  either  emarginate  or  entire  in  the  third. 

Eyes  usually  transverse,  with  tho  anterior  outline  emar- 
ginate. 

Antenna)  generally  inserted  iinder  the  sides  of  the  head, 
or  at  least  under  a  small  frontal  ridge ;  usually  thickened 
externally ;  sometimes  subserrate,  very  rarely  (male  of  Ehi- 
pidandrus)  pectinate;  usually  11 -jointed,  very  rarely  10- 
jointed, 

Prothorax  with  epimera  arid  episterna  not  separate ;  coxal 
cavities  separated  by  the  prosternum  (except  in  Daeodcrus), 
and  entirely  closed  behind. 

Mesosternum  short,  side  pieces  usually  attaining  the  coxae, 
though  in  several  tribes  they  are  cut  off  by  the  sterna ;  in 
the  latter  case  no  trochantin  is  visible. 

Metasternum  variable  in  length,  side  pieces  sometimes 
wide,  sometimes  narrow. 

Elytra  rounded  at  tip,  covering  the  abdomen,  frequently 
embracing  its  sides  very  far. 


tl 


)ii 


It 
in 


O 
til 
X 

or 

ISO 


CO 


mi( 


^''■? 


TENEnniONIPAE. 


211 


Abdomen  with  fivo  ventral  segments,  of  wliie.h  the  first 
tlirco  a})[)0!ir  moro  closely  couuoctud  than  the  others,  though 
not  Uuculedly  uuuuato. 

Logs  variable;  anterior  coxfo  globose,  rarely  oval,  not 
})rominent,  without  trochantin;  middle  eoxie  rounded,  with 
or  without  trochantin;  hind  eoxjo  transverse,  more  or  less 
separated;  tarsi  without  niendjranous  lobes;  anterior  and 
middle  ones  ^-jointed;  hind  tarsi  4-jointed,  the  first  joint 
almost  always  longer  than  the  seeond ;  elaws  simple. 

This  family  contains  a  large  number  of  genera,  possessing  in 
fommon  very  few  characters,  yet  linked  together  by  such  gradual 
changes  in  structure  that  their  classification  presents  almost  iu- 
f-uperable  dilliculties.  The  division  into  tribes  can  scarcely  be 
exhibited  in  a  tabular  form,  on  account  of  the  varied  relations 
exhibited  by  the  members  of  some  of  the  tribes. 

The  species  live  upon  vegetable  matter  in  various  conditions ; 
the  habits  of  those  contained  in  the  respective  tribes  will  bo 
)iientioned  below. 

The  limits  of  the  family  are  very  well  dofined,  although  by 
Lacordaire  certain  genera  have  been  retained,  which  I  have  found 
it  necessary  to  exclude  ;  these  are  IJoros,  Cononotus,  and  rcnthe, 
in  all  of  which  the  anterior  coxal  cavities  are  open  behind. 

The  distribution  of  the  genera  of  this  family  is  very  remarkable. 
Of  those  without  wings  scarcely  any  are  common  to  the  two  con- 
tinents. With  the  exception  of  three,  they  are  not  represented  in 
North  America,  east  of  the  longitude  of  the  mouth  of  the  Platte 
or  Nebraska  River;  from  that  point  they  increase  in  number  of 
genera,  species,  and  individuals,  until,  in  California,  they  form 
the  characteristic  feature  of  the  insect  fauna. 

The  representation  of  genera  on  this  continent  being  thus  im- 
perfect, the  characters  given  in  the  short  synoptic  tables  will  not 
always  enable  our  genera  to  be  distinguished  from  those  of  other 
countries.  The  student,  for  such  purpose,  must  consult  Lacor- 
daire's  genera  des  Coleoptcres,  vol.  5,  a  work  not  less  admirable 
for  the  wonderful  industry  displayed  in  it,  than  for  being  the 
first  successful  effort  towards  a  rational  classification  of  this  most 
difficult  family.  The  recognition  of  the  value  of  the  form  of  the 
middle  coxae,  and  the  vestiture  of  the  tarsi  in  establishing  natural 
divisions  and  tribes,  we  owe  to  his  acute  observation. 

I3y  combining  with  these  characters  another  not  before  observed, 


X    I 


% 


m 


'm 


:.;:i 


'J  1 2 


C(H,E(»I'TKKA  OF  NORTH   AMKIllCA. 


(loriveil  from  tliu  ;{tl  aiiti  4lli  veiitnil  scj^mciits,  this  fuiuily  iiui}',  in 
my  opinion,  lie  in-opcrly  divided  iulu  lUruu  bub-l'uiuiiiuH  :* — 
VtMitnil  HeginuntH  outirely  coriitfous  ;  ' 

Miililli'  coxu'  witliout  tiDi'liiiiitiii.  Tkntyiiiui*. 

Mi>l>llu  ooxiu  witli  tliNtinct  trochiuitin.  Ahiiuda. 

Vuutriil  HugiuviitH  3  and  4  with  tbo  hind  umrgiu  coriaceous. 


Sub-Family  I.— TKXTYUlIDAi:. 

Tlio  species  of  this  sub-fiimily  tiro  distiiijifiii«ho(l  by  the  middle 
coxtc  beiiip  entirely  inclosed  by  the  Kterniv,  without  any  trochiuitin  ; 
the  side  pieces  of  the  mesothorax  eonse(juently  do  not  extend  to 
the  coxal  cavities  ;  the  ventral  segments  are  entirely  corneous,  the 
3d  and  4th  having  no  vestige  of  a  jyosterior  ooria<'eons  margin. 
Besides  these  two  distinguishing  characters,  coinnioii  to  all  the 
tribes,  there  are  others  worthy  of  notice,  which  belong  to  indi- 
vidual tribes,  and  arc  not  found  to  recur  in  the  other  two  buIj- 
families. 

The  species,  with  tlic  exception  of  Kpitragini  and  a  few  Thino- 
batinl,  arc  apterous,  and  the  metasternum  is  very  short,  except  in 
the  winged  species.  In  Zopherini  the  eyes  are  very  linely  granu- 
lated, a  singular  exception  in  this  family.  The  nieiitum  is  fre- 
quently very  large,  so  as  to  fdl  entirely  the  gnlar  cavity,  and  to 
cover  completely  the  maxilla)  and  ligula,  so  that  the  gular  process 
usually  supporting  it  ceases  to  exist.  This  character  recurs  again 
only  in  certain  Asidini  of  the  next  sub-family.  The  tarsi  are 
sometimes  spinous,  sometimes  i)ubesccnt  beneath.  The  front  is 
fre(iuently  trilobed. 

The  tribes  represented  in  our  fauna  arc  us  follows : — 

Mentiim  concealing  both  maxilla!  and  ligula ; 

Episterna  of  luetathorax  very  wido  ;  front  trilobed. 
Episterna  of  inetathonix  narrow  ; 
I'ro-  and  inesosternum  not  articulating  together ; 
Frout  lobod,  body  apterous. 
Frout  not  lobed,  body  sometimes  winged. 


I.  Epipuysiki. 


II.    ONATnOSUNI. 
III.   TmSOUATINI. 


*  Two  described  insects  cannot  bo  placed  in  the  arrangement  of  this 
family,  from  want  of  sufficient  knowledge  of  their  characters.  The  first, 
Dysimithes  Stililber(jii  Mann.  Bull.  Mosc.  18r»3,  ii.  2G5,  is  said  to  be  simile 
in  form  to  Nycteli'a,  but  to  have  antenuju  like  Gnathosia  ;  the  form  of  men^ 
turn,  if  known,  would  determine  its  position.  The  second  is  Pediinm  stitu- 
ralis  Say,  Jouru.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Phil.,  iii.  2G3,  which  has  not  been  ideutifiud 
in  recent  times. 


(, 


TRNKnniONinAK. 


213 


■li' 


MfHostormim  emarginalo,  ncviving  the  proHtcmnm,  Iwnly  win>;o<l. 

IV.     KlMTUAdlNr. 

Munfniii  liir>,'H,  oonconling  cillior  tlio  li>,'ul/i  or  ninxiUoj,  never  both  ; 
(K|)iHturnii  of  iiKitiitlioriix  narrow  in  our  tribtia  ;) 

Til.ial  !<pllls  (li.sliiu't.  V.   Anki-HIINi. 

Tibial  Mimrs  vt^ry  niii.ute; 
KyoH  vory  flimly  k''"*""!'"'*'''-  VI.  Zoi-nKuim. 

Ey«H  conrHt'ly  ^'niiiuliituil,  bead  const ricfnd  behind  ; 
Auturiur  (.'ux.'u  contiguouM  ;  iintt>iiiia'  lO-joiatoit. 

VIF.  Dacodkiiini. 
Anti-rior  cox!i)  H<'p;iratt'(!  ;  niitiMiii.T  ll-jointed.     VIII.  Stumiwi.m. 
Mentiim  Hnidil,  ninxill;i'  and  liKula  liotli  I'xjjoscd; 

I'rothorax  glolwso,  not  niarjjjinud  ;  luoHolhorax  iwduncnlafcd. 

IX.    Al'lW  UYIMIINI. 

TrilK)  I.-EPIPIIYNINI. 

Body  Hliort,  convex,  niiU'roiis  ;  ciiisloma  trilolicd,  lahriim  pro- 
minent; niontmn  very  lar^e,  entirely  liiling  the  gulur  euvity  ; 
ligula  and  inaxillic  concealed  ;  tliorax  very  short,  anterior  angles 
acute,  i)roinin(!nt ;  elytra  globose,  sides  embracing  widely  the 
Hanks,  epiplennn  narrow,  anterior  coxa>  widely  si  |ianited,  pro- 
sternum  closely  litling  to  the  mesosternum  ;  hind  coxic  transverse, 
widely  separated.     Tarsi  ciliatc  beneath. 

Thi,s  triljc  contains  but  two  genera,  each  characterizing  a  sepa- 
rate group.  Kpipliysa,  with  short  tarsi  and  glabrous  body,  is 
found  at  the  Cape  of  (Jood  Hope.  Kdrot<'s,  with  sl»  nder  tarsi 
and  sparsely  clothed  with  long  hairs,  contains  two  si)ecies  :  one 
{E.  rotundus)  found  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Ilocky  ^NFoun- 
tains ;  the  other  {E.  ventrivosiis  Lee.)  in  the  Colorado  valley, 
California, 

Tribo  II.-«^ATnOSIl]VI. 

Body  variable  in  form,  apterous ;  cpistoma  trilobed  in  onr 
genera,  but  with  at  least  a  ))rominent  middle  lobe,  always  leaving 
the  base  of  the  mandibles  exposed  ;  labrum  j)rominent ;  mentum 
very  large,  entirely  fdling  the  giilar  cavity;  ligula  and  maxilla) 
concealed  ;  elytra  widely  embracing  the  fianks  of  the  abdomen,  or 
not ;  prosternnm  not  adapted  to  the  mesosternum.  Tarsi  (of  the 
genera  of  America)  with  rigid  hairs  beneath. 

The  sixth  tribe  of  liacordaire,  Tentyrides,  appears  to  me  to 
be  capable  of  a  natural  division  into  two,  according  as  the  cpis- 
toma is  lobed  or  not.  The  limits  of  these  tribes  seem,  as  far  as  I 
have  been  able  to  refer  to  foreign  genera,  to  be  well  defined. 


^■H 


■f-i 


.m 
'.''4\ 

-  .1 1 


!'■■:. hi 


m 
M 


8U 


COLEOPTEEA  OF  NOBTB  AMERICA. 


Our  genera  may  be  arranged — 

Middle  lobe  of  epistoma  rounded ;  mandibles  toothed  above ;  eyes  rounded. 

TuioKoruus. 
Middle  lobe  of  epistoma  truncate ;  mandibles  not  toothed ; 

Hind  coxje  wic'ely  separated  ;  eyes  subtransveise.  Ckaniotus. 

Hind  coxie  approximate  ;  eyes  emargiuate.  Tuimytis. 

Trioropbus  contains  four  species ;  three  from  California,  anil 
one  from  Texas.  Craniotus  is  found  in  tlie  interior  of  California, 
Triniytis  in  Xew  Mexico  and  Nebraska.  All  are  found  on  the 
ground,  under  stones,  &c.  The  intercoxal  process  of  the  abdo- 
men is  parallel  in  the  first  two  genera,  but  triangular  and  acute 
in  Trimytis.  Each  genus  may  be  considered  as  representing  a 
separate  group. 

Tribe  III.-THINOBATIXI. 

Body  oval  or  rounded,  sometimes  winged  ;  epistoma  truncate, 
or  feebly  rounded;  labrum  prominent,  or  not;  mcntuni  very  large, 
entirely  filling  the  gular  covity  ;  ligula  and  maxillaj  concealed  ; 
elytra  not  widely  embracing  the  flanks  of  the  abdomen ;  prostevnum 
not  adapted  to  the  mesosternum ;  metasternum  sometimes  elon- 
gated ;  middle  coxas  without  trochantiu,  inclosed  by  the  stcna ; 
hind  coxae  approximate,  intercoxal  process  of  the  abdomen  ac  ute. 
Tarsi  ciliate  beneath. 

Although  the  unique  specimens  of  Cryptadius  and  Auchraobius 
have  been  lost,  I  am  quite  certain  about  the  position  of  those 
genera. 

Our  genera  may  be  thus  tabulated  : — 

Eyes  with  distinct  superciliary  ridges  ; 
Anterior  tibia)  vr'.'h  the  outer  angle  prolonged ; 
Body  inflated. 
Body  elongate  oval. 
Anterior  tibiiB  truncate  at  tip. 
Eyes  without  superciliary  ridges,  anterior  tibine  truncate. 

In  some  individuals,  both  of  Ilurymetopon  and  Emmcnastus, 
the  labrum  is  retracted  and  almost  concealed  under  the  epistoma. 
In  both  genera  are  species  with  and  without  wings  ;  in  the  former 
case  the  metasternum  is  longer  than  the  first  ventral  segment. 

To  Eramenastus  I  would  refer  Eurymetopon  longulum,  obcsum, 
and  atrum  Lee.  All  the  species  of  this  tribe  are  Californian, 
except  a  few  Emmenastus  from  Nebraska,  New  ^Mexico,  and 
Texas.  The  winged  species  arc  found  under  bark  of  Prosopin, 
the  others  under  stones. 


Cryptadics. 

Eurymetopon-. 

Emmenastcs. 

ArcnsioBics. 


TENEBRTONmAE. 


Tribe  IV.-EPITRAGIiyi. 


215 


Body  oval,  winged  ;  epistoma  trilobed  (in  our  species)  ;  Inbruui 
prominent ;  mentum  very  large,  entirely  filling  the  gular  cavity  ; 
ligula  and  maxillaj  concealed ;  elytra  with  narrow  epipleurte ; 
prosternum  (in  our  species)  prolonged  and  pointed,  fitting  into 
the  deeply  emarginate  mesosteruum ;  metasternum  long,  with 
narrow  side  pieces ;  middle  coxaj  without  trochautin,  inclosed 
by  the  sterna ;  hind  coxa!  approximate,  intercoxal  process  of  the 
abdomen  acute  ;  tarsi  pubescent  beneath. 

Our  species  are  few  in  number,  and  belong  to  Epitragus  ;  they 
are  found  on  tall  grass,  in  moist  places.  None  have  yet  occurred 
in  the  Pacific  district.  E.  canaliculatus  Say,  is  remarkable  for 
the  thorax  of  the  male  having  a  broad,  dorsal  groove,  limited  by 
elevated  ridges. 

The  characters  here  given  do  not  apply  to  the  tribe  as  received 
by  Lacordaire,  which  might  probably  with  advantage  be  divided. 

Tribe  V.— ANEPSIIIVI. 

Body  elongate  oval,  apterous,  sparsely  hairy ;  head  received  in 
the  thorax  as  far  as  the  eyes,  which  are  almost  divided,  small  and 
coarsely  granulated  ;  front  dilated  at  the  sides  over  the  base  of 
the  mandibles,  subraarginate  anteriorly,  partly  covering  the  la- 
brum ;  mentum  large,  flat;  maxilla3  exposed,  ligula  concealed; 
gular  peduncle  broad,  distinct ;  palpi  not  dilated;  antennnj  II- 
jointed,  very  slightly  thickened  e.vterually ;  thorax  not  applied 
closely  to  the  trunk  ;  metasternum  with  narrow  episterna  ;  middle 
coxae  surrounded  by  the  sterna,  without  trochantin ;  hind  coxa? 
not  widely  separated,  intercoxal  process  of  abdomen  triangular ; 
legs  short,  tibial  spurs  distinct,  especially  the  anterior  ones,  ante- 
rior tibiaj  strongly  dilated  and  compressed ;  tarsi  short,  with 
small  spines  beneath. 

Three  small  species,  from  the  Colorado  Desert,  constitute  this 
tribe.  Anepsius  was  placed  by  Lacordaire  with  the  Ulomini, 
from  which  it  differs  not  only  by  the  larger  mentum  and  concealed 
ligula,  but  by  the  absence  of  any  coriaceous  margin  ou  the  third 
and  fourth  ventral  segments. 

The  two  genera  are  distinguished  as  follows : — 

Antennoe  slender,  gradually  thickened  externally.  Akepsiits. 

AntenniB  short,  four  last  joints  slightly  but  suddenly  larger.     BArrLifs. 


•! 


'H 


111''.'    .'. 


'M 


216 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Tribe  VI.— ZOPHERIIVI. 

Body  elongate,  apterous,  rough,  covered  with  elevations ; 
epistoma  truncate  or  broadly  emarginate ;  labrum  uncovered  ; 
inentum  large,  leaving  the  base  of  the  maxillae  and  sometimes  the 
ligula  exposed,  inserted  upon  a  very  broad,  short,  gular  process ; 
head  received  by  the  prothorax  as  far  as  the  eyes,  which  are 
very  transverse  and  very  finely  granulated  ;  antenna;  with  the 
outer  two  or  three  joints  usually  connate,  elytra  but  feebly  cm- 
bracing  the  flanks,  without  distinctly  defined  epipleura;.  Meta- 
sternum  short,  with  narrow  side  pieces ;  middle  coxa;  without 
trochantin,  inclosed  by  the  sterna.  Anterior  and  hind  coxa;  very 
widely  separated ;  intercoxal  process  of  the  abdomen  broad,  rect- 
angular ;  tibial  spurs  very  small,  or  wanting. 

Our  genera  are  as  follows : — 

Tarsi  sulcate  beneath  ;  ligula  concealed  ; 
Antenn»  received  in  very  deep  grooves ;  i 

Joints  of  antennte  9 — 11  connate,  truncate  at  tip.  ZornEKUS. 

Jf ''.is  of  antennsB  10 — 11  connate,  pointed  at  tip.  PuLiiiODES. 

Antennal  cavities  obsolete  behind,  antenna?  as  in  I'hlojodes.     Nosercs. 
Tarsi  not  sulcate  beneath ;   ligula  prominent ;    antennJE   not  received  in 
cavities  ; 
AntenniB  11-jointed,  10th  joint  wider  than  the  9th  and  11th. 

Phellopsis. 

Zopherns  occurs  in  Texas,  New  Mexico,  and  Colorado  Desert, 
To  Phloeodes  belong  Nosoderma diaboUcum  auCi pustulosiun  Lee, 
found  iu  California ;  the  getius  is  indicated  but  not  named  by 
Lacordaire.  The  type  of  Noserus  is  the  Californian  Noaoderma 
plicatum  Lee.  To  Phellopsis  belong  Boletophagus  obcordatus 
Kirby,  from  Canada  and  New  England,  and  Nosoderma  porcatum 
Lee,  from  Oregon. 

The  genus  Nosodcrma  does  not  occur  in  our  territory ;  it  differs 
from  Phellopsis  by  the  antenna;  having  the  10th  and  11th  joints 
connate  into  a  rounded  mass. 

Tribe  VII.— DACODERI^TI. 

This  tribe  contains  but  a  single  species  Dacoderus  striaticeps 
Lee,  a  singular  insect,  of  small  size,  found  under  bark,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Colorado  and  Gila  Rivers. 

Body  elongate,  not  convex,  apterous  ;  head  constricted  behind 
into  a  narrow  neck ;   eyes  coarsely  granulated,  oval ;  mcutum 


TENEBRIONIDAE. 


217 


large,  Innate,  filling  the  gular  cavity,  and  covering  the  base  of  the 
maxillte,  ligula  prominent;  antenna)  lO-jointed,  tlucls,  joints 
rounded,  equal ;  anterior  coxa)  contiguous,  their  cavities  conflu- 
ent, though  closed  behind;*  middle  coxe  without  trochantin, 
entirely  inclosed  by  the  sterna ;  hind  coxa;  widely  separated, 
intercoxal  process  of  the  abdomen  obtuse,  Grst  ventral  segment 
elongated  ;  elytra  embracing  but  slightly  the  flanks  of  the  abdomen, 
epipleurae  narrow.  Legs  moderately  short,  tibial  spurs  scarcely 
distinct,  tarsi  pubescent.  Side  pieces  of  metasternum  very  narrow. 
The  elytra  are  shining  and  coarsely  punctured,  the  thorax 
elongated,  constricted  at  the  middle,  with  a  convex  lateral  tu- 
bercle just  in  the  constriction. 

Tribe  VilL— STENOSINI. 

Body  slender,  apterous;  head  constricted  behind  into  a  neck; 
labruni  covered  by  the  epistoma ;  mentum  large,  inserted  upon  a 
gular  peduncle  ;  maxilla;  exposed,  ligula  slightly  prominent ;  eyes 
variable  in  form,  coarsely  granulated  ;  antenna;  11-jointed;  elytra 
embracing  but  slightly  the  flanks  of  the  abdomen  ;  anterior  coxa; 
moderately  separated ;  middle  coxne  without  trochantin,  inclosed 
by  the  sterna  ;  hind  coxa)  moderately  distant ;  legs  feeble,  tibial 
spurs  obsolete,  tarsi  ciliate.     Side  pieces  of  metasternum  narrow. 

Of  this  tribe  but  a  single  representative  Aroeoschizun  costipen- 
nis  Lee,  is  known  from  our  territory ;  it  is  found  on  the  borders 
of  the  Colorado  Desert. 

AriEoschizus  is  distinguished  from  foreign  genera  by  the  eyes 
being  not  divided,  but  very  small  and  linear,  situated  on  the  upper 
surface  of  the  head,  between  the  margin  and  an  elevated  line  ; 
by  the  11th  joint  of  the  thick  antennas,  being  snuill  and  partly 
received  by  the  10th  ;  and  by  the  thorax  being  long  and  feebly 
convex,  not  costate  on  the  disk. 

Tribe  IX.— APOCRYPHI.^I. 

Body  slender,  apterous  ;  head  not  constricted  behind  ;  labrum 
prominent ;  eyes  small,  emarginate,  coarsely  granulated  ;  mentum 
small,  inserted  upon  a  gular  peduncle ;  maxilla;  and  ligula  ex- 
posed; last  joint  of  palpi  strongly  securiform ;  antenna;  11 -jointed, 
slender,  scarcely  thickened  externally  ;  prothorax  globose,  flanks 
not  separated  from  the  sides ;  trunk  pedunculated ;   elytra  em- 

*  This  character  is  known  in  no  otlier  Tenebrionide. 


4 

•„';r 


:-*:-' 


^:-i 


.1 


218 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


bracing  widely  the  flanks  of  the  abdomen ;  epipleurte  narrow. 
Anterior  coxa;  moderately  separated ;  middle  coxte  inclosed  by 
the  sterna,  without  trochautin ;  hind  coxob  small,  widely  separated ; 
legs  long,  thighs  clavate ;  tibioe  slender,  with  very  small  spurs ; 
tarsi  pubescent,  with  long  hairs. 

This  tribe  consists  of  a  single  genus,  Apocrypha,  of  which  two 
species  from  California  are  known  ;  they  are  about  one-tenth  of 
an  inch  long,  and  resemble  in  form  certain  Dyschirius  of  the 
family  Carabidifi  ;  the  thorax  is  globose,  and  densely  punctured  ; 
the  elytra  are  sparsely  punctured,  with  a  few  erect,  long  hairs  ; 
the  whole  body  is  sparsely  pubescent ;  they  are  found  on  the 
ground,  and  are  rare. 

The  genus  Cononotus,  formerly  regarded  by  mo  as  allied  to 
Apocrypha,  does  not  belong  to  this  family. 

The  present  tribe  is  considered  by  Lacordaire  as  being  a  group 
of  the  tribe  Ilelopini ;  the  absence  of  the  membranous  posterior 
margin  to  the  third  and  fourth  ventral  segments,  which  is  so  evi- 
dent in  Helopini  and  all  the  allied  tribes,  induces  me  to  remove 
it  from  the  association  in  which  it  was  placed  to  Lacordaire. 

At  the  same  time  it  must  be  said  that  the  observation  of  such 
characters,  as  are  relied  on  for  the  classification  of  this  family,  is 
sometimes  very  difficult  in  small  species,  unless  specimens  may  be 
submitted  to  dissection ;  but  whatever  may  be  the  affinities  of 
Apocrypha,  its  claim  to  rank  as  a  distinct  tribe  cannot  be  con- 
troverted. 


Sub-Family  II.— ASIDIDAE. 

In  this  sub-family  the  middle  coxa;  are  coTitained  in  cavities 
wliich  are  open  externally,  so  as  to  enable  the  epimera  of  the 
mcsosternum  to  reach  the  cavities ;  there  is  also  a  distinct  tro- 
chautin visible  in  the  space  thus  formed.  To  these  characteristics 
it  may  be  added  that  the  gular  peduncle,  for  the  support  of  the 
mentum,  is  visible,  except  in  a  few  Asidini ;  the  mcsosternum  is 
always  very  short,  and  the  wings  are  wanting ;  the  tarsi  are 
always  channelled  beneath,  spinous  or  setose  along  the  margin, 
almost  never  pubescent.  The  species  are  all  found  walking  on  the 
ground  in  desert  regions.     Our  tribes  are  only  the  following : — 

Labrum  partly  covered  by  the  front.  I.  Crtptoglossini. 

Labruin  prominent ; 
Meutum  large,  ligula  partly  concealed.  II.  Asidim. 


m 


TENEBRIONIDAE.  219 


Tribe  I.— CRYPTOGLOSSIIVI. 


•  ^\> 
'  ;  ';i  i 
Mentura  small,  ligula  entirely  exposed,  lunate  ;  '  1 1 

Gula  with  a  sliort  medial  fissure.  III.  Bbanchini.  •  '   '  "fi 

Oula  without  llssure  ;  iuteruoxal  process  of  abdoueu  acute.  ■  >  ^, '  ?i  j 

IV.    COXIOSTIJII.  '     |S  I 

In  a  natural  arrangement  the  last  tribe  will  probably  take  place  11 

as  a  sub-tribe  of  I'raocini,  distinguished  from  the  genuine  Trao-  ^ 

eini  by  the  form  of  the  intereoxal  i)roccss  of  the  abdomen,  whicli 

is  broad  in  them.     The  genuine  Praocini  do  not,  however,  appear  t  . 

in  our  fauna,  and  any  discussion  of  the  question  would  be,  at 
present,  irrelevant.  ^ 


';'ii 


Body  elongate,  apterous  ;  head  rarely  deflexed,  usually  promi- 
nent, oval,  and  gradually  narrowed  behind  the  eyes,  which  are 
small,  transverse,  and   reniform,  coarsely  or   moderately   flnely 

granulated  ;  labrura  entirely  or  partly  covered  by  the  epistoma  ;  ''i, 

uientum  moderately  large,  inserted  upon  a  broad  gular  peduncle  ; 

maxilliB   exposed,  lignla  not  prominent;   elytra  with   moderate  '  j:.j 

opipleurn?,  not  very  widely  embracing  the  flanks  of  the  abdomen ,  « ' 

middle  coxa)  with  distinct  trochantin,  side  pieces  reaching  the 
coxal  cavities;  hind  coxa)  distant,  intereoxal  process  truncate; 
legs  moderate  or  stout ;  tibial  spurs  distinct.  •  •  •  :'!■ 

I  have  removed  from  this  tribe  the  genera  Eulabis,  Epantins, 
and  Ccrenopus,  included  in  it  by  Lacordaire,  since  they  have  the 
hind  margin  of  the  3d  and  4th  ventral  segments  coriaceous. 

Our  genera  indicate  two  sub-tribes,  so  distinct  that  they  should 
probably  rank  as  separate  tribes. 

fien.'B  prominent ;  tarsi  pubescent.  Nyctopoki.ni. 

Geua)  not  produced  ;  tarsi  setose.  CRYPTOoLobsiNi. 

Sub-Tribe  I.— IVyctoporiiii. 

This  sub-tribe  consists  of  bnt  a  single  Californian  gonns,  Xycto- 
poris,  found  under  bark.  The  body  is  elongate  and  rough,  the 
elytra  arc  scnlptured  with  numerous  rows  of  acute  elevations,  and 
frecjuently  eostnte  ;  the  epipleurte  occupy  the  whole  of  the  in- 
flexed  portion  of  the  elytra.  The  nieiitum  is  large,  quadrate, 
and  transverse,  the  gular  peduncle  is  almost  wanting,  the  sides 
of  the  head  beneath  are  prolonged  so  as  almost  to  touch  the 
sides  of  the  mentum,  thus  covering  the  maxilla?  except  at  the  base, 
where  they  are  visible  ;  the  last  joint  of  the  palpi  is  but  slightly 

•  ■if 

-■'(I 


220 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I 


dilated ;  the  front  is  dilated,  concealing  the  labrum.  The  side 
pieces  of  the  metasternura  are  narrow ;  the  2d  and  3d  ventral 
segments  are  scarcely  emarginate.  The  legs  are  moderate,  the 
tibial  spurs  are  small,  and  the  tarsi  are  pubescent. 

Sub-Tribe  II.— Cryptoglossini. 

Body  oblong,  with  variable  sculpture ;  the  epipleuroe  occupy 
only  a  portion  of  the  inflexed  portion  of  the  elytra,  which  is 
wider  than  in  the  preceding  sub-tribe  ;  the  mentura  is  moderately 
large,  oval,  and  flat,  in  our  genera,  and  the  sides  of  the  head  are 
not  prolonged  beneath  ;  the  gular  peduncle  is  distinct ;  the  last 
joint  of  the  palpi  is  slender  or  slightly  dilated  ;  labrum  almost 
entirely  concealed  by  the  dilated  front.  The  side  pieces  of  the 
raetasternum  are  tolerably  wide ;  some  of  the  ventral  segments 
are  strongly  emarginate  behind.  Legs  long  and  stout,  tibial 
spurs  not  small,  tarsi  spinous  beneath. 

Our  genera  belong  to  the  group  Centriopterte,  distinguished 
by  the  mesosternum  being  prominent. 

Mesosternum  perpendicular  in  front ;  last  joint  of  antenna?  oval,  acute,  not 

smaller  than  the  preceding.  Centkioi'tera. 

Mesosternum  broadly  concave ; 
Last  joint  of  antennae  oval,  very  little  smaller  than  the  10th. 

OOCHILA. 

Last  joint  of  antennie  truncate,  one-half  smaller  than  the  10th. 

Ceyptoglossa. 

Centrioptera  differs  besides  from  the  other  genera  by  the  hind 
thighs  being  roughened  with  little  teeth.  The  type  of  Oochila 
is  Asbolus?  infaustus  Lee.  from  Texas  ;  Asbolus  Lee.  is  synony- 
mous with  Cryptoglossa  Sol. ;  Centrioptera  is  found  in  California, 
Cryptoglossa  iu  Arizona  and  Utah. 


Tribe  II.— ASIDINI. 

Body  ovate,  apterous  ;  head  scarcely  narrowed  behind  the  eyes, 
which  are  transverse,  reniform,  and  moderately  finely  granulated  ; 
epistoma  very  short,  not  covering  the  base  of  the  mandibles ; 
labrum  prominent ;  mentum  large,  either  filling  entirely  the  gular 
cavity  or  inserted  upon  a  very  short  and  wide  peduncle,  and  thus 
leaving  the  base  of  the  maxillse  exposed ;  in  either  case  a  space 
permits  the  lateral  play  of  the  palpi,  the  last  joint  of  which  is 
large  and  securiform;  antennse  (11-jointed  in  our  genera)  with 


TENEBRIONIDAE. 


221 


the  nth  joint  smaller  than  the  10th  ;  elytra  embracing  widely 
the  flanks  of  the  abdomen  (except  in  Microschatia)  ;  epipleurie 
indistinct,  middle  coxa)  with  distinct  trochantin,  side  pieces  of 
mesothorax  scarcely  reaching  the  cavities ;  metastcrnum  very 
short,  with  the  episterna  wide,  and  epimera  not  visible ;  hind 
coxa;  moderately  separated ;  intercoxal  process  of  abdomen  ob- 
tuse ;  4th  and  5th  ventn.l  segments  somewhat  prolonged  behind 
at  the  sides.  Legs  moderate,  tibial  spurs  distinct ;  tarsi  setose, 
but  not  sulcatc  beneath.  Front  transversely  impressed  in  all  the 
species  known  to  me. 

The  shortness  of  the  middle  of  the  front,  and  the  exposed  base 
of  the  mandibles  give  a  somewhat  trilobed  anterior  outline,  thus 
recalling  for  the  last  time,  though  feebly,  the  form  seen  in  some  of 
the  earlier  tribes  of  the  family ;  the  large  size  of  the  mentura 
is  another  reminiscence  of  the  tribes  alluded  to,  and  this  aflinity 
is  still  more  strongly  indicated  in  the  foreign  genus  Machla, 
which,  while  placed  by  Lacordaire  in  the  present  tribe,  is  remark- 
able for  having  the  middle  coxaj  without  trochantin  and  entirely 
inclosed  by  the  sterna.  Instances  like  the  one  here  given  show 
the  impossibility  of  exhibiting  even  the  most  important  afliuities 
in  a  linear  arrangement  of  a  family  constituted,  like  the  present, 
of  a  very  large  number  of  tribes  of  equal  value. 

Our  genera  are  : — 

Mentum  filling  the  gular  cavity; 
Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  moderate ;  mentum  and  mandibles  approxi- 
mate, leaving  room  only  for  the  palpi ; 
Inflexed  portion  of  elytra  narrow.  Microhcuatia. 

lullexed  portion  elytra  wide ; 

Prosternum  prominent,  ant.  tibiiE  with  the  outer  angle  prolonged. 

AsTltOTCS. 

Prosternum  not  prominent ;  anterior  tibite  truncate.     Ologlyptus. 
Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  very  large ;  mentum  and  mandibles  sepa- 
rated by  a  wide  space.  Pelkcyimiorus. 
Mentum  inserted  upon  a  broad  peduncle,  lateral  fissures  distinct ;  last  joint 
of  maxillary  palpi  very  large  ; 

Posterior  angles  of  thorax  distinct.  Asida. 

Posterior  angles  of  thorax  obtuse  or  rounded.  Euschides. 

The  last  two  genera  do  not  seem  to  be  separated  by  any  distinct 
characters  :  by  combining  them  Asida  would  become  protean  in 
form  like  Pelecyphorus  and  Eleodes. 

The  genera  Microschatia,  Pelecyphorus,  and  Euschides,  occur 
from  Kansas  to  the  Pacific  coast ;  Astrotus  is  found  in  Texas  ; 


M:-i. 


.,!..^ 


!  I 


•v^d 


.-  (■ 


■','\ 


V 


'4 
'4 


'ii 


222 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Ologlyptas  (Pactostoma  Lee.)  and  Asida  in  Kansas  and  New 
Mexico. 

Philolithus  Lac.  I  have  not  adopted  as  it  seems  to  merge  im- 
percepti'jly  into  Pelecypliorua. 

Tribe  IIL-BRANCHIIIiri. 

Body  oval,  moderately  convex,  apterous ;  head  flat,  received 
in  the  thorax  as  far  as  the  eyes,  which  are  transverse  and  mode- 
rately coarsely  granulated ;  epistoma  emarglnate  in  the  middle, 
feebly  trilobed  (as  in  Asida),  covering  the  base  of  mandibles ; 
frontal  suture  indistinct ;  labrum  prominent,  emargiuate ;  an- 
tennae slender,  11-jointed,  outer  points  broader  ;  raentum  moder- 
ate, trapeziform,  emarginate  in  front,  inserted  upon  a  gular  pe- 
duncle which  is  distinctly  lissured  at  the  middle  owing  to  the 
coalescence  of  the  gular  sutures ;  maxillae  exposed,  palpi  very 
slightly  dilated  ;  ligula  moderately  prominent,  emarginate.  Pro- 
thorax  bisinuate  at  base,  hind  angles  slightly  prolonged,  embracing 
the  humeri ;  elytra  embracing  widely  the  flanks  of  the  abdomen  ; 
epipleurae  narrow,  suddenly  dilated  at  the  base  ;  anterior  coxoj 
subtransverse,  middle  coxae  with  distinct  trochantin,  side  pieces 
attaining  the  coxal  cavities  ;  metasternum  short,  episterna  wide, 
epimcra  distinct ;  hind  coxae  separated,  intercoxal  process  of  ab- 
domen truncate  ;  tibial  spurs  distinct,  tarsi  setose  beneath. 

I  have  separated  as  a  distinct  tribe  a  new  genus  Branchus, 
which  seems  to  combine  characters  belonging  to  the  South  Ameri- 
can tribes  Nycteliini  and  Praocini.  With  the  former  it  possesses 
the  medial  gular  fissure,  with  the  latter  the  prominent  emarginate 
ligula  ;  the  epipleurae  are  suddenly  dilated  at  the  base  in  all  three. 

The  species  of  Branchus  somewhat  resemble  in  form  Opatrum, 
and  are  opaque,  coarsely  punctured,  and  slightly  pubescent ;  on 
the  elytra  are  rows  of  vague  foveae  as  in  Discodemus,  but  more 
strongly  marked.  They  are  known  to  me  from  Nicaragua,  Island 
of  New  Providence  (Bahama),  and  Florida.  A  species  from 
Honduras  difiTers  from  the  others  by  its  anterior  tibiae  being  trun- 
cate, and  will,  therefore,  constitute  a  distinct  genus ;  in  form  it 
resembles  a  broad  Asida  rather  than  Opatrum ;  the  tibiae  of  the 
other  species  are  prolonged  at  the  outer  angle,  though  less  so 
than  in  Eusattus  and  allied  genera  of  Coniontini.  So  far  as  I 
know,  none  of  the  species  of  this  tribe  are  described.  The  species 
from  Florida,  -61  unc.  long,  with  the  thorax  strongly  narrowed  in 


.1!  I 
'3'! 


TWn 


TENEBRIONIDAE. 


223 


front  and  rounded  on  the  sides,  coarsely  punctured,  with  a  faint 
smooth  dorsal  line,  and  the  elytra  with  faint  costa3  between  the 
rows  of  irregular  fovea),  maybe  called  liranchus  Jloridanus. 

Tribe  IV.— COIVIOIVTINI. 

Body  oval  or  globose,  apterous ;  epistonia  covering  the  base 
of  the  mandibles;  labrum  prominent;  mentum  moderate,  eraar- 
ginatc  ;  gular  peduncle  short  or  almost  obsolete  ;  ligula  promi- 
nent, emarginate  ;  maxilloe  exposed  ;  eyes  transverse,  small,  mode- 
rately coarsely  granulated ;  elytra  usually  with  narrow  ei)ipleur£e ; 
anterior  coxffi  subtransverse ;  middle  coxa)  with  distinct  trochantin, 
side  pieces  of  mesothorax  attaining  the  coxal  cavities ;  meta- 
sternum  very  short,  episterna  wide,  epiraera  visible  ;  hind  coxai 
approximate  ;  intercoxal  process  of  abdomen  acute  ;  tibial  spurs 
long,  tarsi  spinous  beneath ;  the  first  joint  of  hind  tarsi  very 
long. 
Anteiince  very  short ;  lat  joint  of  anterior  tarsi  prolonged  into  a  large  Bpine. 

COELCS. 

Antennae  long ;  tarsi  simple ; 
Anterior  tibiae  with  the  outer  angle  much  prolonged ; 
luflexed  portion  of  elytra  wide  ; 
Epipleurae  suddenly  dilated  at  the  base.  DiscoDEMrs. 

EpipleursB  gradually  wider  in  front.  Ecsattuh. 

Inflexed  portion  of  elytra  narrow,  limited  by  epipleural  margin. 

COXIPIN0S. 

Anterior  tibia  truncate  at  hip ;  inflexed  portion  of  elytra  narrow. 

CONIONTIS. 

Coelua  contains  two  species  found  on  the  California  seashore. 
Discodemus  is  founded  upon  Zophosis  reticulata  Say.,  from  Kansas 
and  Arizona,  and  Couipinus  upon  Eumttus  dubius  and  prndiictus 
Lee.,  from  Arizona;  Eusattus  is  distributed  from  Kansas  to 
Texas,  California,  and  Oregon.  Coniontis  contains  several  Cali- 
fornian  species,  one  from  Oregon  and  one  from  Kansas.  These 
insects  are  all  found  under  stones,  «fec.  on  the  ground. 


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Sub-Family  III.— TENEBRIONIDAE  (gcnuini). 

In  this  sub-family  the  posterior  margin  of  the  third  and  fourth 
ventral  segments  is  coriaceous ;  the  middle  coxa)  are  usually  pro- 
vided with  a  distinct  trochantin,  and  their  cavities  extend  out- 
wards to  reach  the  epimera ;  sometimes  (Ulomini)  the  trochantin 
is  absent,  but  in  these  cases  it  appears  to  me  rather  to  be  united 


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224 


COLEOPTEBA  OF  NOUTII  AMEniCA. 


with  the  mcsosteriium,  than  to  bo  absohitt-ly  wuntiiig,  as  in  the 
first  sub-iamily ;  tho  iniddlu  coxu)  arc  in  no  case  so  closely  em- 
braced by  the  sterna  as  in  tho  Tentyriidu).  The  body  is  more 
fre(iuently  winged  than  apterous,  and,  cousuciucntly,  the  nieta- 
sternum  is  more  frequently  long  than  short ;  the  nientum  is  small, 
or,  at  most,  moderate  in  size,  and  does  not  conceal  either  ligula 
or  maxilltt! ;  the  gular  peduncle  is  ai>vays  distinct.  The  anterior 
COXU)  are  sometimes  oval  or  subtransverse,  a  character  not  seen 
in  the  other  two  sub-families  ;  equally  peculiar  to  this  sub-family 
is  the  short,  coriaceous  clypeus  seen  between  the  front  and  labrum 
in  certain  tribes.  It  is  here  too  that  the  first  instances  occur  of 
genera  with  entire  mandiijles.  The  tarsi  are  pubescent  beneath, 
sometimes  silky,  very  rarely  spinous  or  setose. 

A  large  number  of  the  species  are  found  under  bark ;  the  first 
four  tribes  are,  however,  found  on  the  ground. 

Our  tribes  may  bo  separated  as  follows  : — 

Elytra  embraciug  widely  the  ilaukn  of  tho  abdomen.  I.  Blaptim. 

Elytra  uot  embracing  widely  tho  Hanks  of  tho  abdomen  ; 
Front  entirely  corneous,  articulating  directly  with  tho  labrum  ;  clypeus 
not  visible ; 
Middle  and  liind  legs  not  fossorial ; 
Front  broadly  dilated  at  the  sides,  emarginate  anteriorly  ; 

Anterior  tarsi  of  male  dilated.  II.  PEnixisi. 

Anterior  tarsi  of  male  not  dilated.  III.  Opatuini. 

Front  moderately  dilated  at  the  sides,  not  emarginate  anteriorly  ; 
Anterior  coxse  rounded  ;  trochantiu  of  middle  coxip  distinct ; 
Tarsi  spinous  or  setose  beneath.  IV.  Scaukiki. 

Tarsi  pubescent ; 

I'enultiiuate  joint  of  tarsi  entire.  V.  TENEnRioNiNi. 

Penultimate  joint  of  tarsi  lobed.  VI.  Heteuotarsini. 

Anterior  coxae  subtransverse,  trochantin  of  middle  coxa3  obsolete. 

VII.  Ulomini. 
Legs  all  fossorial.  VIII.  Tkachyscelini. 

Front  partly  coriaceous,  or  separated  from  the  labrum  by  a  short  coria- 
ceous clypeus ; 
Tarsi  spinous  or  setose  beneath ; 
Anterior  tibize  dilated.  IX.  Pualeriini. 

Anterior  tibise  not  dilated.  X.  Ckypticini. 

Tarsi  pubescent ;  anterior  coxae  subtransverse, 
GenoB  sulcate  for  the  base  of  the  antennoe.         XI.  Boletophagini. 
GeniB  not  sulcate.  XII.  Diaferim. 

Tarsi  pubescent,  anterior  coxsb  rounded ; 
Antennal  ridges  on  the  same  plane  as  the  front ;  (clypeus  distinct)  ; 
Middle  coxaj  without  trochantin.  XIII.  Adelinini. 

Middle  coxco  with  distinct  trochantin.  XIV.  Uelopiki. 


-r:^ 


TENEBniONIDAB. 


223 


Antennal   ridgea  obliquely  elevated ;    (anterior  part  of  front  oorlu- 
ueou!*,  but  not  separate  as  a  olypeus) ; 
MetiiHternum  Hliort.  XV.  Mgracanthini. 

MetaMteruuui  lung.  XVI.  U'ruu^UY^Il^l. 

It  will  1)0  observed  by  the  general  student  that  the  abovo-nieii- 
'tioned  tribes,  with  various  foreign  ones  not  represented  in  our 
faniuv,  fall  into  three  natural  divisions :  1.  Blaptoides,  having 
the  flanks  of  the  abdomen  widely  embraced  by  the  elytra,  and  the 
clypens  absent ;  important  foreign  trilios  of  this  division  are  typi- 
fied by  Pimelia  and  Scotol)ius.  2.  TENEniiiniDEs,  having  tlie  in- 
flexed  portion  of  the  elytra  narrow,  and  the  clypeus  absent,  con- 
taining in  our  fauna  tribes  II — VIII.  3.  Helopoides,  having 
the  inflcxed  portion  of  the  elytra  narrow,  and  a  distinct,  coriaceous 
clypeus  between  the  front  (or  epistoma)  and  the  labrum ;  this 
division  includes  the  remaining  tribes. 


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Tribe  I.-BLAPTI!¥I. 

Body  oblong,  rarely  oval,  apterous  ;  head  prominent,  slightly 
narrowed  behind  the  eyes ;  epistoma  covering  the  base  of  the 
mandibles  at  the  sides ;  labrum  prominent ;  mentum  small,  in- 
serted upon  a  gular  peduncle  ;  maxilhc  exposed  ;  ligula  jiartly 
concealed ;  maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  securiform,  not 
very  large  ;  eyes  transverse,  reniform,  tolerably  finely  granulated  ; 
antenna;  11-jointcd,  with  the  outer  joints  rounded,  ctpial ;  elytra 
embracing  widely  the  flanks  of  the  abdomen,  epipleura)  narrow  ; 
middle  coxie  with  large  trochantin,  side  pieces  attaining  the  coxal 
cavities ;  metasternum  very  short,  episterna  narrow,  epimera  quite 
distinct ;  hind  coxa;  widely  separated  ;  intercoxal  process  of  ab- 
domen rectangular ;  third  and  fourth  ventral  segments  not  pro- 
longed behind  at  the  margin.  Legs  long ;  anterior  femora  fre- 
quently toothed ;  tibial  spurs  distinct ;  tarsi  channelled  and  setose 
beneath. 

In  all  of  the  genera  found  in  our  territory  the  mentum  is  tri- 
lobed,  the  middle  lobe  projecting  over  the  ligula,  and  the  lateral 
ones  frequently  bent  inwards,  so  as  to  become  scarcely  visible. 
Another  character  common  to  all  our  genera  is  that  only  the  joints 
9 — 11  of  the  antennsB  are  rounded. 

Our  genera  are  but  three,  each  representing  a  separate  group. 

Flank3  of  elytra  not  acutely  margined ;  Elkodes. 

Flanks  of  elytra  acutely  margined ; 
15 


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f'dliEOl'TERA  OP  NOnril  AMKTVIOA. 


Anterior  tnrHi  of  rnftle  not  dilated ;  humeri  of  elytra  not  enilirncinp  the 
thorax.  Kmiiaphion. 

AiUorior  tarsi  of  male  with  Joints  1 — 2  slightly  dilated,  Hpongy  boneatli ; 
humeri  of  elytra  emlirauiiig  the  base  of  thorax.  I'uomus. 

The  Species  of  Eleodes  are  very  numerous,  and  arc  found  from 
the  longitmlo  of  IMatte  River  to  the  I'ucilic.  Enibaphion  con- 
tains four  species,  found  in  TcxaH,  Kansas,  and  Arizona.  E. 
muricalum  and  loncavum  are  of  an  elliptical  form,  with  widely 
reflexed  margin ;  E.  contiuuni  has  the  thorax  distant  from  the 
elytra,  its  margins  are  still  widely  reflexed  ;  in  E.  deprcsszim 
{Eleodes  dept'essa  Lee.)  the  thorax  is  also  distant  from  the 
elytra,  but  the  margin  is  narrow  and  not  reflexed,  thus  establishing 
a  i)assage  to  Eleodes. 

The  type  and  oidy  species  of  Pronius  is  Jilaps  opaca  Say,  a 
very  abundant  insect  on  the  plains  east  of  the  Kooky  Mountains. 

Tribe  II.— PEDINIIVI. 

Body  oval,  not  very  convex ;  epistoma  emarginatc,  covering 
the  base  of  the  mandibles  ;  labrum  prominent ;  mentum  frequently 
trilobcd  in  front,  small  or  moderate  in  size ;  gular  peduncle 
distinct;  ligula  prominent,  entire  or  slightly  sinuate  in  front; 
eyes  transverse,  sometimes  divided  ;  elytra  embracing  feebly  the 
flanks  of  the  abdomen ;  cpipleursc  narrow ;  anterior  coxtc  sub- 
transverse  ;  middle  coxje  with  distinct  trochantin,  side  pieces  of 
mesothorax  extending  to  the  coxal  cavities ;  raetasternum  very 
short,  epimera  distinct ;  hind  coxa?  distant ;  intercoxal  proces.s 
of  abdomen  truncate  ;  tibial  spurs  small,  distinct ;  anterior,  and 
sometimes  the  middle  tarsi  of  the  male  dilated,  and  spongy  be- 
neath ;  hind  tarsi  sometimes  pubescent,  sometimes  spinous. 

Two  groups  occur  in  our  fauna  : — 

Eyes  not  divided.  Platynoti. 

Eyes  completely  divided.  Blapstini. 

Group  I.— Platj^notl. 
This  group,  distinguished  by  the  epistoma  being  cniarginato, 
and  the  eyes  not  entirely  divided,  is  represented  in  our  fau- 
only  a  few  species  of  Opatrinus  from  the  Atlantic  district, 
trinus  is  distinguished  from  foreign  genera  of  the  same  gr(ti.,   ny 
the  thorax  being  sinuate  at  base,  and  by  the  inflexed  portion  (if 
the  elytra  being  formed  entirely  of  the  epipleurse ;  the  mentum 
is  trilobed  in  front,  and  the  anterior  tibiae  are  not  dilated. 


T£NEDR10NIDAE. 


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Uroup  II.— Blapatinl. 

In  this  group  the  eyes  are  completely  divided  •  the  cpistoma  is 
oraarginato,  and  the  intiexod  part  ol"  the  elytra  is  coiii|»u.sed  entirely 
of  the  epipleurtfi  ;  the  iiicntum  is  not  trilobed  in  front.  In  Nuti- 
bius  and  C'onibius  the  dilatation  of  the  anterior  lar.si  of  the  luulo 
is  very  feeble,  hut  in  the  genus  last  iianied  the  anterior  tibiae  of 
that  sex  are  bent  and  armed  with  u  tooth,  on  the  inner  face,  near 

tho  base. 

f 

lutercoxal  procoss  of  alxlomen  short,  triangular ; 

Superior  portion  of  eyes  largt*,  rouiKloJ.  BLArsxiNTB. 

Superior  portion  of  eyea  Hinall,  linear.  Comhu's. 

Intercoxal  process  of  abdomen  l)roa(l,  rectangular; 

Superior  portion  of  eyes  small,  rounded.  NoTiBirs. 

Blapstinus  contains  many  species,  and  is  found  in  every  part 
of  our  territory  ;  Conibius  and  Notibius  occur  only  in  California. 

Tribe  III.— OPATRIIVI. 

Body  oval,  not  convex ;  head  received  by  the  thorax  as  far  as 
the  eyes,  which  are  transverse,  strongly  emarginate,  and  coarsely 
granulated  ;  cpistoma  emarginate,  covering  the  base  of  the  man- 
dibles ;  labruni  prominent ;  mentum  small,  inserted  upon  a  dis- 
tinct gular  peduncle  ;  ligula  prominent,  not  deeply  emarginate  ; 
maxillae  exposed ;  elytra  with  not  very  wide  cpii)leuiu',  occupying 
the  whole  of  the  inflexed  portion.  Anterior  coxai  subtrunsverse 
or  rounded  ;  middle  coxaj  with  distinct  trochantin,  side  pieces 
attaining  the  cavities;  hind  coxtc  distant;  intercoxal  process 
truncate  or  acute ;  legs  moderately  stout,  front  tibia)  dilated  in 
our  genera ;  tibial  spurs  small ;  tarsi  setose  beneath.  Metasternum 
with  narrow  episterna  and  distinct  ci)iniera.  Iliud  margin  of 
third  and  fourth  ventral  segments  subcoriaceous. 

The  above  definition  applies  not  to  the  whole  tribe,  but  rather 
to  our  genera,  which  are  but  two  in  number,  each  represented  by 
a  single  species  from  the  Northern  Atlantic  States,  found  near 
the  sea-shore.  Both  belong  to  the  group  Stizopodes,  which  is 
distinguished  by  the  last  joint  of  the  palpi  being  securiform  ;  the 
anterior  tibiaj  dilated ;  the  epipleuroe  not  reaching  the  tip  of  the 
elytra.  Ammodonus  fossor  Muls.  {Opatrum  f.  Lee.)  has  the 
■wings  well  developed ;  Ephalus  latimanus  {Heliopates  I.  Lee.) 
to  apterous ;  in  the  latter  the  autcnnie  are  very  short. 


•  ■m 


228 


COI-EOrXERA  OF  NORTH  AMKKICA. 


I 


Anterior  tibiae  slightly  dilated,  with  the  outer  angle  very  much  prolonged; 
intercoxal  process  of  abdomen  acute.  Ammodonus. 

Anterior  tibiie  very  broad,  triangular,  outer  angle  slightly  prolonged;  inter- 
coxal process  truncate.  Kfualus. 

Tribe  IV.-SCAURIIVI. 

Body  elongate,  apterous ;  head  prolonged  behind  the  eyes, 
which  are  small,  transverse,  reniform,  and  coarsely  granulated  ; 
front  dilated  at  the  sides  and  anteriorly  ;  hbrum  covered  ;  nien- 
tuni  small,  with  small  inflexed  lateral  lobes;  ligiila  prominent; 
gular  peduncle  distinct ;  palpi  with  the  last  joint  dilated,  trian- 
gular;  antenna)  11-jointed,  outer  joints  broader,  rounded,  sub- 
transverse.  Elytra  uot  embracing  widely  the  lltinks  of  the  ab- 
domen ;  epipleura;  narrow,  reaching  the  tip  of  the  elytra ;  meso- 
sternura  very  short,  side  pieces  narrow  ;  ei)imera  distinct.  Hind 
margin  of  third  and  fourth  ventral  segments  subcoriaccous  ;  third 
and  fourth  ventral  sutures  deeply  impressed,  the  corresponding 
segments  scarcely  emarginate  in  Eulabis  and  Apsena,  deeply 
emarginate  in  Cerenopus.  Anterior  coxa;  rounded ;  middle 
coxte  with  distinct  trochantin  ;  hind  coxa)  oval,  very  widely  sepa- 
rated ;  legs  iioderate  and  simple  (Eulabis),  or  long,  variously 
toothed  (Cerenopus)  ;  tibial  spurs  distinct  or  large  ;  tarsi  spinous 
beneath.     Scutellum  broad,  uot  penetrating  oetweeu  the  elytra. 

But  three  genera  represent  this  tribe  in  our  fauna  ;  they  difl'cr 
from  all  the  neighboring  tribes  of  the  present  sub-family  by  the 
tarsi  bei:;g  clothed  beneath  with  spines  in.jtead  of  hair. 

The  genera  may  be  distinguished  as  follows  ; — 

Head  short,  legs  simple  ; 
Mentum  with  a  sudden  elevation  at  the  middle  (body  glabrous). 

KutABIS!. 

Mentum  nearly  flat ;  body  slightly  pubescent.  .Ap^k.na. 

Head  long  ;  legs  of  %  toothed  ;  mentum  nearly  flat.  Cekenopus. 

The  last  genus  inhabits  Arizona,  Texas,  and  the  Colorado 
Desert  ;  in  the  males  the  anterior  tibia)  are  serrate  internally,  and 
the  hind  femora  are  armed  with  several  small  teeth.  The  other 
two  genera  are  found  in  California ;  Epantius  Lee.  does  not 
appear  to  be  sufficiently  distinct  from  Eulabis,  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  Eulabis  pufjcscens  1,0'.\,  the  type  of  Apsena,  while  liaving 
the  form  and  sculpture  of  one  of  the  species  of  Eulal)is  (E.  rv- 
Jipes),  has  the  mentum  as  in  Cerenopus,  that  is,  nearly  flat,  with 
two  impressions,  separated  by  a  faint  medial  elevatiou. 


r 


TENEBRIOXTPAE. 


229 


Tribe  V.— TE]VEBRIO]Vmi. 

13otly  moderately  elongated,  apterous,  or  winged ;.  head  pro- 
longed, but  scarcely  narrowed  behind,  not  received  in  the  thorax 
as  far  as  the  eyes,  wiiich  are  transverse  and  eiuarginate,  mode- 
rately finely  granulated  ;  front  dilated  on  the  sides,  covering  the 
base  of  the  mandibles  ;  epistoma  truncate  or  slightly  emarginate, 
not  separated  from  the  labrum  by  aelypeus  ;  anteunaj  11-jointed, 
gradually  thickened  externally ;  mentum  small,  partly  concealing 
the  ligula,  inserted  upon  a  gular  peduncle ;  elytra  embracing 
feebly  the  flanks  of  the  abdomen  ;  cpipleune  narrow.  Anterior 
coxa;  globose  ;  middle  coxa?  with  distinct  trochantin  ;  legs  long  ; 
tibial  spurs  small ;  tarsi  clothed  beneath  with  silky,  golden  pu- 
bescence, or  with  ordinary  coarse  pubescence.  Hind  margin  of 
third  and  fourth  ventral  segments  subcoriaceous. 

This  tribe  embraces  the  Cceloraetopidcs  of  Lacordaire,  with  a 
portion  of  his  Tenebrionides ;  the  vestiture  of  the  tarsi  appears 
to  me  to  l>e  of  more  structural  importance  than  the  length  of  the 
metasternum,  by  which  merely  apterous  and  winged  species  are 
<listinguished.  The  affinity  pointed  out  between  some  of  tlic 
genera  and  the  tribe  Scaurini  is  very  strong,  and  I  am  somewliat 
in  doubt  whether  Poiypleurus  would  not  be  equally  well  plactd 
in  the  preceding  tribe. 

The  genera  may  be  divided  into  three  groups  : — 

Tiir.si  silky  pubescent  beneath  ; 

Epipleur.'e  not  narrowed  towards  the  ajiex  of  the  elytra.      PoLYri-KURi. 

Epipleura!  gradually  narrowed  towards  tiie  apex  of  the  elytra.      Ui'es. 
Tarsi  coarsely  pubescent  beneath.  Texebuionb>'. 

Group  I.— Polyplenrl. 

The  genus  Poiypleurus,  consisting  of  three  species,  found  under 
stones  in  the  Atlantic  States,  is  alone  contained  in  this  group. 

The  hind  coxa;  are  widely  distant,  the  legs  slender;  the  tarsi 
are  silky  i)ubescent  beneath  ;  the  metasternum  is  very  short,  and 
the  cpipleune  extend  to  the  extreme  tip  of  the  elytra,  and  are  nut 
narrower  there  than  at  the  middle.  Tlie  ))ody  is  elongate  ovate 
in  form,  the  thorax  and  elytra  closely  fitting  togetlier,  the  latter 
with  rows  of  distant  fovea;,  the  alternate  spaces  being  slightly 
raised.  The  labrum  and  ligula  are  less  prominent  than  in  the 
other  genera  uf  the  tribe  ;  the  mentum  is  subtrilobed,  the  middle 
lobe  wide,  the  lateral  ones  snmll  and  inflexed. 


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230 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


The  two  species  found  in  the  Middle  and  Southern  States  are 
dull,  opa(iuo  black.  The  genus  has  been  recently  increased  by  a 
larger  (-fiS  inch)  shining  black  species  from  Florida,  P.  nitidus 
Lee,  in  which  the  large  punctures  of  the  elytra  are  arranged  in 
regular  rows,  and  the  intervals  are  not  elevated.  It  also  differs  from 
the  other  two  species  by  the  outer  joints  of  the  antennse  not  being 
transverse,  and  by  the  labrum  being  more  prominent ;  the  latter 
is  possibly  an  accidental  character,  as  I  have  observed  in  Cibdelis, 
Euryraetopon,  and  other  genera  of  various  tribes,  that  the  labrum 
is  capable  of  protrusion  and  retraction  to  a  limited  degree. 

Group  II. — Upes. 

In  this  group  the  hind  coxa3  vary  in  position ;  the  mctasternum  in 
the  apterous  species  is  very  short,  but  iii  the  winged  ones  long ;  the 
epiplcura3  do  not  reach  the  tip  of  the  elytra  in  most  of  the  genera, 
and  in  others  they  are  gradually  narrowed,  barely  reaching  the  tii>. 

These  species  are  found  under  bark  of  dead  trees.  Our  genera 
are  as  follows  : — 

Epipleurfe  not  attaining  the  tip  of  the  elytra; 

Tibiae  grooved  on  the  inner  face;  (metasternnm  short).      C(Elocnemis. 
Tibiio  not  grooved  on  the  inner  face  ; 

Mentum  flat,  rounded  in  front ;  (metasternnm  short).  Cibdelis. 

Mentixm  generally  convex,  suhtrilobatc  or  broadly  emarginate  ; 
Cinla  sulcata  transversely;  (lueta.steruum  short).         ScotoBz-ekus. 
Gula  not  snlcate ; 
Margin  of  front  reflexed.  Cektronopcs. 

Margin  of  front  not  reflexed  ;  (metasternum  long)  ; 
Thighs  very  thick,  clavate  ; 
Mentum  prominent  at  the  middle.  Meri.vcs. 

Mentum  broadly  emarginate.  Pachyukous. 

Thighs  slender,  or  slightly  thickened  ; 
Mentum  flat,  broadly  emarginate  in  front ;  hind  tarsi  long. 

XVLOPINUS. 

Mentum  slightly  convex,  almost  truncate  in  front ;  hind  tarsi 

short.  Haplandeus. 

Mentum  prominent  at  the  middle,  strongly  trilobed  ;  hind  tarsi 
long.  Uris. 

Epipleura3  reaching  the  tip  of  the  elytra ;  metasteraum  long ;  hind  tarsi 
short ; 
Head  with  a  deep  postocnlar  furrow  ; 

Mentum  prominent  at  the  middle.  Glyptotits. 

Head  not  grooved  behind  the  eyes  ; 

Mentum  flat,  lateral  lobes  sn\all,  inflexed.  Nvi-tobatps. 

Mentum  flat,  lateral  lobes  wanting.  Iputuijils. 


^ 


TENEBRIONIDAE. 


231 


Of  these  genera  Coelocnemis,  Cibdelis,  ami  ScotoUifims  are  Cali- 
foniian;  Centronopus  contains  two  species,  C.  opacuti  Lee,  with- 
out wings,  found  near  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  C.  calcaratuti  Lee. 
{Tenebrio  calc.  Fabr.),  winged,  from  the  Atlantic  States.  The 
type  and  only  species  of  Meriuus  is  'Tenebrio  lavin  Oliv.,  a  large 
insect  of  a  dull  black  color;  that  of  Pachyurgus  is  Iphthinus  itreun 
Mels.  ;  to  Xylopinus  belong  Tenebrio  anthruvinus  Knoeh,  and 
rufipes  Say,  all  from  the  Atlantic  States.  To  Upis  belongs  U. 
ceramboides  Fal)r.  (retivulatus  Say),  which  is  found  throughout 
the  northern  portion  of  the  continent ;  Ilajtlandrus  comprises 
Trofjosita  femorata  Fabr.  (Upis  fulvijjes  Ilerbst.),  and  two 
other  species. 

Singular  sexual  characters  arc  observed  in  the  anterior  and 
middle  tibisB  of  Centronopus,  in  the  anterior  tibiai  of  Xylopinus, 
and  in  the  anterior  and  hind  ti))ia3  of  Merinus  ;  in  the  last  named 
the  hind  femora  are  also  armed  with  a  small  tooth.  No  very 
marked  sexual  differences  are  seen  in  L^pis,  Ilaplandrus,  Scoto- 
bajnus,  or  Cibdelis,  nor  in  the  genera  with  entire  epipleurai.  In 
Coelocnemis  the  hind  tibia)  of  the  male  are  furnished  with  a  dense 
brush  of  hair  on  the  inner  face  near  the  tip. 

Group  III.-TEIVEBRIO]¥E$. 

In  this  group  the  body  is  elongate  oval,  or  elongate,  and 
winged  ;  the  hind  coxa)  are  moderately  distant,  the  legs  are 
slender,  and  the  tibial  spurs  are  more  conspicuous  than  in  the 
otlier  two  groups,  tlie  tarsi  arc  clothed  beneath  with  a  rigid  pu- 
bescence ;  the  epipleura)  are  variable  in  length.  The  meutum  is 
flat  and  trapezoidal. 

Our  genera  are  : — 

Epipleurae  extending  to  the  tip  of  tlie  elytra.  Tenebrio. 

Epipleune  not  reaching  the  tip  of  the  elytra.  Bius. 

Some  of  the  species  arc  found  under  ))ark,  and  others  in  articles 
of  commerce.  To  Bius  must  be  referred  Tenebrio  eatriatus  Lee., 
from  California  and  Hudson's  Bay  Territory. 

Tribe  VI.— IlETEROTAnSllVI. 

This  tribe  contains  a  few  winged  species  of  small  size,  and  ovate 
form  ;  they  are  remarkable  for  tlie  coarseness  of  the  punctures, 
and  are  sparsely  clothed  with  erect  hair. 


fli 


^:i 


232 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


The  bead  is  not  received  in  the  thorax  as  far  as  the  eyes,  which 
are  hxrge  and  coarsely  granulated ;  the  front  is  slightly  dilated 
over  the  base  of  the  mandibles  ;  the  labrura  articulates  with  the 
epistoma  without  any  iuterveuing  clypeus ;  the  antenna.'  11-jointed, 
slightly  thickeued  externally ;  the  nientum  is  small ;  the  epiplcuraj 
are  narrow  and  extend  to  the  tip  of  the  elytra.  The  anterior 
coxte  are  globose,  the  middle  ones  have  a  distinct  trochantin,  the 
hind  coxie  are  slightly  separated,  and  the  intercoxal  process  of 
the  abdomen  is  triangular ;  the  legs  are  moderate  ;  tibial  spurs 
small;  tarsi  clothed  beneath  with  long  pubescence,  the  penulti- 
mate joint  somewhat  lobed.  The  hind  margin  of  the  third  and 
fourth  ventral  segments  is  subcoriaceous. 

Our  genera  are  two  : — 

AntHitnse  gradually  and  slightly  thickened  externally.  AN;Enrs. 

Auteuuce  with  the  joiuts  9 — 11  suddeuly  larger.  Paratexetus. 

Two  species  of  Ana;dus  are  known  in  our  fauna  ;  one  from  the 
Atlantic  States,  the  other  frum  the  Gila  valley.  Paratenetus 
occurs  in  the  Atlantic  States ;  it  was  placed  by  Spinola  in  Cle- 
ridte,  and  is  omitted  by  Lacordaire  ;  Erichson  referred  it  to  the 
present  family. 


Tribe  VII.— IJLO.mXI. 

Body  oval  or  elongate,  winged  ;  head  slightly  but  suddenly 
narrowed  behind,  received  in  the  thorax  up  to  the  eyes,  which  (in 
our  genera)  are  transverse,  emarginate,  and  coarsely  granulated  ; 
the  front  is  dilated  so  as  to  cover  the  base  of  the  mandil)les,  and 
in  part  the  mouth ;  the  labrum  is  but  slightly  prominent ;  the 
mentum  is  small  and  trapezoidal,  not  concealing  the  ligula  ;  gular 
peduncle  distinct;  anteinuv!  ll-jointed,  more  or  less  thickened 
externally,  perfoliate.  Elytra  with  narrow  epiplcuraj.  Anterior 
coxie  subtransverse  ;  middle  coxte  inclosed  by  the  sterna,  without 
trochantin  ;  hind  coxfB  slightly  separated  ;  intercoxal  process  of 
the  abdomen  triangular;  legs  moderate;  tibiie  sometimes  dilated  ; 
til)ial  spurs  distinct ;  tarsi  pubescent  beneath,  the  last  joint  much 
elongated.  The  hind  margin  -^  the  third  and  fourth  ventral 
segments  is  subcoriaceous. 

The  species  are  found  under  bark ;  a  few  also  infest  articles  of 
commerce. 


i 


•■il 

f  ?! 


288 


Tbibolicm. 


GnAI'UOCERUB. 

Cyn^kus. 

TuAHSUS, 

Uloma. 

Alpuitobius. 

Ulosonia. 
Neatl's. 

Al'ilANOTUS. 


TENERIIIONIDAE. 

Our  genera  may  be  distinguislied  as  follows  :- 

Anti'iiiKe  with  the  last  thii-e  joints  sudilenly  larger. 
AnteiiiiJi!  with  the  outer  joints  griulually  larger ; 
Epipleune  not  reaching  the  tip  of  the  elytra  ; 
Front  tibi;e  slender ; 
Outer  joints  of  antennse  trapezoidal. 
Outer  joints  of  antennse  transverse,  rounded  ; 
First  joint  of  hind  tarsi  long. 
First  joint  of  hind  tarsi  short. 
Front  tiliiie  dilated,  serrate. 
Epipleune  extending  to  tiie  tip  of  the  elytra; 
Front  tiliiiu  dilated,  finely  denticulate. 
Front  tibiiu  slender ; 
Mentnni  trapezoidal. 

Mentum  with  small,  lateral,  inflexed  lobes. 
Front  tibiie  dilated,  not  denticulate. 

Triboliura  ami  Gnathocorus  arc  represented  by  species  carried 
by  commerce  over  tlie  whole  globe.  The  type  of  Cynieus  is  Fla- 
tydcma  amjuxtum  Lee,  from  the  Colorado  Desert  of  California  ; 
it  resembles  in  appearance  and  sculpture  Alphitobim,  but  is  much 
less  convex,  being,  in  fact,  almost  flat.  Tharsus  is  founded  on  a 
sub-depressed,  elongate  species  of  dark  ferruginous  color  (■20  unc. 
long)  ;  the  thorax  is  almost  as  lung  as  wide,  strongly  punctured, 
with  the  sides  narrowly  but  strongly  margined  ;  tlio  slrice  of  the 
elytra  are  distinctly  punctured,  the  intervals  are  slightly  convex, 
and  finely  but  not  densely  punctulate  :  it  is  found  in  the  Southern 
States,  and  I  have  named  it  T.  f<editiosus ;  it  resembles  in  appear- 
ance Uloma  fcrruginca  Say,  but  is  smaller  and  narrower.  To 
Ulosonia  must  be  referred  Uloma  marginata  Lee,  from  the 
Colorado  Desert  of  California.  Xeatus  is  established  upon  He- 
lops  tenvhrioidcs  Beauv.  (Tenrbrio  badipes  Mels.),  a  common 
insect  of  the  Atlantic  States ;  the  middle  coxaj  are  almost  closely 
surrounded  by  the  sterna,  and  the  trochantin  is  obsolete,  as  in 
Uloma.  The  type  of  Aphanotus  is  Eulabis  brevicornis  Lee., 
from  California  ;  it  resembles  very  much  in  sculpture  Eulabis, 
but  differs  by  the  metasternum  being  long  and  the  body  winged. 

I  have  removed  from  tiiis  trilje  several  of  the  genera  placed  in 
it  by  Laeordaire,  as  they  dift'er  in  having  a  distinct  elypeus  be- 
tween the  epistoma  and  the  labrum. 


"■m 


■ii 


■■■M 


•> ::.  i 


234 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NOIITII  AMERICA. 


Tribe  VIII.— TRACIIYSCELIXI. 

Body  ovate,  convex,  winged  ;  head  received  in  the  thorax  as  far 
as  the  eyes ;  front  truncate,  not  dilated  at  the  sides ;  luhruni  i)ronii- 
ueut ;  eyes  cmarginate,  coarsely  granulated  ;  antennaj  short,  thick, 
11-jointed;  mentuni  small,  inserted  upon  a  gular  peduncle;  ligula 
prominent ;  maxilke  exposed  ;  pali)i  not  dilated  ;  gular  sutures 
confluent  along  the  medial  line ;  elytra  with  narrow  epii)leurie. 
Anterior  coxaj  transvei'se  ;  middle  coxie  with  distinct  trochantin  ; 
hind  coxa;  approximate  ;  intercoxal  process  of  abdomen  acute  ; 
logs  stout,  fossorial ;  tibial  spurs  distinct ;  tarsi  short,  spinous 
beneath. 

2'nichijscelis  Jiavipes  Mels.,  found  on  the  sea-shore  of  the 
Southern  States,  represents  this  tribe  in  our  fauna.  It  resembles 
in  appearance  a  small  vEgialia.  The  margin  of  the  body  and  the 
prosternum  are  clothed  with  long  hairs  ;  the  hind  tibiaj  are  broad 
and  thick,  and  densely  covered  externally  with  short  spines, 
arranged  without  order. 

Tribe  IX.— PHALERIIIVI. 

Body  oval  or  rounded,  usually  winged ;  head  received  in  the 
thorax  as  far  as  the  eyes;  front  somewhat  dilated  at  the  sides, 
covering  the  base  of  the  mandibles  ;  cpistoma  truncate,  separated 
from  the  prominent  lal)rum  by  a  short,  coriaceous  clypeus  ;  eyes 
transverse,  scarcely  enmrginate,  coarsely  granulated  ;  antenna) 
slightly  thickened  externally ;  mentum  small,  inserted  upon  a 
gular  peduncle  ;  ligula  and  maxilhe  exposed  ;  palpi  not  dilated  ; 
gular  sutures  diverging  ;  elytra  with  narrow  epipleune.  Anterior 
coxa3  transverse ;  middle  coxu)  with  distinct  trochantin  ;  hind 
coxa3  not  widely  separated  ;  intercoxal  process  triangular,  sub- 
truncate  ;  legs  stout;  anterior  tibiie  dilated;  tibial  spurs  distinct; 
tarsi  setose  beneath. 

The  species  of  Phaleria  are  found  on  the  sea-shore  on  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts. 


! 


Tribe  X.-CRYPTICIXI. 

Body  oval,  winged ;  head  received  in  the  thorax  as  far  as  the 
eyes,  which  are  transverse,  reniform,  small,  and  moderately  granu- 
lated ;  front  moderately  dilated  at  the  sides,  over  the  base  of  the 
mandibles,  truncate  anteriorly,  with  a  very  short  coriaceous  cly- 


TEXEHniONIDAE. 


:.>;j 


pens  visible  ;  anlcnnte  tolerably  long,  sleiuler,  outer  joints  romidid, 
very  slightly  tliielver ;  iiieiitum  small ;  gular  })eiluiiclc  disliiic  t ; 
ligula  prominent ;  palpi  with  the  last  joint  slightly  dilated.  Elyin'- 
with  moderate  epipleiiriu  occupying  the  whole  of  the  inllexed 
portion.  Prosternum  prolonged  Ijehind  ;  mesosternuni  concave  ; 
metastcrnum  moderately  long,  with  narrow  side  jiieces.  Anterior 
coxic  almost  rounded  ;  middle  coxa;  with  distinct  trochantin,  the 
epiniera  exceedingly  short ;  hind  coxie  not  widely  separated  ; 
tibia;  not  dilated  ;  spurs  di.stinct;  tarsi  with  small  spines  beneath; 
first  joint  of  hind  tarsi  very  long. 

This  tribe  is  represented  in  our  fauna  by  Cryptivuti  ohsulctua 
Say,  found  in  the  Atlantic  district. 

This  and  allied  foreign  genera  arc  i)laccd  by  Lacordaire  as  a 
group  of  Coniontini,  with  the  remark  that  it  should  constitute  niuro 
properly  a  distinct  tribe.  It  dillers  very  much  from  Coniontini. 
as  will  be  seen  by  the  characters  given  above,  and  still  more  by 
the  hind  margin  of  the  third  and  fourth  ventral  segments,  being 
very  distinctly  coriaceous. 


m 

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1 

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■4 

I 

V..i,-i 


i 


Tribe  XL— BOLETOPnAGIIVI. 

In  this  tribe  the  body  is  oblong  and  winged,  opaqno,  with  the 
surface  rough,  or  at  least  with  the  elytra  costatc  ;  head  received  in 
the  thorax  as  far  as  the  eyes ;  front  variable  ;  epistoma  sepa- 
rated from  the  labrum  J)y  a  short  clypeus ;  eyes  coarsely  granu- 
lated ;  nientum  inserted  upon  a  gular  peduncle  ;  ligula  promi- 
nent;  palpi  not  much  dilated;  head  under  the  eyes  with  a  large 
groove  for  the  reception  of  the  base  of  the  antennie  ;  elytra  wiih 
narrow  epipleurai.  Anterior  coxte  transverse;  middle  coxic  with 
a  small  distinct  trochantin;  hind  coxtc  separated;  intercoxiil 
process  triangular;  legs  moderate;  tiljial  spurs  snuill,  tarsi  jiu- 
besccnt  beneath  ;  the  first  joints  very  short,  equal ;  the  last  joint 
longer  than  the  others  united.  . 

I  would  divide  the  tribe  into  two  groups  according  to  the  form 

of  the  ei>istoma  and  eyes. 

Eyes  deeply  emarginated  ;  cpistoma  much  dilated.  Boi.ktopiiadi. 

Eyes  entire  ;  epistoma  not  dilated.  UmriDAsuiii, 

Group  I.— Boletophagl. 
In  this  group  the  front  is  prolonged  and  margined  anteriorly 
and  at  the  sides,  covering  the  mouth  above,  and  causing  the  eyes 


t' 


■J*f 


t^K 


I 


230 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NOHTII  AMEUICA. 


tu  bo  (looitly  oiimrginati'd  or  cvon    divided  ;    the   antenna?  arc 
gradually  tiiiekeiied  externally,  nut  dilVering  aoeording  to  sex. 

The  speeies  live  on  fungi,  wliieli  grow  upon  trees  or  under 
tlieir  bark.  Our  genera  arc  two,  both  having  the  sides  of  the 
thorax  broadly  flattened. 

Aiitfiiiiio  Iti-joiiited  ;  eyes  not  entirely  divided.  PiiF.i.i.inirs. 

Anteiiiiie  11-joiiiteil  ;  eyes  completely  divided.  lioi.Kriii'iiAuiis. 

No  species  of  this  group  is  yet  known  from  the  Paeific  district. 
The  type  and  oidy  species  of  IMiellidius  is  JlulctojihcKjus  curnufun 
Kabr.;  the  genus  is  indicated  but  not  named  by  Lacordaire, 
(Jien.  Cul.  V,  295.  Of  Boletophagus  two  species  arc  known  in 
our  fauim. 

Group  II.— Rhipldandrl. 

Of  this  group  bnt  a  single  sju'cics  is  known  to  mo,  lihipidnn- 
(JruaJhihcUicornix  Leo.  {X)ile(iuux  JUibcllivornix  Stiirni),  a  small, 
oval,  opa(|no  black  insect,  with  finely  ribbed  elytra  and  yellow 
legs  and  antenna; ;  it  is  found  throughout  the  Middle  and  Western 
States. 

The  front  is  not  dilated  cither  in  front  or  at  the  sides,  and  the 
base  of  the  mandibles  is  exposed  ;  the  eyes  are  rounded,  scarcely 
cmarginate.  The  antenniu  are  11-jointed  ;  gradually  thickened 
externally  in  the  female  with  the  middle  ])ortion  sub-serrate  ; 
strongly  pectinate  iu  the  male,  the  joints  5-11  being  much  pro- 
longed anteriorly,  the  5th,  however,  being  less  prolonged  than 
the  others. 


Tribe  XII.— DIAPERIXI. 

Body  oval  or  rounded,  winged  ;  head  received  in  the  thorax  as 
far  as  the  eyes,  which  are  transverse  and  coarsely  granulated  ; 
front  somewhat  dilated  at  the  sides,  covering  the  base  of  the  man- 
tlibles  ;  epistoma  truncate,  separated  from  the  labrum  by  a  short 
coriaceous  clypeus  ;  antenna;  more  or  less  thickened  externally, 
perfoliate  ;  mentum  small  ;  gular  peduncle  distinct ;  elytra  with 
narrow  epipleurte.  Anterior  coxa;  transverse ;  middle  coxa3  with 
distinct  trochautin  ;  legs  slender  ;  tibial  spurs  small ;  tarsi  pubes- 
cent beneath. 

Two  groups  are  thus  distinguished  : — 

Eyes  entire.  Pestapiiyij.i. 

Eyes  emarginr.ted  by  the  sides  of  the  front.  Diapeues. 


TENKimiONIKAE, 


23T 


I>lAPi;i,'ts. 

lIoi'LOCKl'liALA. 

ri.ATVDKMA. 
S(AI'lllli|:.MA. 


Group.  I.— PentaphylU. 

Eyes  entire,  not  eniurginated  l)y  tlie  si.les  of  tlie  front;  nn- 
lennii!  with  tiie  last  live  joints  abruptly  iar^a>r  llmu  tlio  pirrn'linj.-, 
forniinjjf  a  loose  cloiipato  clul). 

One  .s|)eeies  of  Pentapl.yllus  from  Pennsylvania  is  known  to 
me.  The  genus  is  distinguislied  by  the  eyes  being  roun.le.l,  not 
Irausvci'so. 

Group  ri.— DlapereB. 

The  transverse  eyes  are  deeply  ennirginuted  by  the  sides  of  the 
front,  and  the  antenuie,  however  iniieh  tiiiekcntMl  exlerna.'iy,  are 
not  terminated  by  a  elui)  composed  of  ai)rnpllv  larg.T  joints. 
Tiie  species  are  numerous  and  live  in  fungi,  either  those  of  ex- 
ternal growtii,  or  those  developed  under  bark. 
1st  joint  of  hind  tarsi  erinal  to  flu;  2(1. 
1st  joint  of  hind  tarsi  equal  to  2d  ami  3d. 
1st  joint  of  liiiiil  tarsi  longer  than  2d  and  lid; 

Interooxal  process  of  ahdonuMi  acuto. 

Intercoxal  process  of  abdomen  broad. 

These  genera  arc  all  represented  in  tlie  Atlantic  States  :  IMa- 
tydenia  is  the  only  one  thus  far  kn<.wn  in  the  I'aeilic  district. 
SvapJiidcma  Redt.  has  for  a  synonym  Nelilv>i  Lee. 

Tribe  XIII.— ADELIIVI.M. 

Body  of  varied  form;  head  received  in  the  thorax  as  fur  as 
the  eyes,  which  are  coarsely  granulated,  transverse,  and  eniarui- 
nate,  except  in  DiaMlus  ;  front  dilated  at  the  sides  over  tlie  base 
of  the  mandii)les,  separated  from  the  labrum  by  a  sul)-eoriaeeous 
clypeus;  antenme  thickened  externally;  mentum  small,  trape- 
zoidal; ligula  prominent.  Elytra  with  narrow  epipleural.  An- 
terior coxa)  nearly  rounded  ;  middle  coxie  without  tn.chantin, 
inclosed  by  the  sterna  ;  hind  coxixj  slightly  separated  ;  intercoxal 
process  triangular;  legs  moderate;  tibial  spurs  distinct;  tar.i 
pubescent  beneath;  the  first  joint  short  in  llypophhjuus  and 
Dicedus,  elongated  in  the  other  genera. 

I  have  placed  in  this  new  tril)e  a  few  genera  which  cannot  be 
associated  witli  Ulomiiu  on  account  of  the  distinct  clvpeus,  nor 
with  Diaperini  or  Ilelopini,  becau.se  of  the  absence  of  the  trochantin 
of  the  middle  coxiu.  The  form  of  body  is  very  different  in  tin;  dif- 
ferent genera  ;  thus,  Adelina  is  very  flat,  ahuJst  like  LuMnophleeus 


% 

AM 
'If 

m 

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,v| 


238 


COtEOPTEUA  OP  NOIITII  AMEHICA. 


of  tlic  Cucujidit';  IlypopliliciiH  is  sk'ndor  and  cyliiKlrical ;  Eiito- 
rliia  {Aninra\\  I>oj.)  rcseinbles  in  iippt'iiniiire  Uiuiiui,  lliuujrli 
stouter  and  nuire  convex,  and  has,  on  the  under  surfaee  ol'  tlie 
j»rotliorax,  the  peculiar  rugous  sculpture  seen  in  llelojjs. 

I'ygidium  not  covered  by  the  elytra;  antenna-  thick,  perfoliiite,  fpiipleuriv 

not  extending  to  the  tip  of  the  elytra.  llvi'oi'unui'iil. 

Pypidiuni  covered  Ijy  the  elytra  ;  antenna*  slender  ; 
Outer  joiiitH  of  antenniu  gradually  larger; 
Tiliial  spurs  ohsolete  ;  epipleurai  entire.  Pratecs. 

Tibial  spurs  distinct ; 

Kpiideura'  not  extending  to  the  tip  of  the  elytra.  Apelixa. 

Kpipleur.T  entire,  KrrociiiA. 

Last  two  joints  of  antonnio  suddenly  larger  ;  epipleurro  entire.     Dukdus. 

Adelina  is  represented  by  one  species,  A.  palliila  Ticc.  {Pytho 
pallida  Say),  from  the  Atlantic  district,  and  another,  ^1.  jtlana 
Lee,  from  the  Colorado  Desert.  The  latter  species  is  remark- 
able for  the  sides  of  the  front  of  the  male  being  dilated  into  an 
ufuite  angle,  under  which  is  seen  a  short  acute  horizontal  horn. 
The  other  genera  are  represented  only  in  the  Atlantic  States. 

In  Ealovhia  jticca  Lee.  {Aniara  j)ic(U  Meis.),  the  anterior 
tarsi  of  the  male  are  dilated,  and  the  anterior  tiljiie  are  curved 
inwards. 

The  type  of  Pratcns  is  a  small  brownish  insect,  P.  fuscuhn^ 
Lcc,  of  elongate  form  {\'i  unc.  long),  coarsely  but  not  densely 
punctured  ;  the  thorax  is  not  wider  than  long,  somewhat  rounded, 
and  finely  nuirgincd  on  the  sides,  moderately  convex,  not  nar- 
rower at  tip  than  at  base ;  the  elytra  are  two  and  a-lialf  times 
longer  than  the  thorax,  and  without  stria; ;  the  epiplcuru!  extend 
to  the  tip  of  the  elytra.  It  is  found  in  the  ^Middle  and  Southern 
States.  The  only  species  of  Dioedus  known  to  lue  is  a  small 
(•1()-*13  unc.  long)  oblong,  reddish-brown,  shining  insect,  with 
strongly  punctured  thorax,  and  deep  punctured  elytral  stria;, 
found  in  the  Atlantic  States  under  pine  bark.  It  resenildes  the 
European  genus  Phthora ;  but  has  oidy  the  last  two  instead  of 
three  joints  of  the  antenna;  large  ;  the  anterior  tibia;  are  slightly 
dilated  and  finely  toothed.  I  have  named  the  species  Diaadtis 
punctatus;  it  resembles  in  appearance  a  miniature  Uloma. 


Tribe  XIV.— IIELOPIXI. 

Body  generally  oblong,  sometimes  oval,  apterous  or  winged  ; 
bead  received  in  the  thorax  nearly  as  far  as  the  eves,  which  ar;; 


wr 


TENEniUOMDAE. 


2:J0 


H 


transvprso,  omnrgiimto,  nnd  coftrsoly  prnimlatcd  ;  front  diliitod 
nl  tliu  Hides,  covering  llio  base  ol'  the  numdiljles,  truncate  ante- 
riorly, separated  from  tlio  prominent  laltruni  )iy  u  short  coria- 
ceuus  clypeua;  anteniiu)  gradually  thiekencil  extcrinilly  ;  ineiituiu 
snuill,  trapezoidal,  anterior  portion  coriaceous;  ligula  prominent. 
Flanks  of  jjrothorax  separated  by  a  nmrgin  from  iho  back. 
Klylra  with  narrow  or  moderate  c|tipienra'.  Anterior  c<».\ai 
rounded;  miildlo  coxio  with  distinct  trochantin  ;  hind  co.xa^ 
sometimes  widely,  sometimes  narrowly  separated  ;  legs  tolerably 
long;  tibial  spurs  smaller  in  the  second  than  in  the  lirst  group  ; 
tarsi  jiubescent  beneath  ;  the  anterior  and  niiildic  ones  of  the 
male  usually  dilated. 

I  have  removed  from  this  tribe,  us  constituted  by  Lacordaire, 
the  genus  Apocrypha,  which  by  the  agglutination  of  the  dorsal 
and  lateral  pieces  of  the  j)rothora.\,  stems  well  entitled  to  be 
considered  as  a  distiin.'t  tribe.  The  remaining  genera  are  homo- 
geneous in  form  and  characters,  and  are  divisible  into  two  groups, 
the  first  of  which  is  allied  to  the  lilaptini,  but  differ  not  only  liy 
the  more  i»rominent  ligula,  but  by  the  small  coriaceous  clypeus, 
and  narrow  iidlexed  portion  of  the  elytra;  the  difference  in  the 
vesliture  of  tlie  tarsi  is  of  less  moment,  as  in  some  spe<Mes  the 
hairs  become  in  part  so  rigid  as  to  simulate  bristles  or  spines. 

Body  h.iiry  ;  outur  joints  of  anteniue  not  compressed.  .f^.MrniDoK.B. 

Body  glabroua  ;  outer  joints  of  anteunie  conijuesbud.  lli;Li)i'Es. 


Group  I.— Amphldorae. 

IJody  oblong,  rarely  almost  linear,  clothed  with  long  erect  hair, 
apterous;  raesosternum  short;  lund  coxie  widely  sejjarated  in 
Cratidus  and  Ami)hidora,  but  less  so  in  Slenotrichus;  outer  joints 
of  the  antennie  not  compressed  ;  tarsi  witii  the  pul)escence  i)e- 
iioath  very  coarse,  sometimes  almost  spinous.  The  epipleurie  are 
moderately  broad  and  do  not  extend  to  the  tip  of  the  elytra. 

Outer  joints  of  antennro  subglobose  ; 

First  joint  of  hind  tarsi  a  little  longer  than  Iho  2d.  CiiATirrs. 

First  joint  of  liiiid  tarsi  as  long  as  the  21  and  lid.  Amimiidoka. 

Outer  joints  of  antenus  siibtriaugular  ;  1st  joint  of  hind  tarsi  long. 

SrE.Nccriiirnus. 

These  genera  are  known  only  from  California  ;  Cratidus  is 
founded  upon  Ampliidora  o>!ciihi))ft  Lee.  ;  in  it  tiie  anterior  tarsi 
of  the  male  are  not  dilated,  but  the  hind  tibiu3  are  armed  with  an 


i 


210 


COLEOI'TERA  OP  NOllTII  AMKIUrA. 


iiouto  tnolli  Oil  tho  iiiiiur  fiicu  near  tlio  ti[).  Of  Ainphidonv  two 
KpoL'U's  lire  known  to  uio  :  A.  in'ijnijiiliiHfi  Lcc,  nnd  A.  Ulturulix 
Esch.  The  typo  of  Stenotrii'lius  is  .1.  .''  mjiiir,^  Lit.,  and  to  tlio 
KUino  genns  probably  may  bo  roforri'il  J.  atlviiuata  Lee. 

These  species  arc  all  fonnd  on  tiiu  surface  of  the  gi'ound,  but 
A.  lithrulis  frc'ciuuutly  occurs  also  under  burk. 

Oroui)  H-— Helopes. 

Body  convex,  oblong  or  elonj;iite,  rarely  oval,  nplcrons,  or 
winj^ed  ;  ni)per  surface  glabrous  ;  niesosternuni  short,  or  nioderato 
in  length  ;  hind  coxa)  narrowly  separated  ;  intercoxal  process 
triangidar,  ol)tnsc  at  tip ;  outer  joints  of  the  antoniuv  sublriangular, 
compressed.  Front  and  midillo  tarsi  of  the  male  dilated  ;  j)ubes- 
conce  of  the  under  surface  of  tho  tarsi  line.  The  epiplouru)  are 
narrow,  and  do  not  extend  to  the  tip  of  the  elytra. 

Our  species  are  numerous,  nnd  some  are  found  in  each  district. 
They  are  generally  of  u  dark,  nielallic  color,  with  much  lustre  ; 
all  are  to  be  referred  to  tho  genus  llelops,  and  in  several  of  them 
the  Hanks  of  the  prothorux  are  sculptured  with  deep  lines. 


Tribe  XV.— IWEHACAXTIIIXI. 

Body  ovate,  convex,  ai)terous;  head  received  in  the  tliorax 
nearly  to  the  eyes,  which  are  transverse,  large,  enuvrginate,  and 
somewhat  coarsely  granulated  ;  mouth  ^oniewhat  (luadranguhirly 
prolonged  ;  front  separated  from  the  labrum  by  a  coriaceous 
clypcHH ;  sides  dilated  over  the  insertion  of  the  antennie,  and 
obliquely  elevated,  elevation  not  extending  to  the  anterior  margin 
of  the  front  (as  it  does  in  all  the  preceding  tribes)  ;  mentuni  tra- 
pezoidal;  ligida  prominent;  last  joint  of  palpi  strongly  securi- 
form; antcniue  long  and  slender,  outer  joints  very  slightly  thicker; 
epipleurie  narrow,  not  extending  to  the  tip  of  the  elytra  ;  meta- 
stcrnum  short ;  anterior  coxaj  rounded;  nuddle  coxse  with  dis- 
tinct trochautin  ;  hind  coxii;  widely  separated  ;  anterior  thighs 
armed  with  an  obtuse  tooth,  less  prominent  in  the  female  ;  tibial 
spurs  small ;  tarsi  pubescent  beneath. 

This  and  the  next  tribe  ditl'er  from  all  the  others  represented 
in  our  fauna  by  a  peculiarity  first  pointed  out  by  Lacorihiiro,  and 
which  led  him  to  name  the  division  of  tho  family,  to  which  they 
api)ertain,  Otidofjcnes.  In  all  the  tribes  above  described  the  sides 
of  the  front,  above  the  insertion  of  the  anteunio,  are  horizontal, 


AEllIAMTIPAE.  i»  1 1 

and  tlio  lateral  niarf,'ln  cxtciids  to  tlio  uiitorior  nmrfriii ;  in  this 
and  the  next  triltc  tlii'  lateral  inar^nn  js  <<li'vati'd  into  an  ol)li(|iii> 
ridgf,  wliicli  IjL'coinen  obsuli'lc  bel'ore  attaining  llie  anterior  margin 
of  tlio  front. 

The  present  tril)o  hns  hut  one  representative  in  the  Atlantic 
district,  Mrritianlha  conli'diln,  found  under  hark;  it  has  received 
niunj'  names,  hut  the  oldest  is  that  of  J/ilopH  confradiin  IJeauv. 

Tiilm  XVI.-fiiTllO\4;YMI\l. 

« 

Uody  elongate,  winged  ;  liciid  not  receiveil  in  the  thornx  ns  far 
as  the  eyes,  which  arc  large,  transverse,  emarginate,  ami  somewhat 
coarsely  granulated  ;  mouth  broadly  hut  slightly  i)rolonged  ;  front 
tieparateil  from  the  hdirum  hy  a  eoriaeeijus  clypeus;  sides  dilated 
over  the  insertion  of  the  antenme,  and  ol)li»iuely  elevated,  eleva- 
tion not  extending  to  the  anterior  margin  of  the  front;  meiitum 
trapezoidal ;  ligula  prominent ;  last  joint  of  palpi  strongly  secu- 
riform ;  antennte  long  and  slender,  outer  joints  very  slightly 
thicker.  Kpi])leune  imrrow,  extending  to  the  tip  of  the  elytra  ; 
uietasternum  long;  anterior  eoxic  rounded;  middle  coxie  with 
distinct  trochantin  ;  hind  coxas  narrowly  separated  ;  legs  long  ; 
tibial  spurs  very  small ;  tarsi  i)ul)escent  beneath. 

]5ut  one  genus,  Strongylium,  is  rei)reseiited  by  three  species 
found  under  bark  in  the  Atlantic  district;  two  of  them  dill'cr- 
ing  somewhat  in  the  form  of  the  thorax  are  described  by  Say; 
8.  tenuirolle  Lac.  {llt'h)j)ii  ten.  Say)  has  the  thorax  subcylindrical, 
and  as  long  as  wide;  »S'.  liTDiiixilimi  Lac.  ('Ti-nchrio  Icrniinalus 
Say)  has  the  thorax  somewhat  luirrowed  iu  front,  and  wider  at 
the  base  than  its  length.  Iu  both  species  the  last  joint  of  the 
autcnnie  is  pale  yellow.  |'| 


Fam.  xlviil— aegialitidae. 


■f 


if 
''4. 


li', 


m 


Mcntum  very  transverse,  trapezoidal,  narrower  in  frojit. 
supported  on  a  very  short  and  broad  fi'ular  process;  iJLiula  |if" 

broad,    prominent;    hibial    palpi    widely    soi)anited,   sliort, 
8-jointe(l. 

Maxilla)  (lobes  not  seen),  base  prominent;   palpi   short,  |i!' 

4-jointc(l,  scarcely  dilated.  U 

Head  prominent,  not  constricted  behind,  received  into  the 
tboru.K  not  as  far  as  the  eyes,  which  arc  small,  convex,  rounded, 
IG 


242 


COLEOPTKRA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ami  coarsoly  pranulMtcd  ;  cIjihuis  sliort,  distinct;  labrum 
])roiuiiicut;  muudiblcs  t^liurt  [not.  distinctly  soon). 

Antenmo  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  11 -jointed,  last 
tlircc  joints  one-hall'  larger  than  the  ))rcceding  ones,  inserted 
nnder  very  small  oblique  irontal  ridiL:;es. 

Prothorax  snbcylindrical,  latend  suture  obliterated;  euxal 
eavitics  entirely  closed  behind,  and  widely  separateib 

Mesosternurn  nioderately  long;  coxal  cavities  (apparently) 
siirroundeil  by  the  sterna,  side  })ieces  not  seen. 

Metasternnui  very  short,  side  pieces  not  very  wide. 

Elytra  separate,  broadly  rounded  at  tip  covering  the  ab- 
domen;  epiplein';e  extremely  narrow,  wings  wanting, 

Abdonien  with  six  ventral  segments;  tin;  lirst  and  second 
connate,  the  fifth  truncate  at  tip,  and  united  by  suture  to  the 
sixth. 

Legs  long:  anterior  coxai  globo,sc,  prominent,  widely 
separated,  ■without  trotdiantin ;  middle  ones  very  widely 
separiited,  rounded,  without  trochantin ;  hind  oties  very 
widely  s(!p;irateil,  oval;  tibiae  slender,  with  very  small  spurs; 
anterior  and  middle  tarsi  o-jointed,  bind  ones  4-jointed  ;  all 
the  joints  short  and  equul,  ])ube.seent  beneath,  except  the 
last,  which  is  very  long  and  stout,  with  large,  simjile  claws. 

The  characters  ahovc  detailed  are  al)inuhii;!ly  sunicioiit  to 
separate  as  a  distinct  iaiiiily  the  single  species,  Acgialih's  debilis 
Mann.,  from  Russian  America,  uj>oii  wliich  u  is  founded. 

The  insect  is  of  small  size,  ami  of  black  color,  with  the  elytra 
gradually  widened  from  the  tiu)ra.\,  and  impressed  with  punctured 
striic,  gradually  becoming  ett'aced  towards  the  sides. 

Regarding  the  aniinties  of  this  genus  variou.s  opinions  have 
been  entertained,  ^bunierheira  hesitateil  between  S"y(bna'nidi.e 
and  Tencb"ionida! ;  Molselndsky,  on  account  of  the  form  of  the 
tarsi,  placed  it  among  the  J'arnidai ;  (Jerstaecker  placed  it  in 
Tcnebrionida)  near  Ilelops.  It  is  of  such  extreme  rarity  as  to 
have  been  seen  by  but  few  entomologists.  For  a  specimen  of  it 
1  am  indebted  to  Col.  Motschulaky. 


Fak.  XLIX— CTSTELfDAE. 

M'.ntum  ?Tnal],  trapezoidal,  wider  in  i'ront;  ligula  exjiosed  ; 
p.-^ .•.aghb.riiu  distinct;  labial  palpi  3-joiuted;  gular  peduncle 
aistiuct. 


If 


T-^ 


nSTflT.lPAE. 


2-)?. 


M.'ixilljo  with  two  nat*^<^,T)e(l,  ciliatc  loLoi':  palpi  -i-jointed, 
ircrpuiiitly  \ow/^  and  much  dilated. 

Head  fiiiddeuly  but  only  iiiudcratcly  iiaiTuwcd  lK;liind  the; 
eyes;  ucck  tliick,  received  by  tlic  jirotliorax;  niouili  uiude- 
rately  prolonged;  eye.s  not  liiiely  granulated,  usually  large, 
Irau.iverse,  and  eniargiiiate ;  anterior  ])art  oi'  I'ront  suheoria- 
cestus;  elypeu.s  not  distinct  (exce()t  in  Steiioeliidus,  where  the 
front  is  corneous;  and  the  clypeus  souieuhat  distinct );  labrum 
proniinijnt;  mandibles  vshort. 

Antenna)  11-joiiited,  long,  more  or  less  serrate,  soim^times 
nearly  lililbrm,  inserteil  under  small  oblique  I'rontai  ridges, 
which  do  not  reach  the  anterior  inai'giu  ol' the  Iront,  and  are 
usually  almo.it  ol>soleto. 

Prcithorax  with  epiniera  and  epistcrna  not  distinct,  lateral 
margin  obvi^jus  in  our  genera;  anterior  coxal  cavitii;.s  closed 
behind,  somctirn(>s  connuent. 

Mesostcrnuni  short,  side,  jiieces  attaining  the  coxal  cavities. 

Metasternum  long  in  our  giMiera;  epistcrna  narrow. 

Elytra  rounded  at  tijt ;  epi}>leuru;  narrow;  wir.gs  perfect 
iu  our  genera. 

Abdomen  witli  five  or  sometimes  six  ventral  segments,  of 
V  liicli  the  lirst  three  are  more  closely  coimecteil,  though  not 
connate;  the  hind  margin  of  the  thinl  and  Iburth  is  coria- 
ceous;  intercoxal  process  acute  in  our  genera. 

Legs  generally  long;  aiitericM-  eoxic  varying  from  globo.se 
and  subtransverse  to  conical;  middle  coxa;  with  distinct 
trochantin;  hind  coxa;  transver.se,  not  widely  separate'd  in 
our  genera  :  tibial  spurs  distinct;  tarsi  usually  lobeil  beneath, 
anterior  and  middle  ones  o-j^inted,  Innd  tar.->i-i  jointed;  claws 
always  distinctly  jtectiuate. 

The  species  of  this  family  approach  very  ii'\arly  in  orgaidzation 
to  the  last  U'ibos,  or  laost  degraded  forms  of  Tcnchrioiiid;!! ;  and 
the  degradation  of  structure  is  carried  still  furtlicr  by  the  anterior 
c'jxte  bucuniiig  conical,  proniinent,  <ind  contiguous  in  e(>rtiiin 
poncra.  The  oidy  cliaracters  to  ho  rehed  on  for  the  is()iiith)n  of 
this  family  are — 1st,  the  peetinale  claws;  2d,  the  anterior  coxal 
cavities  closed  behind. 

Some  of  tiio  species  live  on  leaves  and  flowers,  others  are  found 
under  bark. 

Two  tribes  exist  in  this  family,  but  one  of  which  is  I'epn  sented 
in  our  fauiui ;  groups  of  genera  .seem  to  be  indicated,  but  the 
characters,  when  illustrated  by  foreign  genera,  appear  to  be  very 


lyM 


144 


COliKOPTEUA  OF  NORTri  AMKUTrA. 


iiuk'rniitc.     1  .sl'iill  tlicnToiT  {jivo  simply  a  synoptic  liiblu  of  our 
goiicra  without  attcMii)liug  further  dl  ision. 

FroiLl  ciitii't'ly  coiiicoiis  ;  Stenociiidcs.* 

PiMiit  with  tho  anterior  margin  snlicoriacemis  ; 

Mandililes  cmarginatc*  at  tip;  sixth  viMitra!  segment  invisible; 
Anterior  cox.'e  si'i)arate(l  liy  prosteruum ; 

Tarsi  witli  distinct  lolies.  Ai.i.ErtJi,A. 

Tarsi  witli  ohsolete  lohes  ; 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  pal|n  longer  than  wide.  Cibtela. 

I-ast  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  transverse.  Ftiomatoma. 

Anterior  cox;e  contiguons,  cavities  conlhient.  MvrKTocuAUKS. 

Mandibles  eniargin-vlo  at  tip  ;    sixth  ventral  segment  visible  (tarsi  not 

lobed)  ; 

Second  and  third  joints  of  antennae  eijual,  very  small.    Chkomatia. 


Third  joint  of  antennie  IcmKer  than  tlie  second. 


Capnochkoa. 

AnDRO<  H1UCJ8. 


Mandibles  witli  tlie  tip  entire. 

To  StonochidusbcloiiG:  Hlonnchia  granlif  Loc.  and  Pr'inrt'/rhvK 
ri/anr^ceni^  liOC,  from  California.  Tlio  species  of  Allccula  and 
Cistela  arc  numerous,  and  tlie  majority  are  nndescribed ;  (^istela 
is  found  on  both  sides  of  the  continent.  Of  Stiji^matoma  J  liave 
tiirce  species;  all  are  shininsj^  black  with  red  humerul  spots.  The 
only  one  described  is  Ciffcla  fnilcriia  Say.  Of  ISlyceK^eliarcs  I 
have  four  species,  of  which  Hi  binolnta  Say  is  the  only  one  de- 
scril>ed.  Chromatia  is  founded  upon  Ciitlcia  aviocna  Say,  a 
species  with  stron<?ly  serrate  antenna;,  which  differs  from  Cistela 
not  only  by  the  third  joint  of  the  antenna;  being  very  small,  but 
by  the  si.xtli  ventral  segment  being  prominent  and  deeply  exca- 
vated in  the  male.  Capnochroa  is  established  on  Cidvla  fuligi- 
noi^a  Mels.,  a  large  species  whicli,  with  all  the  other  characters 
of  Cistela,  differs  by  the  sixtii  ventral  segment  being  visible  in 
both  sexes,  and  in  the  male  very  deejily  excavated,  so  as  to  form 
two  tlattene;!,  curved  jtrocesses.      The  eyes  arc  large. 

The  type  of  Androcliirus  is  C/t^tcla  /'iti«ipex  JNlels.,  found  in 
the  Middle  States  ;  it  is  a  large  si)ccics  with  yellow  legs,  and  tho 

*  This  genn';  has  the  thorax  narrnwer  than  the  elytra,  and  thns  approaches 
in  form  the  Australian  genus  Atractns.  The  niandil)U'S  are  truncate  :  at  the 
base  (if  the  labruni  is  an  ohsolete  clyjieus  ;  tho  last  joint  of  the  much  elon- 
gated maxillary  palpi  is  large  and  securiform  ;  the  anterior  coxa'  are  small 
and  globular;  the  interccxal  process  of  the  abdomen  is  narrow;  the  thini 
and  fourth  joints  of  the  front  and  middle  tarsi,  but  only  the  third  joint  of 
the  liir,d  tarsi,  are  lobed  beneath.  This  genus,  l)y  the  form  of  the  front 
and  of  the  anterior  coxm,  indi(!ates  a  se]>arate  group;  the  species  are  of  a 
dark,  aubmutaU'c  color,  and  entirely  glabrous. 


Fam.  L.— T.AGIIIIDAE. 


WW 

i 


s :' 


LAonimAE. 


245 


hind  angles  of  the  thoni  \'  prolonged  backwards,  tlic  sixth  vontnil 
scjrnient  is  visihio  in  IjdIIi  sexes,  luid  in  tiie  mule  is  very  deeply 
excavated,  so  us  to  form  two  long,  (lultoned,  curved  processes  ; 
tiie  lifth  segment  is  ennirginute  in  the  same  sex  ;  the  joints  1 — 4  of 
the  anterior  tarsi  of  the  nnile  are  moderately  dilated,  and  the  lifth 
is  elongated,  fluttein.'d,  and  twisted,  so  as  to  he  much  defornKu], 
with  the  claws  larger  than  the  fennile.  The  mandihies  are  not 
truncate  or  emarginalo  at  tip,  and  the  tar.si  are  not  at  all  liil)e(l, 
A  second  species  (-38 — "41  unc.  long),  from  the  Southern  Slates, 
only  diifers  from  A.  J'li.-n'iprn  hy  die  thorax  heing  less  sinuate  at 
hasc,  with  the  hind  angles  scarcely  prolonged.  I  have  named  it 
A.  lulcipes. 


•N      ' 


Mentum  transvc^rsc,  trapezoidal,  wider  in  front,  supported 
on  a  distinct  gidar  jirocess  ;  ligula  proniiuont ;  j)a!pi  o-JtMutcd. 

MaxiiUu  with  two  flattened,  ciliated  lobes;  ])alpi  4-jointt_Ml, 
moderate  in  size. 

Head  prominent,  horizontal,  insortcd  into  the  thorax,  more 
or  less  constricted  behind  the  eyes,  which  are  ti'aii-vi'i'se. 
emarginate,  and  n(jt  linely  granulated ;  clypeus  subcoiia- 
eeous;  labrum  prominent;  mandibles  short. 

Antenuio  11-joiuted,  nearly  filiform,  inserted  under  very 
small  oblique  frontal  ridges. 

Prothorax  narrower  than  the  base  of  the  elytra,  subcylin- 
drical,  with  the  lateral  suture  obliterated ;  anterior  coxal 
cavities  closed  behind,  and  nearly  confluent. 

Mesoriternum  moderately  long,  side  pieces  attaining  the 
coxal  cavities ;  metasternum  long,  side  pieces  narrow ;  epi- 
mera  not  visible. 

Elytra  rounded  at  tip,  covering  the  abdomen;  epipleunc 
narrow ;  wings  perfect. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  the  anterior 
four  of  which  appear  to  be  more  closel_y  connected;  fiith 
rounded  at  tip,  sixth  sometimes  visible. 

Legs  slender ;  anterior  coxjg  conical,  prominent,  without 
trochantiu,  separated  by  a  very  narrow  prosternum;  middle 
coxie  separated,  with  distinct  trochantin;  hind  coxie  trans- 
verse; tibial  spurs  obsolete;  front  and  middle  tarsi  5-jointed; 
kind  tarsi  -i-jointed,  with  the  i^rst  j(jint  long;  the  })enultimate 
joint  of  all  the  tarsi  (except  in  one  foreign  geausj  is  dilated, 


'hi 


•■ '  i.l  i 


1     'a 

"4 


246 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


eniarginatc,  and  clotbed  beneath  with  a  dense  brush  of  hairs ; 
claws  simple. 

This  family  is  represented  in  our  fauna  by  three  species  from 
the  Atlantic  States  ;  they  are  found  under  bark  and  on  leaves  ; 
they  belong  to  a  tribe,  Statyrini,  to  be  distinguished  from  the 
genuine  Lagriini  by  the  sixth  ventral  segment  being  visible,  and 
the  last  joint  of  the  antennas  elongated.  Two  genera  are  indi- 
cated : — 

Head  scarcely  constricted  heliind  (olytra  not  striate).  Artiiromacra. 

Head  strongly  constricted  behind  (elytra  striate).  Statyra. 

To  Arthromacra  belongs  only  Lagria  eenea  Say  {Arlhrom. 
dnnacioideH  Kirby). 

There  is  absolutely  nothing  in  tlie  preceding  formula  which 
can  be  relied  on  as  distinguii/ning  this  family  from  the  Teiiebrio- 
nida),  except  the  prominent  anterior  (;oxa3,  and  the  dilated  penul- 
timate joint  of  the  tarsi ;  the  larva;  are  nevertheless  very  dilferent, 
and  it  is  chiefly  owing  to  a  knowledge  of  that  fact  that  the  two 
famines  are  retained  as  distinct. 


Fam.  IJ.— M O  N O  M  M I  d a  e . 

Mentum  moderate  in  size,  somewhat  rounded,  supported 
by  a  broad  gular  process;  gular  fissures  narrow;  ligula  cor- 
neous, somewhat  prominent  behind  the  mentum;  labial  palpi 
8 -jointed. 

Maxilla?  with  two  flattened  ciliated  lobes ;  palpi  4-jointed, 
last  joint  truncate. 

Uead  horizontal,  prominent,  received  in  the  thorax  as  far 
as  the  eyes,  which  are  large,  transverse,  and  strongly  granu- 
lated;  front  flat,  rounded  anteriorly;  labruin  short,  scared v 
prominent ;  mandibles  short,  einarginate  at  tip. 

Antenna)  inserted  under  the  frontal  margin,  received  in 
grooves  on  the  under  surface  of  the  prothorax,  11-jointcd; 
last  three  joints  larger,  fornung  an  oval  flattened  club. 

Prothorax  gradually  narrowed  from  base  to  tip,  as  wide 
at  base  as  the  olytra;  lateral  suture  distinct;  flanks  with  a 
deep  curved  groove  from  the  front  to  tlic  hind  angle  for  the 
reception  of  the  antennte ;  prosternum  broad,  rounded  be- 
hind, fitting  closely  to  the  mesostei'num  ;  coxal  cavities  Very 
small,  closed  behind  by  the  mesosternum.  , 

Mesosternum  broail,  side  pieces  not  extending  to  the  cuxal 


.:u 


MELANDnVIDAE. 


i>n 


cavities;  mctasteruum  large;  side  pieces  narrow;  epimera 
vi.siblo. 

Elytra  rounded  beliind,  covering  tlie  abdomen ;  epipleuru) 
not  very  wide,  extending  to  the  apex. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  segments ;  tlie  first  elongated,  tlie 
citli  marked  with  a  curved  submarginal  furrow  in  our  genus. 

Legs  moderate,  strongly  contractile ;  anterior  coxa^  dis- 
tant, scarcely  visible,  rounded;  middle  aoxm  flat,  widelv 
separated;  hind  ones  flat,  transverse,  widely  separated;  middle 
thighs  suddenly  contracted  at  the  base;  tibi;e  slender,  com- 
pressed ;  tarsi  not  dilated,  slightly  pubescent  beneath ;  ante- 
rior and  middle  ones  il-jointed,  hind  ones -i-jointed ;  claws 
smaJl,  simple ;  fiivst  joint  of  hind  tarsi  long. 

Tins  family  consists  of  small,  black,  oval  flattened  insects,  re- 
sembling in  appearance  Triplax  of  the  Erutylida\  It  ai)i)ears 
to  constitute  a  very  distinct  type,  without  well-niarked  affinities 
with  any  other  family.  It  contains  but  two  g-enera  :  Alonomma 
confined  to  the  Eastern,  Ilyporhagus  to  the  Western  Continent. 
Of  the  latter  genus  one  species  is  found  in  the  Atlantic,  and  a 
second  in  the  Pacific  district.  lioth  are  described  by  Mr,  Thom- 
son in  his  beautiful  monograph  (Aunales  de  la  Societo  Eutum. 
de  France,  18C0). 


i 


m 


Fam.  LII.—MELANDHYIDAE. 

Men  turn  transverse,  trapezoidal,  generally  mirrower  in 
front,  sui)ported  on  a  large  gular  process ;  ligula  prominent ; 
labial  palpi  3-jointed. 

Maxilho  with  two  flattened  ciliate  lobes ;  palj)i  4-jointed. 
frequently  very  long  and  much  dilated. 

Head  usually  d<!tlexcd,  generally  not  constricted  behind  ; 
received  into  the  thorax  not  as  far  as  the  eyes;  suddenly 
constricted  behind  in  Scraptia;  eyes  emarginate  or  entire, 
and  not  finely  granulated :  clypeus  of'ti^n  svd)coriaceous ;  la- 
brum  prominent ;  mandibles  short. 

AntenntG  11-jointed  in  our  gener:  (10-joint<(l  in  the  for- 
eign genus  C(mopalpus);  generally  filiform;  sometimes 
tiiicker  externally,  inserted  under  very  small  oblique  frontal 
ridges. 

Prothorax  as  wide  behind  as  the  base  of  the  elytra  ('except 
in  Stenotrachelus),  with  the  lateral  suture  always  distinct; 
a,uterior  coxal  cavities  open  behind,  frequently  eonlluent. 


■Hlf 


248 


CCILEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Mesosternum  moderately  long,  side  pieces  attaining  the 
coxal  cavities ;  nietusternuni  long,  aide  ^'ieces  narrow ;  cpi- 
mera  visible. 

Elytra  nninded  at  tip,  covering  the  abdomen ;  cpiplcuraa 
narrow ;  wings  i)ertect. 

Abdomen  with  live  free  ventral  segments,  the  anterior  two 
sometimes  more  closely  connected ;  iutercoxal  process  small. 

Legs  moderate  or  long,  slender ;  anteri(jr  coxuj  large  and 
oval  when  separated,  conical  and  prominent  when  contigu- 
ous, sometimes  with  trochantiu;  middle  coxa)  with  distinct 
trochantin,  sometiiuos  nearly  contiguous ;  hind  coxie  trans- 
verse, contiguous,  or  nearly  so;  tibial  .'^purs  distinct;  front 
and  middle  tarsi  o-joiuted,  hind  tarsi  4-jointed ;  the  peiiul- 
tinuite  joint  fre<|uently  emarginate;  claws  simple  (except  in 
Nothus  and  Stc  '.lotrachelus). 

This  family  contains  a  moderate  lumibcr  of  species  found  under 
bark,  or  in  fungi.  The  form  is  generally  elongate,  and  the  thorax 
is  often  marked  with  two  basal  impressions;  the  first  joint  of  the 
hind  tarsi  is  always  nuu;h  elongated. 

Four  tribes  are  se:  ;..'ated  thus  : — 


Head  not  const ricteil  behiinl ; 
AnteiiiKL'  with  the  last  four  joints  suddenly  large 
Antennie  graduiilly  thickenod  or  liliforni ; 
Claws  siuiple,  or  rarely  dilated  at  hase. 
Claws  cleft  to  the  base. 
Head  constricted  behind  into  a  small  neck. 


Tetratomini. 

Mf.landuyi.ni. 

Stesotuai'hemni. 

sckai'tuni. 


Tribe  I.— TETRATOMIIVI. 

This  tribe  is  constituted  of  but  a  single  genus  Tctratoma,  of 
which  two  species  are  found  in  the  Atlantic  States  in  fungi ;  they 
are  oval  and  convex ;  the  palpi  are  sliort,  not  much  dilated  ;  the 
antennae  are  ll-jointed,  with  the  last  four  joints  equal  in  size,  and 
each  is  about  three  times  as  long  as  any  of  the  preceding  ones  ; 
the  tibial  spurs  are  small,  and  the  claws  are  simple  ;  the  coxte 
are  not  contiguous  but  separated  by  their  respective  sterna. 


Tribe  II.— JWELAXDRiriNI. 

The  outer  joints  of  the  antennie  are  not  suddenly  larger,  and 
the  claws,  except  m  Nothus,  are  simple  ;  according  to  the  posi- 
tion of  the  coxa3  the  followhig  groups  may  be  established,  iu  all 
of  which  the  antenna^  are  11 -jointed  : 


"wr 


MKLANDUVIDAE. 


249 


Anterior  coxiP  oval,  separated  by  tho  piosteruum  ; 
Head  Iiorizontal ; 

3il  joint  of  anteiiiife  longer  tlian  the  -Ith. 

3d  joint  of  uiUeuiiie  ei^uai  to  tliu  4tli. 
Head  vertical. 
Anterior  coxie  uontiguous ; 
Claws  simple  ; 

Frontal  suture  not  visible. 

Frontal  suture  distinct. 
ClawB  broadly  dilated  aud  toothed  at  the  base. 


Pknthes. 

Sv.NlllllO^. 

Uiiciiiisi^. 


Serropalpi. 

MliLANDKYvB. 
NoTUI. 


f      ' 


Group  I.— Penthes. 

I  have  placet!  as  a  separate  group  tlie  {,^einis  Peiitlic,  represented 
by  two  velvety  black,  flattened,  oval  spe(;ies,  found  under  bark 
in  the  Atlantic  States  ;  the  more  common  one,  P.  obliijuata,  is 
readily  known  by  the  scutellum  covered  with  orange-colored  hair. 

These  insects  resemi)le  in  appearance  gigantic  Myeetojihagi, 
and  have  been  classed  by  previous  autiiors  among  the  Tenebri- 
onida) ;  the  anterior  coxal  cavities  are  widely  open  behind. 

The  antcnmc  are  not  thickened  externally  ;  the  JJd  joint  is  as 
long  as  the  4th  and  5th  together;  the  7-10  are  rounded,  the  11th 
is  a  little  longer,  ami  is  pale  at  the  tip  ;  in  the  male  tlie  joints 
4-7  are  compressed  and  broader  than  tlie  others  ;  tlie  maxillary 
palpi  are  moderate  in  length,  and  but  slightly  dilated  ;  the  ante- 
rior coxa)  are  oval  and  separated  by  the  prosternuni ;  tlie  middle 
coxa;  are  etpially  distant,  and  the  hind  coxic  are  less  distant ;  the 
tarsi  are  tiliform,  the  penultimate  joint  not  being  lobed  ;  the 
claws  are  simple  ;  the  tibial  spurs  are  short. 

Group  II.— Synchroae. 
This  group  contains  but  a  single  species,  Synchroa  punctata 
Newman  (Mdandn/a  umbrina  Mels.),  from  the  Atlantic  States. 
The  form  is  elongate,  like  an  p]lateride  of  the  genus  ]\Ielanotus, 
coarsely  punctured  and  pubescent ;  the  head  is  prominent  and 
horizontal  ;  the  maxillary  palpi  are  moderate  in  length,  and  but 
slightly  dilated  ;  the  antenna;  are  long,  slender,  and  feebly  serrate, 
and  the  third  joint  is  not  longer  than  the  four'di  ;  the  anterior 
coxa;  are  oval  and  separated  by  the  prosternnm,  v;hieh  is  also 
slightly  prolonged  ;  the  middle  coxa^  arc  cfpially  separated  ;  the 
hind  coxic  are  less  distant ;  the  tarsi  are  filiform,  and  the  claws 
simple  ;  the  tibial  spurs  are  long. 


m 


Wliiifl 

lii 
iPif 


m 


.'■ .  "1.1 


ii 

f ' " 

It'- 


Ii: 


':^ 


2f.O 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Group  III.— Orcheslae. 
Head  vortioally  deflexed  ;  aiitoiinu!  gnuluiilly  tliickonod  exter- 
nally, ll-joiiited,  third  jcMiit  not  euiisplcuously  eluiigatuLl  ;  iiiaxii- 
iary  palpi  with  the  last  juiiit  more  or  less  dilated  ;  anterior  coxiu 
oval,  separated  by  the  prosternum;  middle  coxaj  separated;  hind 
coxai  contiguous,  Hat,  variable  in  form,  obli(|ue  in  llallouienus, 
not  obliijue  in  the  other  genera;  spurs  of  middle  and  hind  tibite 
varial)le  in  size,  but  very  large  and  serrate  in  Orchesia  ;  tarsi 
fdiform  ;  claws  simple. 

Hind  coxsB  small ;  tibial  spurs  long,  simple.  Eustrophcs. 

Hind  coxic  larjJte  ;  tibial  spurs  soriato.  OuriinsiA. 

Hind  coxtc  oblitiue  ;  tibial  spurs  simple.  Hallomenus. 

One  species  of  Eustrophus  was  found  by  me  at  the  Colorado 
and  Gila  Rivers  of  California,  and  one  of  Hallomenus  is  known 
from  Russian  America ;  the  other  species  arc  fouud  in  the 
Atlantic  States. 


Group  IV.— Serropalpl. 

Head  more  or  less  inclined,  sometimes  vertical ;  frontal  suture 
not  distinct ;  antenna;  variable,  third  joint  not  consj)icuously 
elongated  ;  maxillary  palpi  variable,  sometimes  very  long,  with 
the  third  and  fourth  joints  dilated  internally,  and  the  fourth  large 
and  securiform  (in  which  case  they  are  called  serrifoi'vi)  ;  ante- 
rior coxoe  conical,  contiguous,  without  trochantin,  except  in 
Xylita,  where  the  trochantin  is  indistinct ;  middle  coxa;  not  con- 
tiguous, except  in  Xylita ;  ti])ial  spurs  slender,  sometimes  very 
small ;  tarsi  with  penultimate  joint  sometimes  emarginato  or  lobed ; 
claws  simple. 

I  have  united  into  one  group  the  Serropalpides  and  a  portion 
of  the  Melandryides,  of  Lacordaire,  as  they  seem  insensibly  to 
merge  together. 

Our  genera  may  be  thus  tabulated  : — 

Hiud  tarsi  with  3d  and  4th  joints  equal ;  palpi  strongly  serriform. 

Seuuopalpus. 
Hind  tarsi  with  3d  joint  shorter  than  the  4th,  more  or  less  lobed. 
Maxillary  palpi  with  the  second  and  third  joints  as  wide  as  the  4th  ; 
Head  vertical ;  prosternum  short  in  front  of  coxy3.  Dikc^a  ? 

Head  oblique  ;  prosternum  not  very  short  ; 

Maxillary  palpi  not  serriform.  Phlceothya  ? 

Maxillary  palpi  serriform.  Uytulos. 


ii 


MKLANDnVIDAK. 


251 


Maxillary  palpi  with  tlio  4th  joint  widor  than  the  2(1  ami  ,'5d  ; 
Eyes  entire  or  nearly  so  ; 
La:jt  joint  of  niaxillaiy  palpi  triangular,  securiform; 

Jliddle  uoxu)  contiguous,  Xymta. 

Middle  coxie  separate  ; 

I'uhescenco  erect;  antenn.T  not  very  tliick.  Zii.oha. 

Pubescence  prostrate;  anlonnie  thick,  outer  joints  transvorhe. 

Caukhara. 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  very  long,  cultriform.  Si-ii.oru.s. 

Eyes  strongly  eniarginato,  last  joint  of  palpi  securiform.    Tuotomma. 

All  of  these  genera  oceur  in  tlic  Atliuitu;  States  ;  Serropalpus, 
Hypulus,  ami  Xyllta  liave  also  occurred  in  Oregun.  To  I'lihtuv 
trya  I  would  refer  Dircsea  scricea  Ilald.  Carebara  is  ostablislied 
on  a  slender  spe(;ies  with  thick  antenna; ;  it  is  reniarkuMe  I'di- 
the  tibial  spurs  being  almost  obsolete.  The  species  (J.  lomiiiln 
Lee.  is  narrow  and  tiutlened,  dark  browfi,  iinely  punctured  and 
pubescent,  somewhat  shining  (-25  unc.  long)  ;  the  thorax  is 
nearly  scpiare,  not  narrowed  in  front,  and  scarcely  rounded  ou 
the  sides;  the  abdomen  projects  a  little  beyond  the  elytra;  the 
base  t)f  the  antennte,  the  feet,  and  sometimes  the  ventral  surface, 
are  testaceous.  Tno  type  of  Spilotus  is  Jfallomenm  <juadrij>ux- 
iulosus  Mels.  ;  it  appears  to  be  related  to  the  European  Abdera, 
but  differs  in  the  form  of  the  last  joint  of  the  ma.xillary  palpi.  To 
Trotoiua  belong  Hcraptia  Jlavicollis  Ilald.,  and  ,S.  ruyuaa  Ilald. 

Group  v.— Melandryae. 

Head  inclined,  never  vertical,  frontal  suture  distinct;  antenna? 
with  the  third  joint  not  consi)icuously  elongated  ;  ma.villary  palpi 
long,  sometimes  moderately  serriform,  last  joint  wider,  securiform  ; 
anterior  co.xa3  conical,  contiguous,  with  distinct  trochantin  ;  mid- 
dle coxie  absolutely  contiguous;  tibial  si)urs  slender,  never  small; 
tarsi  with  penultimate  joint  more  or  less  lobed  ;  claws  simple. 

Our  genera  are  four  in  number ; — 

Thorax  with  the  base  sinuous,  but  not  distinctly  lobed ; 

Elytra  not  striate,  Pkothai.pia. 

Elytra  striate.  Mki.andkya. 

Thorax  with  a  broad  basal  lobe  ;  elytra  punctured,  not  at  all  striate  ; 

2d  and  3d  joints  of  antennte  together  not  longer  than  the  4th.       Emmesa. 

3d  joint  of  antennae  scarcely  shorter  than  the  4th.        riiuvr.ANOPiULcs. 

Melandrya  is  represented  by  3L  sfriata  Say,  Emmesa  l)y  /;. 
connectens  Newm.  (3Ielandrya  maculata  Lee),  and  E.  lahinta 
{M.  labiata  Say),  all  from  the  Atlantic  States ;  Fhri/<janophilu)i 


'M 


m 

u; 'I  ■ 


'■■!  Ml. 


■1  n 

I  ;     If 


I*. 


ill  ^ 


252 


COLEOI'TKHA  OF  NORTH  AMEIUOA. 


roJIaris  lioc.  is  fitiiiid  from  Miiino  to  Oropjnii.  rrollinlpia  is 
fouiidt'd  oil  P.  uiiildla  Ijcl'.,  IVuiu  Louisiana,  a  Ijruwii,  siiiiiiiig, 
l»uiicturud  insect  (27  unc.  long),  clDtliod  spurst'ly  wilii  i)alt'  liairs, 
and  having  the  dylra  i»alt',  coarsely  piinclui'cd,  und  ornamented 
wilii  narrow  I'liscons  spots,  wliich  are  ])artiy  eundncnt  into  tlirec 
transverse  bands;  tlie  thorax  is  seniicireular,  sligiilly  sinuous  at 
tiie  1)ase,  llie  middle  of  wiiieh  is  feehly  enuirginale  ;  it  is  more 
densely  and  less  coarsely  punctured  than  the  elytra,  and  is  dusky, 
except  at  the  sides;  there  are  three  impressions  near  the  base,  the 
middle  one  broad,  and  the  otiier  two  snniller  and  deeper.  The 
antenme  are  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  slightly  thickened 
externally,  dusky,  with  the  base  pale  ;  the  third  Joint  is  a  little 
longer  than  the  fourth  ;  the  maxillary  palpi  are  not  at  all  serri- 
form  ;  the  feet  and  palpi  are  pale. 

Group  VI.— Nothl. 

Ilend  inclined  ;  antenna;  su))sernite,  not  thickened  externally ; 
maxillary  palpi  with  the  last  joint  large,  dilated,  nearly  cultri- 
forni  ;  anterior  coxa;  conical  contiguous,  with  large  trochantin  ; 
middle  coxie  nearly  but  not  (piite  contiguous  ;  tibial  spurs  obso- 
lete, tarsi  with  i)enultimate  joint  conspicuously  loijcd,  claws  with 
a  broad  rectangular  dilatation  at  base  in  the  female,  trilid  in  the 
male. 

This  group  contains  but  one  geuns,  Nothus,  found  on  flowers; 
it  is  represented  by  two  species  in  the  Atlantic  States ;  they  have 
much  the  appearance  of  Tolephorus.  In  the  nmles  the  hind 
femora  are  curved,  and  the  tibia;  armed  with  a  process  oa  the 
inner  margin  near  the  tip. 


Tribo  III.— STEIV'OTRArilFXIIVI. 

Head  horizontal ;  antcnnjc  nearly  filiform ;  maxillary  palpi 
with  the  last  joint  large,  securiform;  anterior  coxie  conical,  con- 
tiguous, with  distinct  trochantin  ;  middle  coxic  absolutely  con- 
tiguous, tibial  spurs  slender;  tarsi  filiform;  claws  cleft  to  the 
hase,  with  the  Inferior  portion  as  long  as,  but  more  slender  than 
the  upper. 

Stcnolrachebdi  arctatus  Lcc.  (Hclops  arctatus  Say  ;  Sfcn.  oh- 
scuridi  Mann.),  alone  represents  this  tribe  in  our  fauna.  It  is 
found  from  Lake  Superior  to  Russian  America,  and  is  a  slender 


MYCTKIUDAK. 


858 


insect  ('5  nru!.  long)  of  a  very  (hirk  bronzed  color,  pnnetnred 
with  line  (.•iiicrcoiis  iMilicsconcc  ;  I  lie  eyes  un;  largiT  in  llic  niali! 
limn  llie  fcinalo  iiiul  sli^litly  oniur^niiale. 

This  ti'ilu'  is  rcnuirkulile  for  presenting  the  lirst  Instance  of  the 
elel't  form  of  claws,  which  reappears  snljsiMjnently  in  the  Anlhieidiu 
in  the  gciuis  Xeinatonyx,  and  Ijeeomes  very  general  in  tiie  families 
.Mordeilidie  and  Meloi(he;  I  am  very  donhtfnl  uiiether  It  and 
tScotodes,  a  Unssian  genns,  slionid  not  he  separated  as  a  distinct 
family  and  placed  just  before  Anthieidic;  the  head  is  eoiistrletcd 
at  base,  at  least  ou  the  sides,  and  the  thorax  is  narrower  than  the 
elytra. 

Tril.0  IV.-SC'K.iPTH\l. 

Head  inclined  ;  suddenly  constrieteil  a  short  distance  behind 
the  eyes  into  a  small  neck;  maxillary  and  labial  palpi  witii  the 
last  joint  securiform  ;  anterior  coxa;  large,  conical,  contiguous, 
with  distinet  trochuntin  ;  middle  coxm  absolutely  contiguous; 
til)ial  si)urs  slender;  tarsi  wilh  the  penultinuite  joint  lobed  ;  claws 
simple. 

JJut  one  g'uus,  Scraptia,  Is  contained  in  this  tribe  ;  the  eyes 
arc  transverse,  deeply  cmarglimte,  and  strongly  granulated,  the 
antenna!  are  long,  .slender,  and  very  fragile.  Onr  species  are 
found  on  leaves,  and  thus  far  only  in  the  Atlantic  Stales. 


Fam.  ltil— mycteridae. 

Montnm  transverse;  a  little  wider  in  front,  supported  by 
,1  large  gular  i)roces3;  ligula  prominent,  bilobed ;  labial 
2)alpi  o-jointed. 

^[axilko  with  a  large  prominent  base,  and  two  ciliated 
lobes;  palpi  4-joiuted,  last  jcjint  elongate,  ti'iangular,  ob- 
liquely truncate. 

Head  slightly  narrowed  bcbind  the  eyes,  wliicli  are  ronnde'l 
and  not  very  finely  granulated;  scarcely  inclined;  i'voui 
]^rolongcd  into  a  llattened  beak  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the 
head,  in  the  first  tribe,  short  in  the  second  ;  clyi'ens  short, 
coriaceous;  labrum  pr()min(int;  mandibles  emarginate  at  tip. 

Antenna"!  11-jointed,  nearly  lilif'orm  ;  in.serted  at  the  sides 
of  the  front. 

Prothorax  trapezoidal,  nearly  as  -wide  at  base  as  the  clytrn  ; 
lateral  suture  wanting ;  coxul  cavities  conlluent,  (jpeii  behind. 


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COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Mesostcrnum  narrow,  s*  ijarating  the  coxre ;  side  pieces  not 
extending  to  the  cavities. 

Metasternuin  long,  side  pieces  not  very  narrow ;  epimera 
visible. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen ;  epiplenrse  narrow,  distinct. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments;  the  anterior 
two  of  which  appear  more  closely  connected ;  intercoxal 
process  acvite. 

Legs  slender ;  anterior  coxae  small,  conical,  contiguous, 
without  trochantin ;  middle  coxa?  small,  rounded,  separated, 
entirely  inclosed  by  tlie  sterna;  hind  coxai  transverse,  sepa- 
rated; tibial  spurs  small ;  front  and  middle  tarsi  5-jointcd  ; 
hind  tarsi  4-jointed;  the  penultimate  joint  dilated  into  a 
short  membranous  lobe  beneath ;  claws  armed  with  a  broad 
basal  tooth. 

The  two  genera  which  I  have  here  associated  have  very  few 
points  in  common,  except  those  above  detailed  ;  the  first  resembles 
in  form  some  of  the  smaller  Alleculse  or  Cistelas,  while  the  second 
does  not  resemble  especially  any  other  insect  known  to  me. 

The  two  genera  indicate  dilfcrent  tribes ; — 

Head  prolonged  into  a  rostrum.  Mycteriki. 

lleud  short,  not  rodtrated.  Lacconotini. 

Tribe  I.-IUYCTERIIVI. 

Head  pr'^longcd  before  the  eyes  into  a  flattened  beak  as  long 
as  the  rest  of  the  head  :  antennoe  nearly  filiform ;  epipleurse  ex- 
tending to  the  tip  of  the  elytra ;  first  ventral  segment  as  long  as 
the  2d ;  5th  very  short. 

The  gt  'lus  Mycterus,  usually  classed  among  Oedemeridae,  alone 
represents  this  tribe  ;  one  species  in  the  Atlantic  States,  and  ano- 
ther in  New  Mexico  belong  to  our  fauna.  The  firmer  consistenc* 
of  the  integuments,  the  distinct  epipleurse,  the  small  size  of  the 
coxa!,  and  the  membranous  sole  of  the  penultimate  joint  of  the 
tarsi  arc  valid  reasons  for  removing  this  genus  from  a.ssociatiou 
with  Oederaerida)  to  the  position  here  given  it ;  the  resemblance 
in  form  to  some  of  the  members  of  CistelidsB  is  considerable, 
while  in  structural  characters,  Mycterus  has  much  affinity  with 
Salpingus. 

Tribe  II.-LACCOWOTINI. 

Head  short ;  antennte  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  enbser- 
rato  ;  cpipleurae  not  extending  to  the  tip  of  the  elytra ;  first  ven- 


PYTIIIDAE. 


255 


tral  segment  very  short,  only  one-half  aa  long  as  the  2d  ;  5th  us 
lung  as  the  4th. 

Lacconotus  puncfatus  Lee,  a  small  insect  given  me  as  found  in 
Pennsylvania,  alone  constitutes  this  tribe  ;  it  is  of  narrow  form 
(17  unc.  long),  black,  strongly  punctured,  and  thinly  clothed  with 
short  pubescence  ;  the  thorax  is  rather  flat,  nearly  square,  with 
two  large  discoidal  foveas ;  the  basal  edge  is  tinged  each  side 
with  red.  The  elytra  are  wider  than  the  thorax,  i)arnllel,  rounded 
at  the  tip,  and  not  very  convex  ;  they  are  punctured  lilvc  the  head 
and  thorax,  and  arc  sligntly  rugous.  The  2d  ventral  .segment  has 
a  very  large  pale  spot  occupying  the  whole  middle  portion. 

I  can  add  but  little  to  the  characters  given  above;  the  liguia 
and  mentum  are  smaller  than  in  Mycterus,  and  the  maxillary 
palpi  less  elongated. 

Fam.  liv.— pythidae. 


4 


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6 'p. 


Mentum  transverse,  trapezoidal,  narrower  in  front,  sup- 
ported on  a  broad  and  short  gular  process ;  liguia  visible ; 
labial  palpi  3-jointed. 

Maxillto  with  flattened,  ciliato  lobes;  palpi  4-jointed, 
moderate  in  size. 

Head  not  constricted  behind,  prominent  in  our  tribes,  re- 
ceived by  the  protliorax  not  as  I'ar  as  the  eyes,  which  are  not 
emarginate.  and  not  finely  granulated ;  clypeus  short,  dis- 
tinct; labrum  prominent;  mandibles  short,  emarginate  at 
tip,  sometimes  toothed  internally. 

Antennae  11-jointed,  slightly  tiiickened  externally,  in.sertcd 
under  small  obliciue  frontal  ridges. 

Protliorax  narrower  at  base,  witli  the  lateral  suture  dis- 
tinct in  Boros  and  Grymodes,  wanting  in  the  other  genera  ; 
anterior  coxal  cavities  opeu  behind,  frequently  confluent. 

Meso.sternum  moderately  long,  side  jiieces  attaining  or  not 
the  coxal  cavities;  metasternum  long  (except  in  Couonotusj, 
side  pieces  narrow. 

Elytra  rounded  at  tip,  covering  the  abdomen ;  epipleurae 
narrow,  wings  perfect  (except  in  Cunonotus). 

Abdomen  with  five  ventral  segments,  all  free;  intercoxal 
process  small,  acute  (except  in  Cononotus). 

Legs  moderate ;  anterior  coxie  conical,  usually  contiguous, 
sometimes  with  trochantin ;  middle  coxa)  rounded,  with  or 
without  trochantin ;  hind  coxio  transverse,  nearly  contiguous. 


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256 


COLEOPTEUA  OF  NOIITII  AMERICA. 


except  in  Cononotus,  where  they  are  very  widely  separated ; 
tibiai  slundcr,  with  the  spurs  small  but  distinct;  tarsi  slender, 
never  lol>id,  anterior  and  middle  ones  6-jointed,  hind  ones 
4-jointed,  (said  to  be  5-jointed  in  Tanyrhinus) ;  claws  simple. 

This  family  contains  a  small  number  of  species,  mostly  confined 
to  northern  localities ;  those  of  the  first  and  third  tribes  live 
under  bark,  those  of  the  second  are  found  under  stones. 

Our  three  tribes  (or  perhaps  more  properly  sub-families)  may 
be  separated  as  follows  : — 

Middle  coxae  with  distinct  trochantin.  Pythim. 
Middle  coxie  iucloHed  by  the  Hterua,  without  trochantin ; 

Metasteriium  short,  head  not  rostrated.  Cokonotini. 

Metasteruum  long,  head  with  a  distinct  rostrum.  Salpinoini. 

Tribe  I.— PYTHII¥I. 

Head  prominent;  last  joint  of  ma.xillary  palpi  dilated  ;  meta- 
sternum  long,  body  winged ;  intcrcoxal  process  of  abdomen 
small,  acute ;  middle  coxaj  with  distinct  trochantin,  extending  to 
the  epimera  ;  mandibles  visible  beyond  the  labrum,  eniarginate  at 
tip,  and  in  Priognathus  also  serrate  on  the  inner  edge. 

These  species  are  of  moderate  or  large  size,  and  are  found 
under  bark ;  in  general  aspect  they  resemble  certain  Tencbrio- 
nidte,  but  are  immediately  known  by  the  anterior  coxal  cavities 
being  open  behind. 

Two  of  our  genera,  Cryraodes  and  Priognathus,  are  peculiar  to 
the  northern  part  of  America  ;  the  other  two  are  also  represented 
in  Northern  Europe  ;  they  are  distinguished  as  follows  : — 

Lateral  suture  of  prothorax  visible ;  middle  coxae  separated ; 

Anterior  coxae  separated  by  prosternnm.  Bonos. 

Anterior  coxae  almost  contiguous.  Cbymodes. 

Lateral  suture  of  prothorax  wanting  ;  middle  coxae  contiguous  ; 

Mandibles  with  one  small  tooth  ;  body  depressed.  Pytho. 

Mandibles  serrate  ;  body  not  depressed.  Pkioonathus. 

Of  Pytho,  two  species  are  known  in  our  fauna ;  of  the  other 
genera  but  single  species  have  yet  been  discovered. 


Tribe  n.-CONONOTIWI. 


Head  prominent,  obtuse ;  metasternura  short,  hind  margin 
almost  straight,  wings  none  ;  intercoxal  process  of  abdomen  very 
broad  ;  middle  coxae  nearly  contiguous,  closely  embraced  by  the 


PYTHIDAE. 


25T 


II 


sterna,  without  trochantin  ;  mandibles  scarcely  visible  beyond  the 
lubruin;  anterior  coxaj  small,  conical,  contiguous;  tibial  spurs 
very  small. 

This  tribe  consists  of  the  genus  Cononotus,  of  which  two  spe- 
cies were  found  by  me  under  stones  in  California ;  they  are  slen- 
der, pale  brown,  finely  pubescent  insects  of  small  size,  having  the 
thorax  elongated,  and  regularly  conical  in  form,  and  much  nui- 
rowed  behind  ;  the  lateral  suture  is  nearly  effaced,  though  still 
capable  of  being  traced  ;  the  maxillary  palpi  are  very  long,  and 
the  last  joint  is  large  and  triangular. 

It  is  very  dillicult  to  indicate  the  aflinities  of  this  genus  ;  it 
seems  to  be  equally  out  of  place  in  any  family.  It  was  formerly 
considered  by  me  as  allied  to  Apocrypha,  of  the  Tenebrionida\ 
a  view  adopted  by  Lacordaire ;  but  the  open  anterior  coxal 
cavities  forbid  such  an  association.  The  lirst  and  second  ventral 
segments  appear  to  be  connate  ;  should  dissection  conlinu  this 
observation,  it  will  point  very  strongly  towards  the  reception  of 
the  genus  as  a  separate  family. 


I 
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Tribe  III.-8ALP»'»Ix\I. 

Head  prominent,  front  flattened,  prolonged  more  or  less  into  a 
broad  beak ;  last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  not  dilated  ;  metasternum 
long,  body  winged,  intercoxal  process  of  abdomen  acute  ;  middle 
coxic  embraced  by  the  sterna,  without  trochantin  ;  mandibles  not 
visible  beyond  the  labrum  ;  anterior  coxae  conical,  contiguous. 

This  tribe  consists  of  species  of  small  size  ;  two  of  the  genera 
are  represented  on  both  sides  of  the  continent ;  the  third,  Tanyr- 
hiuus,  is  found  in  Russian  America,  and  is  unknown  to  me  ;  the 
form  of  thorax  is  very  different  from  that  of  the  other  genera, 
being  described  as  very  much  narrower  at  tip  than  at  base  ;  the 
reverse  is  the  case  in  every  genus  of  the  present  family  known  to 
me ;  the  5-jointed  hind  tarsi  are  also  altogether  anomalous,  and 
I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  the  genus  has  been  improperly  con- 
sidered as  allied  to  llhinosimus. 


Hind  tarsi  4-jointed ; 

Beak  broad,  and  very  short. 

Beak  prolonged ; 
Hind  tarsi  5-jointed ;  beak  prolonged. 

n 


SALrrwona. 

Riiisosisirs. 

Tanyuuinuh. 


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2")8 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Fam.  lv.— cedemeridae. 


Mentum  trapezoidal,  slightly  narrowed  in  front,  supported 
by  a  large  gular  process ;  ligula  large,  prominent,  bilobed ; 
labial  palpi  3-jointed. 

Maxillce  with  large  exposed  base,  and  two  flattened  ciliate 
lobes;  palpi  4-jointed,  last  joint  dilated  in  onr  genera. 

Head  slightly  inclined,  gradually,  but  not  strongly  narrowed 
behind,  received  into  the  thorax  not  as  far  as  the  eyes,  which 
are  tolerably  strongly  granulated  in  Calopus,  but  more  finely 
in  our  other  genera ;  front  somewhat  prolonged ;  epistonia 
subcoriaceous ;  labrum  prominent ;  mandibles  emarginate  at 
tip,  furnished  on  the  inner  margin  with  a  membranous  ciliated 
border. 

Antennae  11-jointed,  nearly  filiform,  sometimes  serrate. 

Prothorax  narrower  at  the  base  than  the  elytra,  lateral 
suture  wanting;  coxal  cavities  widely  open  behind,  con- 
fluent. 

Mesosternum  pointed  behind  ;  side  pieces  extending  to  the 
coxal  cavities,  which  are  generally  confluent ;  metasternum 
long ;  side  pieces  narrow. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen ;  epipleuraa  almost  wanting ; 
visible  only  near  the  base. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  the  6th  some- 
times visible  in  the  males. 

Legs  moderate ;  anterior  coxae  large,  conical,  contiguous ; 
middle  coxae  conical,  contiguous  or  slightly  separated,  some- 
times with  distinct  trochantin ;  hind  coxas  transverse,  nearly 
contiguous;  tibial  spurs  distinct;  anterior  and  middle  tarsi 
6-jointed ;  hind  tarsi  4-jointed ;  the  penultimate  joints  dilated 
in  our  genera,  and  furnished  with  a  dense  brush  of  hairs  be- 
neath ;  claws  simple,  slightly  dilated  at  the  base. 

Insects  of  moderate  size  found  generally  upon  plants,  though 
some  species  of  Asclera  live  near  water  on  the  ground. 
Our  genera  are  as  follows  : — 

Antennse  partly  surrounded  by  the  eyes  ;  middle  coxse  not  contignous  ; 
Clypeal  suture  not  obvious.  Cai.opus. 

Clypeal  suture  very  distinct.  Mickotonus. 

Antennae  not  surrounded  by  the  eyes  ;  middle  coxiO  contiguous  ; 

Anterior  tarsi  with  more  than  tlie  4th  joint  spougy  pubescent  beneath  ; 
Anterior  tibiae  with  two  distinct  spurs.  Ditylub. 

Anterior  tibiae  with  but  quo  spur.  Kacekdes. 


(EnEMERinAE — CEI'lIAr.OIDAE. 


2:.  9 


Pemiltiinate  joint  only  of  Uie  tarni  spongy  pulwsceut  beneath  ;  anlp- 
rior  tibinB  witli  two  spare.  Awlkiia. 

Calopus  Is  found  in  Texas  and  New  Mexico  ;  the  other  j^cncrs 
are  represented  on  both  sides  of  the  Continent ;  the  only  species 
of  Nacerdes  is  N.  milanura,  which  is  also  found  in  Europe. 

Microtonus  is  founded  on  a  very  small  brown  sericeous  insect, 
found  on  leaves  in  the  Atlantic  States.  The  last  joint  of  the 
palpi  is  large  and  secHriform  ;  the  antennic  are  inserted  at  a  small 
emargination  of  the  eyes,  are  slender,  one-half  the  length  of  the 
body,  with  the  2d  joint  one-third  as  long  as  the  following  one ; 
the  eyes  are  comparatively  large,  widely  separated,  and  tolerably 
coarsely  granulated  ;  the  front  is  crossed  by  a  very  distinct  curved 
suture,  just  before  the  eyes  ;  the  pennltimate  joint  of  the  tarsi  is 
very  slightly  bilobed.  The  species  M.  scncana  Lee.  is  smuU 
(■10-15  unc.  long)  and  slender,  brown,  densely  punctured,  and 
clothed  with  short  sericeous  pubescence ;  the  thorax  is  as  wide  as 
the  head,  nearly  square,  feebly  bisinuate  at  base,  with  the  hind 
angles  subacute,  very  feebly  rounded  on  the  sides,  and  generally 
vaguely  impressed  near  the  sides  behind  the  middle. 


I. 


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.if 


Fam.  lvl— cephaloidae. 

Mentum  small,  nearly  square,  supported  hj  a  gular  pro- 
cess ;  ligula  membranous,  broad,  bilobed,  prominent ;  labial 
palpi  small,  3-jointed. 

MaxilliK  with  the  base  large  and  prominent,  and  two  long 
slender  lobes  eiliate  at  the  tip;  palpi  4-jointed,  last  joint  tri- 
angular, obliquely  truncate. 

llead  inclined,  large,  rhomboidal,  gradually  narrowed  be- 
hind the  eyes,  suddenly  constrict(Kl  at  base,  inserted  into  the 
thorax  by  a  not  very  slender  neck;  eyes  small,  reniform, 
finely  granulated ;  mandibles  small,  acute  at  tip,  subser rate 
on  the  inner  margin  with  a  broad  membrane  extending  from 
the  base  half  the  length ;  labrum  prominent ;  frontal  suture 
not  distinct. 

Antennte  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  front,  under  a  small 
lidge  in  front  of  the  eyes,  11-jointed;  slightly  thickened  to- 
wards the  tip. 

Prothorax  elongate,  trape7oidal,  as  wide  at  base  as  the 
elytra,  lateral  suture  wanting;  coxal  cavities  large,  confluent, 
open  behind. 


M 


1 


2f,0 


COLEOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMEUIOA. 


Mosostcrnum  uouto ;  side  pieces  reacOiing  tlic  coxal  cavi- 
tioH,  which  lire  cuuliuont;  motustcrnum  long,  side  pieces 
uurnnv. 

Elytra  gradually  narrowed  from  tlie  base,  as  long  as  the 
alKloineii;  cpipleuru3  narrow  but  distinct,  not  extending  tu 
the  tip. 

Aluiomen  witli  six  free  ventral  segments,  the  0th  short, 
deeply  emarginatoin  the  male,  permitting  the  7th  to  be  seen. 

Legs  long  and  slender;  anttjrior  and  nii(hlle  coxa;  large, 
conical,  contiguous,  with  distinct  trochantins;  hind  coxjo 
slightly  oblique,  prominent,  concave  behind  near  the  ti{) ; 
tibial  spurs  long,  slender;  tarsi  rdifi^rni,  pubescent  beneath; 
claws  pectinate,  each  with  a  largo  a[)pcn(lage,  as  lung  as  tho 
claw  itself)  and  obtusely  rounded  at  the  tip. 

The  characters  above  given  are  sufticieiit  to  show  timt  tho 
genus  (Jephaloon  should  rank  as  a  distinct  family.  It  was  placed 
by  Newman,  who  first  dcHcrihotl  it  in  (Edemerldte,  by  myself  in 
MeloidiE,  and  more  recently  by  Motschulsky  in  Molandryiihe. 
None  of  these  positions  will,  in  my  opinion,  be  found  correct.  From 
the  Mcloidic  it  differs  by  tiie  thorax  being  as  broad  at  base  as  the 
elytra,  as  well  as  by  the  different  form  of  the  head.  From  Me- 
landryidiB  it  differs  not  only  by  the  head  being  constricted  at 
base,  but  by  the  lateral  suture  of  the  prosternum  being  wanting, 
and  by  the  greater  number  of  ventral  segments.  Its  rescmblanco 
to  (Edcnieridaj  is  more  decided,  though  from  them  it  is  at  onco 
distinguished  by  tho  head  being  constricted  at  base,  as  well  as  by 
the  peculiar  form  of  the  claws. 

One  species,  Cvphaloon  lejUuridca  Newman  (var.  G.  variavs) 
Hald.,  is  found  on  plants  in  the  Northern  States  and  in  Canada. 
Two  Asiatic  species  have  been  recently  described  by  Motschuls'ky  ; 
they  are  found  near  the  Amoor  River. 


Fam.  lvii.— mordellidae. 


Mcntum  trapezoidal,  supported  by  a  gular  process ;  ligula 
prominent,  cordiform :  palpi  3-jointed,  last  joint  ti'iangular. 

Maxillio  with  large,  prominent  base,  and  two  ciliated  lubes; 
palpi  4-jointed,  rather  long,  with  the  last  joint  securiform  or 
cultrifonn,  sometimes  transverse. 

Head  vertical,  applied  closely  to  the  th  ,rax,  suddenly 
constricted  immediately  behind  the  eyes,  connected  with  the 


MnnPKI.LIPAE. 


20. 1 


prolhorax  l)y  a  very  small  rn'ck ;  cjea  small  and  coarsrl y 
^.tiiiiuIuUmI  ill  th(!  lirst  tribe,  largo  ami  fiurly  grauulat.'d  in 
the  secoiul ;  labri'ia  [jromiiieiit ;  matidihlcs  short,  cutiru  at 
ti[\  with  an  internal  iiieinbrunoti.s  margin. 

Antennaj  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  i'ront,  before  the  eyes, 
11-jointed,  slender,  usually  slightly  thickened  e.\.tt;riially. 

l*rothorax  strongly  narrowed  in  front,  as  wide  at  base  iis 
the  elytra ;  lateral  suture  quite  obvioui ;  coxal  cavities  large, 
open  behind,  confluent. 

Mesosternum  short,  carinated,  pointed  behind,  side  jiicces 
attaining  the  coxal  cavities,  which  are  not  confluent;  meta- 
sternum  large,  but  not  long,  side  pieces  variable  in  width. 

Elytra  narrowed  behind,  not  truncate,  leaving  exposed  the 
tip  of  the  abdomen ;  epipleunu  not  distinct. 

Abdomen  with  five  or  six  ventral  segments;  the  last 
dorsal  and  sixth  ventral  arc  prolonged  in  the  second  tribe, 
forming  an  anal  style. 

Legs,  anterior  short,  posterior  usually  long ;  anterior  coxto 
large,  conical,  contiguous,  without  trochantin;  middle  coxiu 
not  prominent,  slightly  separated;  hind  coxa?  flat,  contiguous, 
moderate  in  size  in  the  first,  very  largo  in  the  secoml  tribe; 
tibial  spurs  large,  hind  tibia;  frecjuently  dilated ;  hind  tarsi 
compressed,  long;  claws  simple  in  the  lirst,  cleft  to  the  base, 
with  the  upper  portion  ])ectinate,  iu  the  second  tribe. 

Two  tribes  are  thus  separated  : — 

Atnlomen  not  prolonged  at  tip.  Anahpiki. 

AUlouiun  prolonged  at  tip.  Moudki.i.im. 

Insects  of  small  size,  found  on  plants ;  all  are  pubescent ;  many 
are  very  prettily  variegated  in  color. 

Tribe  I.— AIVASPIIVI. 

Body  rather  fusiform  than  cuneate  ;  hind  coxa?  not  very  large, 
tibia;  slender ;  claws  neither  cleft  nor  serrate;  last  dorsal  scir- 
nieut  of  the  abdomen  not  prolonged,  sixth  ventral  not  visible  in 
Anaspls,  but  visible  iu  the  other  two  genera  ;  eyes  oval,  narrowly 
emarginated,  coarsely  granulated  ;  antenna;  inserted  very  near  the 
eyes,  not  serrate  ;  upper  surface  of  the  body  transversely  strigute. 

Our  genera  are  three  : — 

Anterior  and  middle  tarsi  with  the  3d  and  4t]i  joints  equal ; 

Antomire  long,  scarcely  thickfned  externally.  Diri.iniA. 

Antennw  shorter,  last  five  joints  broader.  Pk.ntaria. 

Anterior  and  middle  tarsi  with  the  4th  joint  very  small.  A.naspis. 


\:[ 


I; 


•  ;:l 


1,11  •, 


i 


:m 


202 


COLEOI'TEUA  OF  NORTH  AMKIMC.V. 


Diclidift  contains  one  spcoiea  from  Texas  ;  Pnifaria  Muls.  wn« 
Kcparatc'l  by  nie  formerly  as  Antliobateis,  but  uiiilor  falsi;  cliunii- 
tors,  so  that  tlie  name  should  be  rejcrted,  and  the  more  recent  one 
adopted.  The  speeics  are  found  on  oaeh  side  of  the  eontlnent, 
and  have  the  elytra  ornamented  with  broad  bands.  Anaspis  is 
also  found  ou  both  sides  of  the  continent. 

THIw  II.-MOnDEIXIIVI. 

Body  cuneiform,  pointed  behind  ;  hind  coxro  very  large  ;  hind 
tibiiB  short,  diluted,  triangular ;  elaws  eleft  to  the  base,  with  the 
upper  portion  pectinate  ;  la.st  dorsal  segment  of  abdomen  pro- 
longed, forming  an  anal  style  or  process  ;  eyes  large,  oval,  finely 
or  coarsely  granulated  ;  antenna;  insertctd  in  front  of  the  eyes,  but 
not  very  near  to  them,  Bometinies  serrate. 

Our  genera  may  be  separated  as  follows  : — 

Kyva  finely  granulatt'il ;  hind  tibim  with  a  small,  sul)apioal  ridge  ; 
Sciitelhiin  nmargiiiatt)  ;  eyes  not  n-uchiiig  tlie  occiput.  Toiioxia. 

Bcutellutn  triangular  ;  eye8  reaching  thu  occiput; 
Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  very  tran.sver.so.  Olipa. 

La.st  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  triangular,  or  s«curifnrm.       Mokdki.i.a. 
Eyua  coarsely  granulated  ;  hiud  tibia;  and  tarsii  with  oblique  ridges  on  the 
outer  face ; 
Hind  tibia;  with  one  long  ridge,  and  no  suliapical  one.         Olipode.s. 
Hind  tibifP  with  subapical  and  oblique  ridges.  Mokdelliste.va. 

Sphalera  Lee,  founded  on  MorihUa  viel/xnn  Germ.,  does  not 
appear  to  be  sufficiently  distinct  from  genuine  Mordella.  (Jlipodes 
is  founded  on  Mordella  iscricnns  Mels.,  and  is  very  remarkable 
for  the  structure  of  the  last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  in  the 
male ;  it  is  covered  on  the  under  surface  with  a  dense  brush  of 
short  hair,  and  from  the  base  on  the  outer  side  proceeds  a  long, 
bifurcated  appendage,  the  branches  of  which  are  as  long  as  the 
joint  itself. 

Mordella  and  Mordellistena  occur  on  both  sides  of  the  conti- 
nent; the  other  genera  are  thus  fur  kuown  only  in  the  Atlantic 
States. 


Fam.  lviii.— anthicidae. 

Mentum  trapezoidal,  narrower  in  front,  supported  by  a 
broad  gular  process;  ligula  large,  prominent,  labial  jiulpi 
iJ-jointed. 


ANTinriDAE. 


2'5:i 


Miixillio  with  largo,  exposed  base,  and  two  flattened,  ciliale 
lobort;  palj)!  4-joiuted. 

lloud  somewhat  iuelined,  strongly  eonstrieted  behind  the 
eyes;  ncok  slender,  front  soniewliat  j)rolonged,  labruin  pro 
minent;  mandibles  not  extentling  l;eyond  the  lubrum,  trim 
cate  or  cmarginate  at  tip. 

Anteniue  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  front,  immediately 
before  the  eyes,  11-jointed,  nearly  filil'orm,  very  rarely  (-V^- 
hphilus  MfUlulmeri  J")  Ihibellate, 

I'rothorax  narrower  than  the  elytra  at  base,  lateral  suture 
wanting;  anterior  eoxal  eavities  open  bcjhind,  eonlluent. 

Mesosternum  [tointed  behind,  usually  very  slightly  sepa- 
rating the  eoxte,  rarely  the  coxal  eavities  are  eonflucnt;  snle 
pieces  extending  to  the  cavities;  metasternum  long,  side 
j)ieces  narrow. 

Elytra  covering  the  abdomen,  rounded  behind;  cpipleune 
very  narrow. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments,  rarely  six. 

Legs  moderate;  anterior  coxie  conical,  prominent,  con- 
tiguous; middle  ones  subconical,  with  distinct  trochantin, 
nearly  or  quite  contiguous;  hind  ones  transver.se,  nearly 
contiguous  in  the  first  three  tribes,  more  distinctly  separate  1 
in  the  fourth  tribe;  tibial  spurs  small;  anterior  and  middli- 
tarsi  5-jointed;  hind  tarsi  4-jointed;  the  penultimate  joint 
of  all  generally  emarginate ;  claws  simple,  except  in  Xema 
toplus,  Pedilus,  and  Macratria. 

I  have  united  the  Aiithicitos  and  Pedilides  of  Lacordairc,  antl 
excluded  from  the  family  Scraptia,  which  appears  to  me  to  be 
more  related  to  the  Melanch'jidiu.  The  family  Is  thus  rendered 
very  homogeneous,  and  divides  into  four  natural  tribes  : — 

Eyes  more  or  less  emarginate  ;  hind  coxne  approximate  ; 

Head  constricted  far  beliind  the  finely  granulated  eyes.  Pkdilim. 

Head  constricted  just  behind  the  coarsely  granulated  eyes.  X  ylopuilim. 
Eyes  elliptical,  entire,  rather  coarsely  granulated  ; 

Hiud  coxte  approximate.  Macbatriim. 

Uiud  cox»  somewhat  distant.  Amtuicini. 

Tribe  I.— PEDILIIVI. 

The  species  of  this  tribe  are  of  much  larper  size  than  those  of 
the  other  tribes,  varying  in  size  from  one-fourth  to  one-half  un 
inch  iu  length ;  they  are  found  on  flowers. 

The  head  is  con.strieted  far  behind  the  eyes,  which  are  tolerably 
■finely  granulated,  never  regularly  oval,  and  always  emarginule, 


I-  i 

1.  ,1 


'I 


}h 


'f 


fil! 

I'ik 

I 
I 

"it- 

i  f.:, 

i 


m 

Ifi 


U 


I 


t<4 


(oi.r.orTRiiA  or  noutii  amkhica. 


thdiigh  ill  Hoinr>  of  the  HpceicH  of  tlio  sccoiid  j^roiip  viTy  Hli^htly 
ho  ;  llic  ii(M;k  is  not  very  hIcihUt  ;  tin'  liiiiil  roxiu  iiro  iinirly  coii- 
tifj^iMUH,  tlic  iiit(>r*'oxiil  proiM'SH  liciii^  very  huiuII  utiU  ueulu. 
The  ((I'lHTU  iiidicatu  tlirei'  groups  ; — 

(MitwH  olttft  to  tlut  liikXH.  ■  Nkmatopm. 

CliiwN  Hli^litly  (liliitfil  lit  till)  liiiHo,  Ki'KYdKMi. 

Cluws  witli  u  bruud  buHiil  lodth.  1'kuili. 

Oronp  I.— Nematopll. 

Ni'matopluH  oolhmn  liCC,  n  sloiiilcr  Itliiclt  insect  with  a  roddJHh- 
yollow  thoriix,  alone  const  it  iitos  this  group;  the  niiindililuM  arc 
acutely  cnnirgiiiate  at  tip  ;  the  epistonui  is  not  Kepiirate  from  tlie 
front;  the  nnixiliary  paii*!  are  luit  feebly  ililated  ;  the  middle  co.xie 
are  distinctly  s<>parated  ;  the  altdomen  of  the  male  lias  six  veiilriil 
segtneiitH,  the  fifth  being  cmarginatu  ;  the  tarsi  arc  entirely  lili- 
form,  and  the  claws  are  cleft  to  the  base,  as  in  Stenotrachelus. 

The  Insect  is  very  rare,  and  is  found  in  the  Xorthwesteni  States. 

(Iroup  II.— Burygenil. 
Elongate  insects  clothed  with  gray  jmltescence ;  the  mandibles 
are  Itroailly  truncate  at  tip  ;  the  epistoimi  is  not  separate  from  the 
front ;  the  maxillary  palpi  are  eonsiderably  diluted  ;  the  middle 
coxio  are  very  slightly  separated  ;  the  al»(lomen  in  both  sexes  lia.s 
but  five  ventral  segments;  the  anterior  tarsi  are  somewhat  di- 
lated, and  the  penultimate  joint  of  all  is  bilubed  ;  the  claws  uro 
very  slightly  diluted  at  base. 

Last  joint  of  mnxilliiry  palpi  liroad,  sncuriforni.  ErnYnKNU'H. 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  long,  cultrifonn.  Stkiikoi-ai.I'Ch. 

The  three  species  of  the  first  genus  differ  in  the  form  of  the 
eyes;  in  E.  WihUi  Lee.  they  are  dcei)ly  emarginate,  in  the  Cali- 
f(trnian  E.  condrivtun  Lee.  slightly,  and  in  E.  mun'nux  scarcely 
at  all  eraarginate.  Those  of  the  second  genus  liave  the  eyes  very 
slightly  emargiuate ;  in  both  the  eyes  are  less  finely  gruuulated 
than  in  the  first  and  third  groups. 

Group  III.— PedlU. 
This  gronp  consists  of  but  a  single  genus,  Pcdilns,  represented 
by  several  species  in  the  Atlantic,  and  one  in  the  Pacific  district. 
They  are  prettily  colored  insects,  with  the  thorax  globose,  polished, 
and  usually  yellow ;  in  the  males  the  tips  of  the  elytra  arc  con- 
vex and  polished,  resembling  somewhat  a  vesicle.  ' 


«'  ij 


ANTIIKIIi.vr.. 


2r,r) 


Tlif  trmiitlililcs  am  IniiifiiU) ;  tlic  f|iiHtoi)m  HcpiiratfMl  froiii  the 
front  liy  11  triuisvi'r«it!  siitiiri';  tlic  iiiiixillnry  |inl|ii  I'nlily  tlilalid  ; 
tlu*  iiiiildic  <'(i\ii!  iin;  fiuili^'iiDiis  ;  tin*  nliiluiiirii  of  tli(>  iniilr  Im-^ 
Hix  <listitirt  vciitnil  Nc)j^iiit>iit.s  ;  the  |H'iiiiltiiiiiil«  Jnint  nf  tlio  tarsi 
is  IhIoImmI,  uihI  tlio  I'luws  iiro  stidilciily  dilatuil  ul  Itase  liitn  u 
liroud  tdolh. 

Tril>u  ll.-%VI.OI>IIIM\l. 

A  fi'w  small  spccicH,  foiind  nii  jcuvcs  aiiij  lluwcrs,  arc  conlaiiii'd 
ill  this  trilx'  ;  lliry  liiivf  nitircly  liic  I'nriii  and  ai>|K'araiin'  hI'sik'- 
elcH  of  AiitliiciiH,  l)iit  ur«  known  at  once  l»y  tlm  •'iiiar>fiiial«',  liairy, 
und  roarscly  ffrannlalcd  cyL's.  None  have  yet  been  rMiind  in  the 
J'aeilii!  district. 

Tin;  head  is  iiiiieh  defle.ved,  iiiid  eoiistrietol  iniiiKMJinti'ly  lii'hind 
the  eyes;  tiie  e|»isloiiia  is  separate  from  the  front;  tlic  in-ck  is 
very  Hiiiiill ;  the  lust  Joint  of  tlie  maxillary  palpi  is  larf(<>  and 
Keciiriforni ;  the  middle  eoxtu  are  coiiti^^iious ;  the  hind  eoxiu  are 
nearly  eontiffiioiis,  the  iiitereoxal  process  lieiiitf  very  small  ;  the 
lirsl  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  is  exlremdy  long;  the  peiiulliniale 
joint  Ih  bilohed,  and  the  claws  arc  simple. 

One  speeies,  X  Milahrimeri  Lee.,  is  remarkahle  for  the  antenna' 
«)f  the  male  ltein>;  llalicllate  ;  in  another  species,  A'.  Iidsttli.^  Ia'v., 
the  last  joint  of  the  antcniue  is  considerahly  longer  than  the 
others.  I  do  not  feel  certain  that  these  shuulU  be  regarded  as 
generic  diHereiices. 

Tribe  III.-I*f.4<'ltATRIIXI. 

Two  very  narrow,  brown,  pubescent  Kpeeies  of  Mucrutria  are 
found  in  the  Atlantic  States,  on  flowers  and  leaves. 

The  head  is  deflexed,  constricted  far  behind  the  eyes,  which 
are  oval,  and  not  at  all  emarginate,  sonu-what  coarsely  graniiluled, 
and  slightly  hairy;  the  neck  is  very  small ;  the  epistoina  is  not 
separate  from  the  front;  the  maxillary  palpi  are  compressed  and 
diluted,  with  the  last  joint  largo  and  securiform  ;  the  last  three 
joints  of  the  antcnnie  are  longer  than  the  others  ;  the  middle  coxte 
are  distinctly  sejjarated  ;  the  hind  coxie  are  nearly  contiguous;  the 
intercoxal  process  of  the  abdomen  is  very  small  and  acute  ;  the 
first  joint  is  longer  than  the  others,  and  the  sixth  is  visible  in  the 
male  ;  the  penultimate  joint  nf  the  tarsi  is  bilobed  ;  the  first  joint 
of  the  hind  tarsi  is  very  long  ;  the  claws  are  suddenly  and  broadly 
dilated  at  base. 


M 


,  I 


<•;; 


;«    I 


1  .- 


I"!, 


2G6 


COLEOPTEBA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Tribe  IV.-AIVTHICIIVI. 

Head  dcflexed,  constricted  behind  the  eyes,  which  are  rcji^ularly 
oval,  ai»d  rather  coarsely  granulated  ;  the  epistoraa  is  not  separate 
from  the  front ;  the  neck  is  very  small ;  the  mandibles  are  eniar- 
ginate  at  tip ;  the  last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  is  moierately 
dilated  ;  the  middle  coxce  are  nearly  contiguous  in  other  g(!nera, 
but  absolutely  so  in  Tanarthrus ;  the  hind  coxae  are  moderately 
separated  ;  the  intercoxal  process  is  acute  at  tip,  except  in  For- 
micomus,  where  it  is  broad  and  obtuse  ;  the  ventral  segments  are 
five  in  both  sexes  ;  the  penultimate  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  bilobed  in 
our  genera,  and  the  claws  are  simple. 

Our  genera  are  : — 

Antennce  with  the  11th  joint  equal  to  the  10th  ; 

Thorax  prolonged  over  the  head  into  a  horn.  Notoxus. 

Thorax  not  prolonged  over  the  liead ; 

Antennae  moniliform  ;  thighs  thickened.  Tomoderus. 

Antenna)  not  moniliform ; 

Body  without  wings  ;  humeral  angles  rounded.  Formicomus. 

Body  winged  ;  humeral  angles  distinut.  Anthicus. 

11th  joint  of  antenniB  elongated,  almost  divided  into  two.     Tanartuhus. 

The  species  are  numerous ;  the  genera,  except  Tanarthrus,  are 
represented  on  the  Atlantic  district,  but  thus  far  no  species  of 
Tomoderus  has  occurred  in  the  Pacific  region.  The  differences 
between  the  second,,  third,  and  fourth  genera  seem  to  me  rather 
indefinite.  Tanarthrus,  besides  the  elongated  11th  joint  of  the 
antennae,  and  contiguous  middle  coxae,  is  farther  remarkable  for 
having  the  elytra  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  and  subtruncate  at 
the  extremity.  The  genus  contains  but  two  species,  from  the 
Colorado  Desert,  one  of  which,  T.  saliniis  Lee,  flies  and  runs  on 
salt  mud,  after  the  manner  of  a  Cicindela.  The  species  of  Notoxus 
live  on  flowers  and  leaves  ;  those  of  Anthicus  are  very  numerous  ; 
some  are  found  on  plants,  but  the  greater  number  live  near  the 
margin  of  water,  especially  in  sandy  localities. 


Fam.  lix.— pyrochroidae. 


Mentum  trapezoidal,  narrowed  in  front,  supported  by  a 
large  gular  process ;  ligula  large,  prominent,  bilobed,  lubiul 
palpi  3-joiutod. 


PTROCIlKOiDAE. 


2<a 


Maxillae  with  large  exposed  base,  and  two  corneous  ciliated 
lobes;  palpi  4-jointed,  moderately  dilated. 

Uead  somewhat  inclined,  strongly  constricted  a  short  dis- 
tance behind  the  eyes,  which  are  emarginute  and  not  lincly 
granulated,  and  sometimes  very  large;  neck  not  very  slender. 
received  in  the  thorax ;  labrum  prominent ;  mandibles  short, 
emarginate  at  tip. 

Antennae  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  front  just  before  the 
eyes,  11-jointed ;  serrate  or  subpectinate  {<),  and  ramose  (J); 
•rarely  (Eupleurida)  nearly  filiform. 

Prothorax  narrower  than  the  elytra  at  base,  lateral  suture 
completely  wanting;  anterior  coxal  cavities  widely  open  be- 
hind, confluent. 

Mesosternum  pointed  behind;  side  pieces  attaining  the 
coxal  cavities,  which  are  confluent;  metasternum  long,  side 
pieces  narrow. 

Elytra  wider  than  the  abdomen,  rounded  at  tip ;  epipleunu 
almost  wanting,  visible  only  near  the  base. 

Abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments ;  the  5th  in  the 
male  is  emarginate,  and  the  6th  is  visible. 

Legs  rather  long ;  anterior  coxa3  large,  conical,  contiguous ; 
middle  coxae  conical,  contiguous,  with  distinct  trochuutiu; 
hind  coxae  oblique,  transverse,  slightly  separated ;  tibial  spui-.s 
small;  anterior  and  middle  tarsi  5-jointed;  hind  tarsi  4- 
jointed ;  the  penultimate  joint  is  dilated  and  somewhat  pro- 
longed beneath ;  the  claws  are  simple. 

A  few  insects,  from  one-third  to  three-fourths  of  an  ineli  long, 
are  comprised  in  this  family ;  our  species  live  under  baric,  and 
several  are  conspicuous  for  the  rufous  thorax,  which  contrasts 
with  the  black  head  and  elytra. 

The  genera  are  four  from  the  Atlantic  States,  of  which  Dcn- 
droides  is  also  represented  in  Russian  America  : — 

Eyes  moderate  in  size,  distant ; 

AntennjB  simple.  Ecpleueida. 

Antennae  serrate  or  ramose ; 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  long,  cultriform.  Pyrochroa. 

Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  long,  oval.  Schizotus. 

Eyes  very  large,  sometimes  nearly  contiguous.  Dbndkoides. 

The  branches  of  the  male  antcnnie  are  rigid  in  Pyrochroa,  and 
very  slender  and  flexible  in  Dcndroides ;  in  Schizotus  they  are  of 
an  intermediate  form,  and  somewhat  flexible.  ' 

Eupleurida  is  founded  on  a  very  remarkable  insect,  E.  costata 
Lee,  from  the  Southern  States.    It  is  of  a  testaceous  color  (  2  uuc. 


I 


it 


869 


COLEOPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


long),  with  the  head  black,  the  front  retuse ;  the  thorax  is  semi- 
circular, with  the  sides  thickened  and  reflexed,  and  the  middle 
strongly  carinate  ;  this  carina  is  prolonged  into  a  point  at  the 
base.  The  elytra  are  elongate  oval,  very  coarsely  punctured, 
flattened  on  the  back,  with  a  very  strong  ridge  running  from  the 
humerus  nearly  to  the  tip,  and  another  very  near  the  margin 
from  near  the  base  to  the  tip  itself,  thus  causing  the  ajtpearance 
of  distinct  epipleurie  ;  the  elytra  are  dusky,  with  a  long  lateral  spot 
and  the  tip  pale.  The  consistence  of  the  body  is  tinner  than  in 
the  other  genera  of  the  family,  but  I  cannot  perceive  any  struc- 
tural difference  of  importance  except  the  form  of  the  antennae, 
which  are  not  very  slender,  but  cylindrical ;  the  2d  joint  is  one- 
half  as  long  as  the  third  ;  the  last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  is 
large  and  securiform  ;  the  eyes  are  distant  and  moderate  in  size. 

Fam.  lx.— meloidae. 


Mentum  trapezoidal,  supported  by  a  large  gular  process ; 
ligula  prominent,  labial  palpi  3-jointed. 

Maxillic  Avitli  two  corneous  ciliated  lobes,  the  outer  one 
in  some  Nemognatbini  very  long  and  filiform ;  tbe  inner  one 
gometimes  very  small ;  palpi  4-jointed. 

Head  mucb  inclined,  suddenly  constricted  far  behind  the 
eyes  into  a  small  neck,  which  is  not  entirely  received  into 
the  prothorax;  eyes  variable  in  form,  finely  granulated;  la- 
brum  prominent ;  mandibles  usually  not  extending  beyond 
the  labrum,  frequently  entire  at  tip,  frequently  armed  with  a 
small  subapical  tooth,  rarely  (Phodaga)  cmarginate  at  tip. 

Antennas  11 -jointed  in  our  genera,  inserted  (except  in 
Phodaga)  at  the  sides  of  the  front,  before  the  eyes. 

Prothorax  narrower  at  base  than  the  elytra,  lateral  suture 
completely  obliterated;  prosternum  short;  coxal  cavities 
large,  confluent,  widely  open  behind. 

Mesosternum  short,  triangular,  side  pieces  attaining  the 
coxal  cavities,  which  are  confluent ;  metasternum  very  short 
in  the  first  tribe,  generally  long  in  the  second. 

Elytra  variable  in  form,  but  when  short  never  truncate : 
epipleurae  not  well  defined. 

Abdomen  with  six  free  ventral  segments. 

Legs  long,  anterior  and  middle  coxa)  large,  conical,  con- 
tiguous; hind  coxfo  transverse,  prominent,  more  or  less  con- 
cave beneath,  nearly  contiguous ;  tibial  spurs  distinct,  those 


1 


MELOIPAE. 


2r.9 


of  the  hind  tihifo  frequently  differing  in  size  and  form ;  an- 
terior ami  middle  tarsi  5-juinted  ;  hind  tarsi  4-jointed  ;  penul- 
timate Joint  almost  always  eylindrieal ;  claws  usually  divided 
at  the  base,  witli  the  inlerior  portion  very  slender ;  rarely  not 
divided,  and  then  armed  with  a  large  tooth. 

This  family  contains  species  of  moderate  or  large  size  found  on 
plants ;  they  are  mostly  of  a  soft  consistence,  and  are  remarkable 
for  secreting  a  peculiar  principle,  cantharidine,  from  whicii  they 
derive  the  blistering  power,  which  causes  them  to  be  used  in 
medicine. 

They  are  equally  remarkable  in  the  development  of  the  larva, 
which  assumes  successively  several  forms,  in  the  lirst  of  which  it  is 
a  very  small  active  I'cdiculus-like  parasite  infesting  bees  of  ditl'er- 
ent  genera. 

Two  triljcs,  first  properly  recognized  by  Lacordairc  are  thus 

separated. 

isiilt!  piect's  of  meso-  and  metatliorax  covered  by  the  elytra.  Miii.oini. 

bide  pieces  of  meso-  aud  metallioiux  visible.  Lvn'i.M. 


i 


1  If 

'Pi 
II  if 


1^ 


M 


Tribe  I.— MEL.OI.\I. 

The  insects  composing  this  tribe  are  without  wings;  the  elytra 
are  frecpicntly  much  .shorter  than  the  abdomen,  and  in  one  genus 
are  imbricated,  or  overlap  at  the  suture  ;  the  metasternum  is  very 
short,  so  that,  except  in  llenous,  the  middle  coxa)  extend  partly 
over  the  hind  coxa; ;  the  side  pieces  of  the  meso-  and  metathorax 
arc  entirely  covered  by  the  elytra  ;  the  claws  are  sometimes  armed 
with  a  tooth,  sometimes  cleft  to  the  base  ;  in  this  case  the  upj)er 
portion  is  never  pectinate,  as  in  certain  genera  of  the  next  tribe. 
The  frontal  suture  is  distinct,  and  the  front  is  prolonged  before 
the  insertion  of  the  antenna). 

Our  genera  are  : — 

Elytra  sliort,  imbricated;  claws  cleft.  Meloe. 
Elytra  not  imbricated  ;  claws  armed  with  a  tooth  ; 

Elytra  mucli  shorter  than  tlie  abilonieii,  diverging.  Mkoetra. 

Elytra  connate,  larger  than  the  abdomen.  Cvstkodemu.m, 

Elytra  subconnate  ;  claws  cleft.  He.nous. 

Meloe  is  generally  diffused,  and  is  the  only  genus  represented 
on  the  Eastern  Continent ;  llenous  is  found  from  Kansas  to  Texas ; 
Cysteodemus  in  Arizona  and  Colorado  Desert ;  the  genus  Megc- 
tra  Lee.  (Arcana  natura>,  1,127)  is  founded  upon  Meloe  caiwcl- 
latus  Er.,  and  Ci/stcodemus  viltatus  Lee,  which  occur  in  New 


'•lit 
it 


I 


'.'  -r 


270 


COLEOrXERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Mexico  and   Arizona.     I  formerly  considered  these  species  as 
constituting  a  section  of  Cysteodenius. 

Tribe  II.-I,YTTIMI. 

Body  generally  winged  ;  elytra,  in  our  genera,  not  shorter  than 
the  abdomen,  entirely  closing  together  along  the  suture  ;  meta- 
sternum  long  (except  in  Aptcrosi)asta) ;  middle  coxoj  not  over- 
lapping the  hind  coxre ;  side  pieces  of  meso-  and  metathorax 
plai;ily  visible,  not  covered  by  the  elytra ;  claws  generally  cleft 
to  the  base,  the  upper  portion  sometimes  pectinate  ;  very  rarely 
they  are  armed  with  a  tooth. 

Subtribes  may  be  separated  as  follows ; — 

Front  not  prolonged  Iwyomi  the  base  of  the  antennffl.  Horiini. 
Front  prolonged  ;  frontal  suture  very  distinct ; 

Mandibles  prolonged,  acute.  Nemoonathini. 

Mandibles  obtuse,  short.  Lytxim. 

Sub-Tribe  I.-Horiini. 

Head  large,  squarely  truncate  behiiul ;  front  without  suture, 
scarcely  extending  beyond  the  insertion  of  the  antcnnaj,  which 
are  not  very  long,  and  not  thickened  towards  the  extremity  ;  the 
eyes  are  transverse,  and  subreniforra;  the  mandibles  extend  be- 
yond the  labrum,  and  in  some  males  of  foreign  species  are  quite 
large  ;  the  lobes  of  the  maxillte  are  not  elongated,  and  the  palpi 
are  not  dilated  ;  the  claws  of  the  tarsi  are  cleft  to  the  base,  the 
upper  portion  is  finely  pectinate,  the  lower  one  is  very  slender ; 
the  tarsi  are  clothed  with  stiff  hairs  or  bristles  beneath. 

Three  species  are  known  in  our  fauna:  one  without  wings, 
JTui'ia  sanijuinipennis  Say,  from  the  Northern  and  Middle  States, 
and  two  winged  species  from  the  vicinity  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains. They  all  belong  to  the  genus  Tricrania  Lee,  which  is 
distinguished  from  the  foreign  genera  by  the  last  joint  of  the 
maxillary  palpi  being  longer  than  the  3d,  and  by  the  triangular 
head. 

Sub-Tribo  II.— Nemof^athiiii. 

Head  triangular,  squarely  truncate  behind  (except  in  Gnathium) ; 
front  with  distinct  transverse  suture,  prolonged  beyond  the  inser- 
tion of  the  antennae,  which  are  filiform  or  very  slightly  thickened 
externally ;  the  eyes  are  transverse,  rarely  (Gnathium)  oval  and 
oblique  ;  the  mandibles  are  acute  at  tip  and  extend  beyond  the 
labrum  ;  the  outer  lobe  of  the  maxilla)  is  generally  prolonged  into 


MELOIDAE. 


m 


a  slender,  flexible  proccHs,  sometimes  nearly  us  lonjr  as  the  body ; 
the  maxillary  palpi  are  not  dilated,  and  the  last  joint  is  longer 
than  the  preceding  ;  the  daws  of  the  iavA  are  cleft  to  the  base, 
tiie  upper  portion  is  strongly  pectinate,  the  lower  one  e((ual  in 
length,  acute,  and  generally  mure  slender  than  the  upper ;  the 
tarsi  are  clothed  with  stilf  hairs  beneath 

The  serrature  of  the  upper  part  of  the  claws  is  not  sufficient 
by  itself  to  separate  this  from  the  next  sub-tribe,  since  in  it  there 
are  certain  foreign  genera,  scarcely  to  be  distinguished  in  appear- 
ance from  Lytta,  in  which  the  upper  part  of  the  cluws  is  (juitc 
distinctly  serrate  ;  but  in  my  opinion  the  marked  dilVerence  in 
appearance  produced  by  the  triangular  head,  which  is  usually 
applied  more  closely  than  in  liytta  to  the  square  prothorax  and 
especially  the  more  prominent  and  acute  mandibles,  evince  the 
propriety  of  separating  the  three  genera  below  mentioned  from 
those  contained  in  the  next  sub-tribe. 

Maxillie  with  tlie  outer  lobe  prolonged,  setaceous  ; 

Antennse  not  thickened  externally.  NKMOosATnA. 

Antennae  thicker  towards  the  tip.  G.natiiium. 

Maxillae  with  the  outer  lobe  not  prolonged.  Zonitis. 

The  species  of  Nemognatha  differ  like  those  of  Lytta  in  the 
size  and  shape  of  the  spurs  of  the  hind  tibite  ;  in  Gnathium,  the 
prothorax  instead  of  being  scpiare,  as  in  the  other  two  genera, 
is  gradually  narrowed  in  front,  but,  as  if  to  balance  this  approach 
towards  the  next  sub-tribe,  the  maudibles  are  still  longer  and 
more  acute  than  in  Nemognatha. 

Sub-Tribe  III.— Lyttini  (gemiini). 
Head  variable  in  form ;  front  with  a  very  distinct  trnnsvorse 
suture,  prolonged  beyond  the  insertion  of  the  antenna; ;  the  eyes 
are  transverse  and  subrcniform,  except  in  Phodnga,  where  they 
are  regularly  oval ;  the  antenmc  are  variable  in  form,  but  inserted 
in  front  of  the  eyes,  except  in  Phodaga  and  Eupomplia,  where 
they  are  situated  between  the  eyes  ;  the  mandibles  are  thick,  and 
obtuse,  rarely  (Phodaga)  emarginate  at  tip ;  the  palpi  vary  in 
form ;  the  lobes  of  the  maxilla;  are  not  prolonged  ;  the  claws  of 
the  tarsi  are  usually  cleft  to  the  base  ;  the  u[)por  part  is  not  ser- 
rate in  our  genera,  and  the  under  part  is  usually  c(|ual  in  length 
to  the  upper  one  ;  in  Phodaga,  Eupompha,  Tegrodera,  the  under 
portion  is  connate  with  the  upper  one,  and  only  half  as  long. 


ft 


I 

Hi 


i 


I 

0 


V. 


m 
m 


2(2  COLEOPTERA  OF  NOUTII  AMERICA. 

Four  natural  groups  appear  to  exist  among  our  genera  : — 

Vertex  not  elevated  ; 

2(1  joint  of  antenn.-e  long.  Mackoiiahes. 

2(1  joint  of  anteiiiiiu  niueh  shorter  than  the  3J.  Lytt«. 
Vertex  elevated  ;  2d  joint  of  antenme  small ; 

Mandible!)  obtuse.  Edpomph*. 

Mandibles  euiargiuate.  PuouAUiC. 

Gronp  I.—Macrobases. 

I  have  separated  as  a  distinct  grouj)  the  species  inchuled  in 
Lytta  division  C.  of  my  synopsis.*  Tlic  genernl  api)earance  of 
the  si)ceies,  and  the  remarkai)le  sexual  chnnu'lers  impressed  on 
the  antennffi  evidence  the  correctness  of  the  view  here  taken. 

The  eyes  are  strongly  transverse  and  broadly  eniargiinite  ;  the 
antennfc  are  inserted  in  front  of  the  eyes  ;  the  first  joint  is  usually 
much  elongated,  especially  in  the  males,  frequently  compressed 
and  bent  in  that  sex  ;  the  sectnid  joint  is  larger  in  the  males  than 
in  the  females,  and  is  generally  longer  than  the  third,  sometimes 
mucli  longer,  but  in  Aptcrospasta  the  second  is  a  little  shorter 
than  the  third  ;  the  vertex  is  not  elevated  ;  the  hist  joint  of  the 
maxillary  palpi  is  triangular  and  obli(niely  truncate  ;  the  mandi- 
bles are  thick  and  obtuse,  with  a  snniU  tooth  near  the  apex.  The 
anterior  thighs  have  a  sericeous  spot  of  hair  on  the  under  surface. 
The  spurs  of  the  hind  tibia)  are  always  slender  and  the  divisions 
of  the  claws  e<pial ;  the  tarsi  are  pubescent  beneath. 

Two  genera  are  separated  as  follows  : — 

Body  without  wings  ;  metasternnm  short.  Aptekospasta. 

Body  winged  ;  metasternum  long.  Macrobasis. 

Aptcrospasta  approaches  to  Ilenous  of  the  first  tribe  of  this 
family  ;  it  contains  two  species,  Lytta  valida  Lee.  and  L.  scy- 
vu'nla(ta)  Say,  found  in  Texas  and  Nebraska.  ]\lacrobasis  con- 
tains several  species  found  in  the  Atlantic  and  Central  districts; 
none  have  yet  occurred  in  the  regions  adjoining  the  racilic. 

Group  II. — Lyttae, 
The  eyes  are  transverse  and  broadly  emarginate  ;  the  antenna; 
are  inserted  in  front  of  the  eyes,  with  the  second  joint  much 
shorter  than  the  third,  and  except  in  IMeuropompha,  very  small ; 
they  are  sometimes  filiform,  sometimes  with  the  outer  joints  larger 
and  rounded ;  the  vertex  is  not  elevated  ;  the  last  joint  of  the 


*  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  Phila.,  VI.  331. 


i 


MELOIDAE. 


2»»o 


maxillary  palpi  is  broadly  rounded  at  tip ;  the  mandibles  are 
truncate,  and  have  a  small  tooth  near  the  apex ;  the  spurs  of  the 
hind  tibia}  are  variable  ia  form ;  the  divisions  of  the  claws  of  the 
tarsi  are  usually  equal ;  in  Calospusta  ti>e  under  one,  tliougii 
separate,  is  shorter,  and  in  Tegrodera,  the  under  one  is  shorter, 
and  connate  with  the  upper ;  the  tarsi  arc  pubescent  beneath. 
Our  genera  may  be  thus  arranged  : — 

PenuUimatu  joint  of  tarsi  bilobed.  .  Tbtbaonyx. 

Peuultimate  Joint  of  tarsi  cyliudrical ; 
Lower  portion  of  claws  equal  to  the  upper,  and  separate ; 
Anterior  thighs  with  a  serioeous  spot ;  (antenna)  filiform)  ; 
2d  joint  of  ant.  eqnal  to  half  the  3d  ;  elytra  costate.  I'LEi-nopoMPn  a, 
2d  joint  of  antennie  very  short ;  elytra  even.  KrioAUTA. 

Anterior  thighs  without  a  sericeous  hniry  spot ; 

Antennne  filiform,  outer  joints  cylindrical.  Pybota. 

AntcnuiP  thicker  externally,  outer  joints  oval  or  rounded  ; 

Labrum  deeply  emargiuate.  Pompuopiba. 

Labrum  slightly  emarginate.  Lytia. 

Lower  portion  of  claws  shorter  than  the  upper,  connate ; 

Labrum  not  emarginate  ;  body  pub<!sceut.  Calospasta. 

Labrum  emarginate  ;  body  glabrous.  Teokodeka. 

The  form  of  the  spurs  of  the  hind  tibiae  varies  greatly  in  Lytta. 
In  Pyrota  and  Pomphopcea  the  outer  spur  is  obtuse,  and  the  inner 
acute.  In  Pleuropompha,  Epicauta,  Calospasta,  and  Tegrodera, 
both  spurs  are  acute.  Lytta  and  Epicauta  are  found  on  both 
sides  of  the  continent ;  Pomphopcea  and  Tetraonyx  are  confined 
to  the  Atlantic  States.  Calospasta  contains  but  one  species, 
^jMcaw/a  eiegrans  Lee,  and  Tegrodera  but  one  large  and  beau- 
tiful species,  T.  erosa  Lee,  both  from  California.  Pleuropompha 
is  founded  upon  Lytta  cosfata  Lee,  from  New  Mexico. 

Though  there  is  much  difiTerence  between  the  various  species 
Lytta  in  the  form  of  the  outer  joints  of  the  antenna),  which  are 
quite  transverse  in  some  and  elongate  in  others,  the  entirely 
cylindrical  shapo,  which  renders  the  antennie  of  Epicauta  Oliform, 
is  not  assumed. 

The  sexual  characters  are  remarkable  in  some  of  the  species ; 
thus,  in  the  male  of  Lytta  Nuttalli,  the  trochanters  of  the  hind 
legs  are  armed  with  a  spine ;  in  the  male  of  Pyrota  mylahrina 
and  insulaia  the  last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  is  ovate,  broadly 
transverse,  and  flattened,  with  the  under  surface  concave  and 
spongy.  The  anteause  of  the  male  of  Fleurojjompha  codata  Lee. 
18 


if 


1 

! 


\\ 


274 


COLEOPTEBA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


are  longer  than  those  of  the  female,  and  the  difference  is  canscd 
by  the  elongation  of  the  third,  fourth,  and  tifth  joints,  which  thus 
become  more  than  twice  as  lon^r  as  any  uf  the  fulluwing  ones. 

Oronp  III.— Bupomphae. 

A  single  New  Mexican  species,  Eupompha  Jissiceps  Lee,  is 
known  to  me ;  it  has  the  shape  of  Lytta,  with  tlie  thorax  and 
elytra  metallic  bluish-green,  the  head  and  legs  yellow,  the  cl^Lra 
reticulated,  and  the  head  divided  by  a  very  deep  groove. 

The  eyes  are  oval  and  oblique ;  the  antenusB  are  filiform,  with 
the  second  joint  very  short,  and  are  inserted  between  the  eyes ; 
the  vertex  is  elevated,  obtusely  rounded,  and  deeply  cleft ;  the 
last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  is  oval ;  the  mandibles  are  obtuse, 
with  a  Bubapical  tooth ;  the  anterior  thighs  have  no  sericeous 
spot ;  the  outer  spur  of  the  hind  tibia)  is  obtuse ;  the  tarsi  are 
pubescent  beneath  ;  the  claws  are  not  serrate,  the  under  portion 
is  about  one-third  shorter  than  the  upper,  and  connate  with  it. 

In  the  male  the  first  three  joints  of  the  front  tarsi  are  very  much 
swelled,  and  very  convex  beneath,  and  deeply  excavated  above. 


I    . 


Group  IV.— Phodagae. 

Like  the  preceding,  this  group  contains  but  a  single  species, 
Phodaga  alliceps  Lee,  from  Arizona ;  it  is  entirely  black,  and 
finely  pubescent. 

The  eyes  are  oval  and  longitudinal ;  the  antennse  are  not  longer 
than  the  head,  inserted  between  the  eyes,  and  filiform,  with  the 
second  joint  very  short ;  the  last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  is 
oval ;  the  labial  palpi  appear  subulate,  the  last  joint  being  cylin- 
drical, not  shorter  than  the  penultimate,  which  is  triangular ;  the 
mandibles  are  deeply  emarginate  at  tip  ;  the  head  behind  the  eyes 
is  conical,  and  the  vertex  is  very  prominent ;  the  anterior  thighs 
have  no  sericeous  spot ;  the  spurs  of  the  hind  tibisD  are  long, 
slender,  and  acute  ;  the  tarsi  are  spinous  beneath ;  the  claws  are 
not  serrate,  the  under  portion  is  about  one-third  shorter  than  the 
upper,  and  connate  with  it. 

The  male  in  my  collection  has  only  one  leg  of  the  middle  pair 
preserved ;  in  it  the  tibia  is  dilated,  and  deeply  longitudinally 
excavated  on  the  inner  face. 


'  r 


BniPIPnORIDAB. 


215 


I 


'      Fam.  LXI.— IlHIPIPHOmDAE. 

Mentum  trapezoidal,  supported  by  a  gular  process ;  ligula 
membranous,  prominent,  frequently  bilobed;  labial  palpi 
o-jointed. 

Maxillas  with  prominent  base,  and  two  lobes,  which  are 
connate  at  base,  the  inner  one  sometimes  atrophied ;  maxil- 
lary palpi  4-jointed,  not  dilated. 

Ilead  vertical,  affixed  to  the  prothorax  by  a  very  slender 
neck,  which  is  entirely  contained  in  the  prothorax;  vertex 
usually  elevated ;  eyes  large,  very  finely  granulated,  except 
in  the  first  tribe;  mandibles  not  emarginate  at  tip,  entirely 
corneous,  without  any  membranous  border  on  the  inner 
margin ;  labrum  prominent. 

Antennui  11-jointed  (10-jointed  in  certain  females),  pecti- 
nate or  flabellate  in  the  males,  frequently  serrate  in  the 
females. 

Prothorax  as  large  as  the  elytra  at  the  base,  much  narrowed 
in  front,  lateral  suture  wanting  (in  our  genera) ;  coxal  cavi- 
ties large,  open  behind,  confluent. 

Mesosternum  short,  declivous,  separating  the  coxae;  side 
pieces  very  wide,  attaining  the  coxaj;  metastcrnum  large; 
side  pieces  narrow  in  the  first,  wide  with  large  epimeru  in 
the  other  tribes. 

Elytra  rarely  covering  the  abdomen,  usually  narrowed 
behind,  and  dehiscent,  sometimes  (Myodites)  very  small ; 
rarely  (Rhipidius)  wanting  in  the  female,  in  which  case  tho 
wings  are  also  wanting,  and  the  body  is  larviform. 

Abdomen  with  free  segments,  variable  in  number. 

Legs  generally  long ;  anterior  coxxe  large,  conical,  conti- 
guous, without  trochantin,  overlying  the  middle  coxao,  which 
are  transverse  or  oblique,  usually  slightly  separated,  without 
trochantins;  hind  coxai  transverse,  lamellate,  contiguous; 
spurs  of  tibiae  usually  distinct;  tarsi  filiform,  anterior  and 
middle  ones  5-jointed,  hind  ones  4-jointed ;  claws  pectinate 
or  toothed,  rarely  simple. 

The  perfect  insects  are  found  on  flowers ;  the  larvae  of  the 
second  tribe  are  known  to  be  parasitic  on  Ilymenopterous,  and. 
those  of  the  fourth  on  Orthopterous  insects. 

Four  tribes  are  thus  distinguished  : — 

Elytra  as  long  as  the  abdomeu,  not  dehiscent.  Evakioceriki 


li 


W 


i 


^r 


276 


COI,EOPTKKA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Elytra  shortflr  than  tho  abdomen  ; 
Oral  orgUDH  p«rf«ct ; 

Millcllu  UUXIH  U0Uti),'U0U8. 

Miildl))  coxa)  wiiU-ly  Heparated. 
Oral  orguus  utrdphifd. 


RiiiriPiiontM. 
Myuihtim, 
RiiinuuM. 


i 


Trilw  I.-Ef  AIVIOrKRI!^!. 

In  this  tribe,  rcproseiitcd  in  our  liiuna  only  by  Pdecotoma  Jh- 
in])es  MoIh.,  from  the  Atlantic  Stales,  tho  oral  organs  are  porfeol; 
tiie  eyes  arc  einarginato,  not  very  finely  granulated,  and  the  an- 
tenniB  are  inserted  before  them  ot  the  sides  of  the  front ;  the 
scutellum  is  not  covered  l)y  the  ba.se  of  the  iirotiidrax  ;  tho  elytra 
arc  as  long  as  tho  abdomen,  and  are  contiguous  along  the  suture  ; 
the  middle  coxic  are  very  slightly  separated  by  the  narrow  meso- 
sternuin  ;  the  epiiuera  of  tho  nietathorax  are  small,  and  the  epi- 
sterna  are  narrow.     There  are  five  ventral  segments. 

The  genera  belonging  to  this  tribe  rosemble  in  form  Mordel- 
lida;,  and  in  one  foreign  genus  (Ctenidia)  the  lateral  margin  of 
the  thora.x  is  well  defined  ;  it  can  be  distinctly  traced  in  our  spe- 
cies. It  is  very  doubtful  whether  this  tribe  should  bo  retained  as 
a  member  of  the  present  family,  but  nothing  is  yet  kuowu  of  the 
habits  of  the  larvu3. 

The  genus  rdeeotoma  is  distinguished  from  foreign  genera  by 
tho  tarsal  claws  being  feebly  bidentate,  and  the  vertex  not  ele- 
vated. 

Tribe  II.— RIIIPIPHORIIVI. 

Oral  organs  perfect ;  eyes  entire,  very  finely  granulated  ;  an- 
tenna) inserted  between  the  eyes  upon  the  front,  biflabellate  in  the 
males,  serrate  in  the  females ;  scutellum  covered  by  a  lobe  of  the 
base  of  tho  prothorax  ;  lateral  suture  of  prothorax  entirely  want- 
ing ;  elytra  not  much  shorter  than  tho  abdomen,  pointed  behind, 
Dot  meeting  closely  along  the  suture;  middle  coxa)  slightly  sepa- 
rated ;  epimera  of  nietathorax  large,  episterna  wide ;  ventral 
segments  five  ;  tarsi  long  ;  claws  bifi''  at  tip. 

Cuneiform  insects  with  coarsely  punctured  and  sparsely  pubes- 
cent surface,  of  varied  colors,  found  \i\)on  ilowers. 

Our  species  all  belong  to  two  genera,  both  having  the  vertex 

very  much  elevated : — 

Labruni  long,  triangular,  maxilla;  prolonged.  MAcnosiAooN. 

Labnim  short,  maxillas  not  prolonged.  Emmenadia. 

No  species  has  yet  occurred  in  the  Pacific  district. 


ii 


STYLOriDAK. 


277 


Tribe  III.-IWYODITIIVI. 

Oral  orpans  perfect ;  lahruni  not  visiltle  ;  oyea  not  pmttrpinntc. 
very  liiu-ly  gniiiuliitcd  ;  anti'iiiia'  insortod  on  llio  front,  insitle  of 
tlie  eyes,  on  a  line  witli  their  anterior  niarKin,  (lubellale  in  both 
sexes,  but  with  the  tenth  and  eleventh  joints  connate  in  the  fe- 
iiialfs  ;  scutellnm  not  covered  by  the  prothorax  ;  lateral  suture  of 
prothorax  entirely  wanting  ;  elytra  very  small,  winj,'s  not  folded  ; 
niiddio  t'ovie  very  widely  sejjarated ;  epinieni  of  nietathorax 
large,  episterna  wide;  ventral  segments  five,  with  the  genital 
hheatli  of  both  sexes  prominent. 

Ono  genus,  Myodites,  is  contained  in  tliis  tribe  ;  it  is  repre- 
sented i)y  several  species  from  the  Atlantic  States;  they  are  found 
on  the  llowers  of  Solidago  in  AuL'ust. 

Tribe  IV.-UIIIl*iniIMI. 

Oral  organs  atrophied ;  eyes  very  large,  finely  grniiulnfed, 
occui)ying  the  greater  part  of  the  head  ;  antennaj  (of  the  males) 
contiguous,  flabellate  ;  prothorax  without  any  trace  of  lateral 
suture  ;  scutcllum  not  covered  by  prothorax;  elytra  short,  pointed, 
dehiscent ;  wings  not  folded  ;  middle  eoxaj  not  widely  separated  ; 
ventral  segments  eight. 

Female  without  elytra  and  wings  ;  larviform. 

No  species  of  llhipidius  has  yet  been  found  in  the  United 
States ;  but  as  Blalta  germanica,  in  which  Jl.  blallarum  is 
parasitic,  1ms  been  introduced,  it  is  proper  that  the  attention  of 
observers  should  be  directed  to  the  discovery  of  its  parasite. 


Fam.  lxil— stylopidae. 

Oral  organs  atrophied,  except  the  mandibles  and  one  pair 
of  palpi. 

Head  large,  transverse,  vertical,  prolonged  at  the  sides, 
forming  a  stout  peduncle,  at  the  end  of  which  are  situated 
the  eyes,  which  are  convex,  and  very  coarsely  granulated. 

Antenna  inserted  on  the  front,  at  the  base  of  the  lateral 
processes  of  the  bead ;  forked  in  our  genera. 

Prothorax  exceedingly  short. 

Mesothorax  short,  bearing  at  each  side  a  slender,  coria- 
ceous, club-shaped  appendage,  with  the. inner  margin  mem- 
branous; this  appendage  represents  the  elytra. 


It! 


COLKOI'TEUA  or  NOKTII  AMRUICA. 


Mtitatliorax  very  largo,  grouUsr  in  bulk  tlian  tlio  rest  of 
tlio  btKly,  with  tho  suturi!s  of  tiiu  (lorsal  piccoH  all  distinct; 
tilt?  itostscutollum  is  conical  and  prolon^^'cd  far  over  the  baso 
of  tho  abdomen;  wings  very  largo,  I'un-shajMul,  with  n  few 
divorging  ncrvuros;  tho  opiniora  arc  very  largo,  and  project 
Luhind  almost  as  far  as  tho  postscutellum. 

Abdomen  small,  with  from  seven  to  nine  segments. 

Legs  short;  anterior  and  miildle  eoxm  cylindrical,  })romi- 
nont;  hind  coxai  very  small,  et)ntiguous,  quadrate;  tibia- 
•without  spurs;  tarsi  without  claws,  joints  each  with  a  mem- 
branous lobo  beneath. 

Females  larvil'urm,  always  contained  in  tho  pupa  caao. 

This  family  contains  a  suiall  numl)cr  uf  spocies  which,  1>y  the 
dofj^ratiation  of  structure  have  lost  all  reseinldancc  ti)  the  other 
meiiilters  of  the  order  Coleoptera.  They  were,  from  the  period 
of  their  discovery  to  within  a  few  years,  considered  as  a  separate 
order,  under  tho  name  Strepsiplera,  hut  a  knowledge  of  tlie 
transforuuitions,  and  a  more  rigid  interpretation  of  the  externa! 
anatomy  has  convinced  nearly  all  systemutists  of  tlie  propriety  of 
placing  them  a  family  of  Coleo|)tera. 

They  arc  [)arasitic  in  the  bodies  of  species  belonging  to  various 
genera  of  aculeate  Hymenoptera ;  tho  comparatively  large  size 
of  these  parasites  causes  a  distortion  of  the  abdomen  of  the  lly- 
nienopteron  affected,  and,  on  close  observation,  the  heads  of  tho 
pupa  cases  may  bo  seen  emerging  between  the  segments.  The 
head  of  tho  pupa  case  of  tho  male  is  convex,  that  of  tho  female  is 
Hat ;  specimens  containing  male  pui)a3  can  be  kept  confined  with 
proj)er  food  until  the  parasite  is  hatched. 

lint  two  genera  are  yet  kaowu  iu  North  America,  In  both  of 
which  the  tarsi  are  4-jointcd. 


Autonnro  with  six  joints. 
Antennu;  with  funr  joints. 


Stylops. 
Xenos. 


Stylops  inhabits  bees  of  the  genus  Andrajna ;  I  have  never 
met  with  specimens.  Xenos  Peckic  'iv"s  in  our  common  wasp 
Polides  fuHcala.  I  have  seen  stylopized  indiviil"al8  of  Odynerus 
quadricomis,  and  of  a  large  species  of  Splox. 

It  is  very  desirable  that  observers  in  tho  United  States  should 
turn  their  attention  to  the  laborious  but  interesting  task  of  col- 
lecting the  species  of  this  family.         , 


INDEX. 


AcANinnrRniNi,  129 
Ac^Hiitliiueriix,  l)i!U 
Arr/ili(inil,  I'l 
Acidi.lii,  70 
Aoiliu!<,  42 
Acli-tiiH,  1U2 
AoiiiiiMxItTii,  166 
Aoie|ii«,  :'()« 
AoritUK,  77 
Acti'iiodi'H,  If) I 
A('jlo|ili(iriiH,  (li 
AdvliiJii,  2;m 
Adri.inini,  2.'<7 
Aduldconi,  lO'l 
Aili'li>|iii,  50 
AdrniiiiH,  65 
AdriiHtii!*,  ir>0 
yKt;iiili»,  127 
AugialileH,  212 

Aeffialitidae,  241 

jKuIus,  168 
Ai'j'Hs,  'Xi 
Ak'iIiub,  41 
Akuoxoiiiii,  'il 
Afi;»lliidiuin,  51 
AgDiiudurux,  32 
AuiiiMNi,  155 
A^rilus,  150 
Afrri»teH,  109 

AUIIYI'NINI,    IC3 

A)?rypnu»,  164 
AInus,  164 
Aleuchiirn,  01 

Al.KUCIIAKINI,  60 

Alindriii,  8H 
Alleuula,  244 
Allaocnemis,  208 
Allonyx,  ISKl 
Allorhinn,  148 
Alobus,  l.'!8 
Alphitobius,  233 
Amnra,  27 
Amblychila,  3 
Ammodonus,  227 
Aniphnsia,  32 
Amphicerug,  208 
Am(.liic,hroum,  70 
AmpliiiToajJus,  84 
Amphicyrtii,  1 1 1 
Amphicyrtini,  111 
Amphidora,  239 


AmpTiixoii,  37 
Amphixoidae,  30 

AiuichiliiK,  175 
AiiiivdtiM,  2.i2 
Anasi'ini,  201 
Aiiiii<piH,  201 
Aniitrii'liiK,  29 
AncliiiKtiis,  167 
Aiicliiiiiiiiin,  IK) 
Ancliytiirnuf,  179 
Ancylocliiru,  152 
Aiicyronyx,  117 
AncyriiplioruH,  09 
Andr.teliiruH,  244 
AncliiHteH,  101 
Anki'siini,  215 
Anepxius,  215 
Aiiiiira,  238 
Anilliix,  30 
Anirtodnctyliifi,  32 
AniiioiiiKrii,  41 
Aiiixotciinn,  51 
Animotduini,  51 
Anobiidao,  202 
Anobiini,  203 
Anubium,  204 
AiKimulii,  142 
Anuniui;los8Ufi,  28 
Anophthalinufi,  35 
AiioruB,  179 
Anthaxiii.  153 
Antheruphugug,  98 
Anthicidac,  202 
Antiiicini,  266 
Anthicus,  266 
Anthohates,  202 
Antbubium,  70 
Anthocomus,  192 
Anthophngus,  70 
Anthrenus,  103 
Apenes,  24 
Aphiniobins,  109 
AphanotuH,  233 
ApiloniiNi,  120 
Aphodiua,  127 
Aphonus,  145 
Apbricus,  173 
Apla.<<tu8,  174 
Apocelliis,  69 
Apocrypba,  217 
Ai'OCBYPHlMI,  217 


ApriiitiiR,  23 
AiMci'lim,  109 
ApHHnu,  22S 
ApternHpuMtn,  272 
ArntMiKvbiiii.i,  217 
Ardi!<liiiniii,  13 
Arlhmiiif,  57 
Arthriinincrn,  246 
AHaplicH,  17 1* 
AiMii.i,  220 
ANolnru,  259 
Axidit,  221 
Aiididae,  218 
Ahidini,  220 

AKpidogloHHIl,    13 

AatrotuH.  221 
Atkim^mini,  124 
AthouH,  170 
Athyreug,  128 
AtiinuliiH,  61 
Atomarirf,  160 
Atomaiiiini,  09 
AtranuH,  28 
AttngonuH,  108 
AtlaliiH,  192 
Auulirn(d)iiiH,  214 
Auloniura,  91 
Axinopalpua,  23 

Raoaniufl,  70 
Uactridiuin,  86 
Uadiater,  27 
Baoocera,  79 
Uaptoliiiug,  65 
BntrisuH,  57 
BatuliuH,  215 
Bel(>nuchu8,  65 
Bembidiini,  35 
Bembidiuin,  30 
Berginux,  105 
BeroBUf,  40 
Betarmun,  160 
Bius,  231 
BladuH,  171 
Blapstinuii,  227 
Blaptini,  225 
Blauta,  166 
BleohruR,  23 
Blediuf,  69 
liUmus,  36 
Blethua,  7 


279 


\' 


280 


INDEX. 


Bolbocernc,  128 

BOLBTUPHAOINI,  235 

Uuletiiphflgus,  230 
Bolito'jiiis,  63 
Bolitochiira,  61 
Horn  IKS,  24 
Bonvouloiria,  102 
Boros,  256 

BoBtrichidae,  206 
BosTiiiciiiNi,  207 
Bostrichug,  208 
BothridereB,  91 
BoTIIItinBRINI,  91 

Bracbinini,  18 
Brochiniis,  18 
Brachycrepis,  167 
Urachyitotns,  188 

BRArHYPTEIlINI,  82 

Brachypterue,  82 
Brachys,  157 
Bradycellus,  33 
Bhanchini,  222 
Branchus,  222 
Brathinidae,  52 
Brathinus,  52 
Brontes,  95 
Brontini,  95 
Broscini,  29 
Bryaxis,  57 
Bryoporus,  63 
Baprcstidae,  159 

BUPRESTINI,   151 

Byrrhidae,  ia9,  111 
Byrkhini,  111 
Byrrhua,  112 
Bytaridae,  106 

ByturnsoniHS,  193 
Byturus,  106 

Cacotemnus,  204 
Caenia,  183 
Cfilnthus,  21 
Cullida,  24 
Cftlopteron,  183 
Calopus,  258 
Calosuma,  10 
Calospastn,  273 
Calyptocephalus,  184 
Calyptoraerus,  52 
Campylus,  170 
Canthon,  125 
Cajmochroa,  244 
Carabidae,  4,  5 
Carabini,  9 
Carabus,  10 
Carciiiopa,  77 
Cardiopbonis,  166 
Carebara,  251 
Carpopbilini,  82 
Carpophilug,  83 
Ca.ononia,  21 
Catogenup.  94 
Catops,  50 
Catoptricbus,  50 


Oobrionidae,  174 

Cebrio,  175 
Cediusi,  56 
Contrioptera,  220 
Centronopui),  230 
CeopbylluH,  56 
Cep/ialiatei,  192 
Cephaloidae,  2M 
Cephaloun,  2G0 
Cepbenniuin,  54 
Ceracid,  210 
Cercooerus,  57 
Cercus,  82 
Cercyon,  47 
Corophytidae,  162 
Cerophytum,  162 
Ceronopus,  228 
Cebuchini,  121 
Ceriichus,  121 
Gerylini,  92 
Cerylon,  92 
Cktoniini,  147 
Ceuthocerus,  78 
ClIALCOLBPinilNI,  164 
Chalcolepidius.  164 
Cbalcopbora,  152 
Chalepug,  144 
Cbariessa,  197 
Cluiropns,  192 

CnAOLIOQNATHINI,   186 

Chaiiliopnathus,  186 
Chclonariidae,  112 
Chelonarium,  112 

ClILiENIINI,  28 

Cbloonius,  28 
Chocridium,  125 
Chromatia,  244 
Chrysobotbris,  163 
Chrysopbana,  155 
Cihdelis,  230 
Cicindola,  3 
Cicindelidae,  1 

CiCINDELINI,  3 

Cicones,  90 
Cinyra,  152 
Cioidae,  209 
Cis,  210 
Cistela,  244 
Cistelidae,  242 
Clambini,  51 
Clambiis,  62 
Clavigcridae,  55 
Cleridac,  194 
Clerini,  195 
Cleronomug,  196 
Clerug,  196 
Clinidium,  93 
Clivina,  13 
Cnemidotug,  39 
Coolocnemif,  230 
Coelostethus,  204 
Coelus,  223 
Colastug,  83 
Colenis,  61 


Collopg,  191 
Colon,  50 
Colpiug,  40 
Colpodes,  26 
Colydiidae,  80 

COLVDIINI,   i)0 

Colydiom,  91 
Colymbetcg,  41 
Colymbetini,  41 
Colyphnt,  196 
Cnnibiiig,  227 

CONIONTINI,  223 

Cuniontis,  223 
Conipinug,  223 

CONONOTINI,   256 

Cononotug.  257 
Conosoma,  63 
Conotelus,  83 
Copcdatug,  41 

COPRINI,  124 

Coprig,  126 
Coproporug,  63 
Coptodern,  25 
Coptotoinug,  41 
Coroibus,  156 
Corticarin,  102 
Corymbiteg,  171 

COHYMBITINI,    169 

Corvphium,  70 
Cotalpa,  142 
Coxelus,  90 
Craniotus,  214 
Cratacanthug,  32 
Cratidus,  239 
Cratognatliug,  32 
Cratonychns,  170 
Cregya,  197 
Cremiistochilus,  149 
Creopbilug,  04 
Crepidotritug,  167 
Crigmus,  168 
Cryraodeg,  256 
Cryptadius,  214 
Cryptareba,  84 

CUYPTICINI,   234 

Crypticus,  235 
Cryplobium,  66 
Cryptoglossini,  219 
Cryptnglogsa,  220 
CryptobypnuB,  166 
Cryptophagidae,  96 
Cryptophagini,  98 
Cryptopbagus,  99 
Cryptopleurum,  47 
Cryptorbopalum,  108 
Utenistes,  57 
Cncnjidae,  93,  95 
CucujiNi,  95 
Cucujus,  95 
Cupeg,  200 
Cupeaidae,  109 
Cvbistcr,  42 
Cyciiramini,  81 
Cychramus,  81 


INDEX. 


SSi 


CychruB,  10 
Cyclocej)hala,  144 

CVCLOCKI'IIALINI,   143 

Cynlonotuin,  47 
Vyiistix,  77 
Oyllidium,  47 
Cymatodera,  196 
Cymindis,  24 
Cynaeus,  233 
Cypariura,  79 
Cyphnn,  181 
Cyrtuaa,  51 
Cysteodcinus,  269 
Cytilus,  112 

Dacnochilufi,  6fl 
Daoodekini,  216 
Dacoderus,  216 
Dascyllidae,  177,  178 
Dascyllini,  179 
Dascyllua,  179 
Dasydera,  133 
Dasytes,  193 
Dasytini,  192 
Dearth  rus,  108 
Deltufhilum,  125 
Dendrocharip,  161 
Dendroides,  267 
Dendrophngus,  95 
Dendrophilus,  76 
Dermestes,  107 
Dermcttidae,  105, 107 
Derodontidae,  100 
Derodontus,  100 

DiAI'ERlNI,  236 

Dianous,  67 
Diaporis,  237 
Diaphorus,  20 
Dinzus,  138 
Dicaolus,  27 
Dicerca,  152 
Dichelonycha,  136 

DlCIIELONYCHlNI,   136 

Dichelotarsus,  188 
Dichirus,  33 
Diclidia,  261 
Diorepidius,  168 
Dictyopterus,  183 
Diiletua,  25 
Dineutus,  43 
Dinoderus,  208 
Dinopsis,  ^9, 
DiDchus,  1)5 
Dioedus,  238 
Diphyllidae,  105 
DipUjhila,  27 
Diplocoelus,  105 
DiPLOTAxim,  137 
Diplotaxis,  138 
Dircaen,  260 
Discoderaus,  223 
Discoderus,  32 
Diftommus,  69 
Ditemnus,  189 


Ditoma,  90 
Ditylus,  258 
Dolopius,  109 
Dorcatuma,  204 
Dorcus,  121 
Drapetes,  158 
Drasterius,  166 
Drepajiiis,  15 
Drninius,  23 
Drumorhorns,  4 
Drydphilus,  2U5 

DllVl'TINI,  20 

Dynastes,  146 
DVNASTINI,  143,  146 
Dyscliirius,  13 
Dysmatbes,  212 
Dytiscidae,  38,  39 
DyrisciNi,  41 
Dytiscus,  42 

Eanug,  171 
Ebaeus,  192 
Echiaster,  66 
Eotopria,  180 
Edaphus,  67 
Edrotes,  213 
Ega,  21 
ELApnniNi,  7 
Blaphrus,  7 
EInsmocerus.  195 
Elater,  166 

Elateridae,  158,  163 
Elateiuni,  165 
Eleodea,  225 
Elmidac,  117 
Emathion,  161 
Etnbaphion,  226 
Emmenadia,  276 
Emmenastus,  214 
Emme>iot(irsus,  193 
Einmesa,  251 
Erapelus,  52 
ENDECAlOJiiNI,  207 
Endecatomus,  207 
Endectus,  91 
Endeodes,  192 
Endrosa,  139 
Ennearthron,  210 
Enopliini,  197 
Enoplium,  197 
EpiiHtius,  228 
Epiiphius,  35 
Ephalus,  228 
Epieauta,  273 
Epierus,  76 
Epiphanis,  161 
Epiphvsini,  213 
Epistemus,  100 
Epitraoini,  215 
Epltragus,  215 
Epursea,  83 
Ertr/npis,  148 
Eros,  183 
Eschatocrepis,  193 


Eu(»>sthetH!«,  67 
Eiihiia,  180 
EiiBKiiM,  180 
Eucscrus,  22 

EUCINETINI,   181 

P>ucinetu8,  181 
Bncnemidae,  160 

EUCNEMI.Nl,    160 

Eucnemis,  101 
Eucrada,  202 

EUCKADINI,  202 

Eiigastra,  139 
Eiigiuitltiis,  19 
Eiilabia,  228,  233 
Eulachus,  91 
Euinicrus,  54 
Eunectes,  42 
Eupactus,  203 
Euparia,  127 
Euphoria,  148 
EtPLElTINI,  57 

Euplectus,  58 
Eupleurida,  267 
Eupomjiha,  274 
Eupseniii?,  57 
Eurea,  180 
Eurygenius,  264 
Eurymetopon,  214 
Euryomia,  148 
Eurypogon,  178 
Euryporus,  64 
Enryptychns,  161 
Eurytriehus,  32 
Eusattus,  223 
Euschideg,  221 
Eustrophiis,  250 
Kuthcia,  54 
Euthysaniu?,  174 
Eutochin,  238 
EVANIUCEIIINI,  276 
Evarthru.a,  25 
Evolenes,  29 
Exops,  208 

Falagria,  60 
Faronus,  58 
Formicoinu?,  266 
Fornax,  161 


Galerita,  20 
Qeopinus,  32 
Georyssidae,  113 

(iedryssus,  113 
(riMitrupes,  128 
Okotiu'I'ini,  128 
(Jibbiuni,  202 
Gf.Al'IlYUINI,  133 

Giipa,  262 
Olipodo!",  262 
Qlycia,  24 
Glyptoma,  72 
Glyptotu?,  230 
Uriathiuin,  271 
I  Guathocerus,  233 


282 


INDEX. 


Gnathoncns,  77 
Onatiiusiini,  213 
flnorimus,  149 
Oyascutus,  152 
Qymnetis,  148 
Qynandropus,  33 
Qjnandrotnrsus,  33 
Gynnis,  139 
Qyretes,  43 
Gryrinidae,  42 
QyrinuB,  43 
Gyrophaena,  62 

Hadrotes,  64 
Haliplidac,  39 

Ilnliplus,  39 
Uallomenus,  250 
Hapalorhinua,  192 
Haplan.lrus,  230 
Hnplochile,  30 
Haploderup,  69 
Haplostethini,  155 
Haplostethus,  155 
Harpalidac,  16 
Hakpalini,  31 
Harpiilua,  33 
Hedohia,  202 
Heliohu»,  117 
Ifeliopates,  227 
Helluomorpha,  19 
Hblluonini,  19 
Helodes,  181 
Helodidae,  179 
Hklodini,  181 
Helophouini,  45 
Helophorus,  45 
Hei,opini,  238 
Helops,  240 
Hemicoelus,  204 
Hcmipeplidac,  96 
Hemipeplus,  96 
Hhmiiihipi'ii,  164 
Hemirhipus,  164 
Henous,  269 
Ilesperobeenus,  86 
Uetffirius,  76 
Heteroceridae,  117 
Heterooerus,  118 
Ilcterodcres,  108 
Ubterotarsini,  232 
Ileterolhops,  64 
HisTniNi,  75 
Ulster,  76 

Histeridae,  73,  74 
Holciophorus,  27 
Uololepta,  75 

HOLOLBPTINI,  74 

Holoparameous,  102 
Uomaluta,  61 
Hoplandria,  61 
Hoplia,  134 
HoPLiiNi,  135 
Hoplooephala,  237 
Horia,  270 


HoniiNi,  270 

IIVBOSOBINI,   127 

Ilybosorus,  127 
Ilydatictis,  42 
llydrmnn,  45 
Ilydnobiuf,  61 
Hydnocera,  196 

UVDROBIl.NI,  46 

Ilydrobius,  47 
Ilydrochari?,  46 
UydrochuH,  45 
Hydrophilidae,  43 

IIvnnopuiLiNi,  46 
Ilydrophilua,  46 
Hydrous,  46 
Ilylochares,  161 
llylocoetus,  199 
Hypocyptus,  62 
Ilypophloous,  238 
IIyporha<;iis,  247 
Ilypotelus,  72 
irypntriehia,  137 
Hypulus;  250 

Ichnea,  197 
llyhins,  41 
Iphthimus,  230 
Ipini,  84 
Ips,  84 

Ischiodontus,  168 
Isomalus,  72 

JULODIM,  154 

Laccobius,  46 
Lacconotini,  254 
Lacconotus,  255 
Laccophilus,  41 
Lnuhnocrepis,  29 
Lachnophorus,  21 
Lachnosterna,  139 
Licmophloeug,  95 
Lagria,  246 
Itagriidae,  245 
Lampyridae,  182,  183 
Lampyiuni,  183 
Lara,  116 
Laricobius,  198 
Lauini,  116 
Lasconotus,  90 
Lasiopus,  134 
Lathridiidae,  101 
Lathridius,  102 
Lathrimajum,  70 
Lathriiim,  71 
Lathrobium,  06 
Lebasiella,  198 
Lebta,  23 
Lp.uiini,  22 
Leistus,  10 
Leptacinus,  65 
Leptolinus,  65 
Leptotrachelus,  21 
Lesteva,  70 


Loncoparyhuf",  63 
Liehnuntbe,  133 
Ligyrus,  145 
Limoniiia,  170 

LlMMCIIINI,   112 

Limiiichua,  112 
Limniu.o,  117 
hiodernui,  75 
Liparocej)halus,  66 
Li.spimiH,  72 
Listotrophua,  64 
Listroelieliis,  139 
Listrus,  193 
T/targus,  105 
Lithdchario,  66 
liitoclirus,  81 
Lnbetu?,  189 
Loberus,  98 
Lobiopa,  83 
Lophogloasus,  27 
lorieera,  7 
LoiiirEuiNi,  7 
Loxandrus,  27 
Lncanidac,  119 
Lucanus,  121 

LUCANI.NI,   120 

Lucidota,  184 
LiicioLiNi,  184 
Ludiu?,  108 
Lutrocbua,  117 
Lycini,  183 
Lyctidac,  208 
Lyctua,  209 
Lycus,  183 
Lymexylidac,  198 
Lymexylon,  199 
Lymnicum,  36 
Lyrosomn,  50 
L'tta,  273 
Lyttini,  270,  271 

Mncratria,  265 
Maobatuiini,  265 
Macrobasis,  272 

MACnODACTYLINI,    136 

Macrodactylus,  136 
Macronychua,  117 
Macrophyllini,  140 
Macropogon,  178 
Macbopogonini,  178 
Macrosiagon,  276 
Malachidae,  190 
Malachini,  191 
Miilachiua,  192 
Mull  lur  ens,  188 
Malthinus,  189 
Malthodes,  189 
Manticobini,  3 
Marginus,  105 
Matus,  41 

Meoacephalini,  3 
Megalopa,  68 
Megapenthea,  166 
Megarthrua,  71 


INDKX. 


S8d 


Megnsternnm,  47 
Mee;etra,  269 
Melanactes,  172 
Melandrya,  251 
Mclandryidac,  247 
Melandrvini,  218 
Melnnophila,  153 
Melanotus,  32,  170 
Melasis,  160 
Mklasini,  160 
Meligethes,  83 
Moloi'',  209 
Mcloidac,  263 
Meloini,  269 
Melolontha,  140 
Melolonthidae,  131 
Mrlolontuini,  138 
Melyria,  ]93 

MKHACANTniVl,  240 

MBrneaiitlia,  241 
Merinus,  230 
Wetabletus,  23 
Motoniiis,  157 
Metkiini,  10 
Motrins,  10 
Mezium,  202 
Micialymma,  70 
Micrixys,  18 
Microlipus,  192 
Micropeplidae,  72 
Micropeplus,  72 
Microrhai?us,  161 
Mierosehatia,  221 
Microstemina,  54 
Miciiitonus,  253 
Miscodera,  29 
Monoerepidiua,  168 
DIonommidae,  246 
Moiiotnina,  86 
Monotomidac,  83 
Mordella,  262 
Mordcllidac,  260 
MoKHEr.LiNi,  262 
Mordellistena,  262 
Morio,  19 

MOHIONINI,   19 

Monjchus,  111 
ninrinidiidac,  73 

Muriuidius,  73 
Myas,  26 

Mycetochares,  244 
Mycetophag-idae,  104 
Myoetophagus,  105 
Myoetoporus,  63 
Myctcridac,  253 
MvcTEiiiNi,  254 
Myoteruf",  254 
Myllnona,  62 
Myoditea,  277 
Myoditini.  277 
Myrmecochara,  61 
Myrmedonia,  61 

Nacerdes,  258 


Narthecina,  95 
Nausibiua,  94 
Xeatus,  233 
Nebria,  10 
Necrobia,  198 
Necrophilua,  50 
Necrophoriis,  60 
Nelites,  237 
Netnatidinm,  01 
Noinatodea,  161 
Xematoplus,  204 

NEMOaHATlIINI,  270 

Neinogimtha,  271 
Neraoaoma,  88 
Nemotarsus,  23 

NiCAGI.VI,   J30 
Nicagua,  130 
Nicobium,  204 
Niptua,  202 
Nitidula,  83 
Nitidnlidae,  81 

NiTIDULINI,  83 

Nomaretus,  10 
NomophlcBus,  86 
Noserus,  216 
Nosodendridac,  110 

Noaodendron,  110 
Nosoderma,  216 
Noaodes,  88 
Noaaidiiim,  80 
Nothodes,  171 
Nothopua,  32 
Nothus,  252 
Notibiua,  227 
Notiophilus,  10 
Notoxus,  206 
Nyctobatea,  230 
Nyutopouini,  219 
Nyetoporua,  219 

Ochiiia,  178 
OchodtDua,  127 
Oohthebiiis,  45 
Ocypua,  65 
Onoc'ANTHim,  20 
Odontaous,  128 
Ocdemcridac,  253 
Oodoatethua,  166 
Oeatodea,  171 
Olibrua,  81 
Oligomeiua,  204 
OlirithKrus,  71 
Ologlyptus,  221 
Olophrum,  70 
Omalini,  70 
Ouialium,  70 
Omaloflcs,  77 
Omelhea,  187 
Omophron,  6 

OlIOI'HBONINt,  8 

Oinorgua,  131 
Omosita,  83 
Omus,  3 
Onceuisi,  133 


Oncerna,  134 
Onitia,  120 
Onthophiigua,  126 
Onthopliilua,  76 
Oochila,  220 
Oodes,  29 
Opatkini,  227 
Opatrinus,  228 
Opiitruin,  227 
Opotiopalpua,  198 
Oroheaia,  250 
Orphilua,  109 
Ohi'IInini,  127 
Oraonyx,  138 
Oithopleura,  197 
Orthostethii",  108 
OiivrTiM,  144 
Osinoilerma,  149 
Osoriua,  69 
Othiua,  05 
Othniidac,  102 
Othniua,  103 
OxylaMnua,  91 
Oxypnda,  61 
Oxyporus.  68 

OXVTELINI,  68 
Oxytelus,  69 
Ozxnidae,  14 

Oz.«jfiNi,  14 
Ozognathua,  205 

Paohyergua,  230 
I'.*;i)EiMNi,  05 
Picilerua,  06 
I'alaminua,  06 
Pallodea,  84 
Panao,kini,  18 
Panagicua,  19 
Pang  lis,  32 
Parainecoaoma,  09 
Paratenetua,  232 
Parnidac,  114,  115 
Paunini,  116 
Paroinalua,  76 
Pasirnachus,  13 
Passalini,  121 
Paasalua,  121 
Passandridao,  94 
Patrobua,  34 
Pediaciia,  95 
Pedilini,  203 
Pedilophorua,  111 
Pedilua,  264 
PKniNiNi,  226 
Pedinua,  212 
Pelecotoma,  270 
Peleeyphorua,  221 
Polidnota,  142 
Pe/onium,  198 
Pelonomiis,  117 
Peltastiea,  83 
Pcltasticidae,  88 
Pcltidac,  88 
PeltiB,  88 


284 


INDEX. 


Pentnria,  2fi1 
IVntiic,  249 
I'oricompaus",  36 
Perilypus,  Hlfi 
PRUOTIIOPINI,  162 
PorothopiJ,  102 
Potaliutn,  204 
Phalacridae,  80 
Phnlacrus,  81 
Phalerin,  2;i4 

PlIALEKIINI,  234 

Phnnnsus,  126 
PhauBis,  184 
Phelister,  17« 
Phellidius,  236 
Phellopsis,  216 
Phenf!;o(le=,  185 

PlIBNQODlNI,   185 

Phenolia,  83 

PllII.BUUINI,  146 

Phileurns,  146 
Philhydrusi,  47 
Philolles,  33 
Philolilhus,  222 
Philnnthup,  fi5 
Philophiiga,  24 
Philotecnus,  24 
Philoterme?,  01 
Philothermiis,  92 
Philoxylon,  205 
Phlegon,  Ifil 

PllLfKOCHAniNI,   71 

PhUBodes.  21(1 
I'hiflpopora,  fil 
Plil(i>(>tr\'a.  2,"i0 
Pholietus,  140 
Phodagn,  274 
Photiniis,  184 
Photuris,  184 
Phryganophilufi,  251 
Phyconomu8,  8(5 
Phyllobrenus,  197 
Physeinus,  1 12 
Phytosus,  (U 
Picstidae,  73 
Pinacodera,  24 
Pinophilus,  66 
Pio.ioma,  32 
Pityobius.  170 
Pityophagus,  84 
Placusa,  61 
Plastoi'krini,  172 
Plastocerus,  174 
Platycerus,  121 
Platydema.  237 
Platynus,  26 
Ptdtysomn,  77 
Platystethua,  69 
Plegaderus,  77 
Pleocoma,  128 
Pleocomini,  128 
Pleototnus,  184 
Pleuridium,  91 
Pleuropompha,  273 


Pltipiotis,  142 
PlouliiunuH,  23 
PocailiiiB,  83 
Pddabrus,  188 
Pfccilonotn,  152 
P(trilus,  26 

POCONINI,  34 

Pogonus,  34 
PdlemiHS,  189 
Pcilycaon,  208 
Polyceata,  155 
Polyincechus,  145 
I'olypbmrus,  229 
Pomphopcca,  273 
Porrhodites,  70 
Prateiis,  238 
Priognatlma,  256 
Priiinocyphon,  181 
Prioceni,  196 
Prion i/r/i  IIS,  244 
Pristoscolis,  193 
Prognatha,  72 
Promecognathini,  II 
Promeeognathus,  11 
Prometopin,  83 
Prom  us,  226 
Protbalpiii,  251 
Protkinini,  71 
ProteiiHis,  71 
Psainmodiiis,  127 
Psclaphidae,  54,  56 

PSEI.APIIINI,  66 

Paelaphus,  57 
Pscphcnidae,  115 

Pseplienus,  115 

PSEUDOMOUI'HINI     15 

I'soudoinorphus,  15 
il'swudophanus,  96 
PsiliH'iiemus,  149 
I'silopleni,  152 
Psilopyga,  83 
Psi/osri'lis,  77 
PsoiNi,  208 
Psydrus,  30 
Ptinidae,  200,  201 
Ptenidium,  80 
Pteroloma,  50 
Pterostichini,  25 
Pterostiehus,  27 
Pterotini,  185 
Pterotus,  185 
Ptilinini,  206 
Ptilinus,  200 
Ptilium,  80 
Ptilodaotyla,  179 
Ptilodactylini,  179 
Ptinini,  202 
Ptinodes,  204 
PtinuB,  202 
Ptosima,  155 
Pycnomerini,  91 
Pycnomerus,  91 
Pyrochroidae,  266 
Pyroohroa,  267 


Pyrophonw,  171 
Pyrulu,  273 

Pythidae,  255 

PvTniNi,  256 
Pytho,  256 

Quedius,  64 

Remhn.1,  28 

UllADAI.lNI,   194 

Rhadalus,  194 
Rhadine,  26 
Rhngodera,  90 
llhagonycha,  189 
Hhexiu!),  57 
Kliinosimua,  257 
Rhipiceridac,  1 75 
Uhipidandrua,  236 
Rhipiphoridae,  275 
Rnipipii'jRiNi,  276 
RiiiPiDiiNi,  277 
Rhipidiiis,  277 
Rhizopertha,  208 

llillZOPIIAGINI,  84 

Rhizophagua,  85 
Rhombodera,  25 
Rhysaodes,  93 
Rhyssodidac,  92 

RUTBLINI,   141 

Sacodes,  181 
Salpingini,  257 
Salpingits,  257 
Sandal  ua,  176 
Siiprinua,  77 
Scatopteriis,  192 
Scaphidema,  237 
Scaphidiidae,  78 
Scaphidium,  79 
Scaphistima,  79 
Scaphium,  79 
Scaptoleniis,  175 
Scarabacidac,  121 
S.  laparosticti,  123 
S.  plcarosticti,  141 
Scarites,  13 

SCARITINI,   12 
SCAURINI,  228 

Schizogenius,  13 
Schizopodidae,  176 

Sehizopus,  177 
Schizotus,  267 
ScopsBua,  66 
Scotobaenus,  230 
Scraptia,  233 

SCUAPTIINI,  253 

Scydmasnidae,  53 

Scydmosnua,  54 
Soyrtes,  181 
Selctiophonis,  33 
Serica,  136 
Skricini,  136 
Sericoidini,  137 
Sericosoinua,  171 


INDEX. 


285 


Sorropalpua,  250 
Sills,  IHy 
Silpha,  50 
Silphidae,  48 

SiLl'UINI,  49 
Simplocaria,  111 

SlNODENDlUNI,   121 

Sinoilendron,  121 
Sinoxylon,  208 
Sphiilera,  262 
Speicheiis,  45 
Sperohopsis,  47 
Spii^.uidiini,  47 
Sphajriilium,  47 
Spliicrites,  50 
Sl'll*l{ITlNI,  50 

Pphoorodertna,  76 
Sphteroinorphus,  129 
Spilotu.i,  251 
Spongopus,  32 
Staphylinidae,  58,  50 

STAPnvLININI,  63 

Htatyra,  246 
Stelidota,  83 
Stenelmis,  117 
Stenini,  66 
Steiwchia,  244 
Stenochiilus,  244 
Stenooolus,  179 
Stenolophus,  33 
Stenomorphini,  30 
Stenomorphus,  31 
Stenosini,  217 
Stenotrachelini,  252 
Stenotriichelus,  252 
Stenotrichus,  239 
Steiwiis,  29 
Stenus,  67 
Stephanurha,  148 
Stereopalpus,  201 
Stigmatoina,  244 
Stilicus,  66 
Stilifiopsis,  66 
Strategus,  146 
Strigodernia,  142 
Stronoyliini,  241 
Strongylium,  241 
Stylopidae,  277 
f^tylops,  273 
iSunius,  66 
Sylvanidae,  94 
S.vlvanus,  94 
Syncalypta,  112 
Synch  ita,  90 

PVNCHITINI,  90 

Synchroa,  249 
Syntomium,  69 


Taehinua,  03 
Tachvpouini,  62 
Tacliyporus,  63 
Tachys,  36 
T'vchyusa,  61 
Tanaops,  192 
TnnarthruH,  266 
TanyrhinuH,  257 
Taphrocorus,  157 
Tarsostenus,  196 
Ti'grodera,  273 
Tolephanidao,  96 
TelephanuH,  96 
Tolephoridac,  186 
Tblephorini,  187 
Telephorus,  188 
Telmatopiumni,  93 
Telmatophilufl,  98 
Temnochila,  88 
Tenebrio,  231 
Tencbrionidao,210,223 
Tenehrionini,  229 
Tentyriidae,  212 
Teretriu?,  77 
Tetraoha,  3 
Totragonoderng,  23 
Tetraonyx,  273 
Tetratoma,  248 
Tetratomini,  248 
Thalpius,  20 
Thanasimti!!,  196 
Thancroclerus,  196 
Tharops,  160 
Tharsus,  233 
Thinouatini,  214 
Thinopinus,  64 
Throacidae,  157 
Throsous,  158 
Thyce,  140 
Thymalus,  88 
Tillua,  196 
Tmesiphorua,  56 
Toniarus,  99 
Tomoderus,  266 
Tomoxia,  262 
Tostegoptera,  139 
Toxidium,  79 
Trachypachini,  8 
Trachypachys,  8 
Trachyscelini,  234 
Trachysoeli.s,  234 
Trechicus,  23 
Trecrini,  34 
Trechus,  35 
Tribalufl,  76 
Tribolium,  233 


Tribrachys,  83 
Triciiiini,  149 
Trichiu.H,  M9 
Tnc/ior/in>ii.i,  193 
TrichdiloH,  196 
Tricliodiwiua,  204 

Trichoptcryg-idao,  70 

Tricbopteryx,  80 
Tricrunia.  270 
Trignnophoriis,  64 
Triiniiini,  58 
Trimylis,  214 
Triordpliiis,  214 
Triphyllus.  105 
TuDiiisi,  131 
Trogodoriiia,  108 
Trogophlit'iiH,  59 
Trogoflita,  88 
TrofiTositidac,  86,  87 
Trogoxylon,  209 
Troioiiima,  251 
Trox,  131 
Trypherus,  189 
Trypnpitys,  204 
Tychus,  57 
Tylistua,  203 
Typhsea,  105 
TyniH,  57 
Tytthonyx,  189 

Ulomn,  233 
Ulomini,  232 
Ulosonin,  233 
Upia,  230 

Valgus,  149 

Xnntholinua,  65 
Xenos,  278 
Xestobium,  205 
Xestonotus,  32 
XylotinuB,  204 
Xylitn,  251 
Xylopmii.ixi,  265 
Xylophiliis,  265 
Xyloi)inus,  230 
Xyloryetes,  MO 
XylotrogHS,  209 

Zenoa,  176 
Zibira,  251 
Zonitis,  271 

ZopIIKRINI,  216 
Zopberus,  216 
Zophosis,  223 
Zuphium,  20 


*  NOTE. 

The  second  part  of  this  work  will  contain  those  families  embraced  in 
the  divisions  Tetramera  and  Trimera  of  the  older  authors ;  in  them,  the 
penaltimate  Joint  of  the  tarsi  is  closely  connate  with  the  last  joint,  and 
forms  merely  an  enlargement  at  the  base  of  it. 

I  am  now  preparing  a  synonymical  list  of  the  species  of  Coleoptera  of 
America  north  of  Mexico.  For  the  purpose  of  rendering  the  work  as  com- 
plete as  possible,  it  is  very  desirable  that  increased  collections  sliouM  bo 
made  in  the  western  portions  of  the  Continent,  especially  in  Texas,  New 
Mexico,  and  the  regions  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  I  would  therefore 
appeal  to  those  who  may  be  willing  to  make  collections  within  the  regions 
mentioned,  to  aid  me  in  this  work.  Due  credit  shall  be  given  in  my  pub- 
lications for  the  assistance  received,  and,  when  desired,  the  duplicates, 
properly  named,  shall  bo  returned  to  the  persona  collecting. 

Pages  1-208  were  published  in  May,  1861;  pages  209-278  in  March, 
1862.  ,  J.  L.  LEG. 


(  286  ) 


■\^: 


^,^^. 


38  embraced  in 
;  Jn  tliem,  the 
last  joint,  and 

'  Coleoptera  of 
I  work  as  com- 
ons  should  bo 
in  Texas,  New 
ould  therefore 
in  the  regions 
'n  in  my  pub- 
le  duplicates, 

78  in  March, 
J-  L.  LEG. 


